This book explores the global phenomenon of populism in relation to states' foreign policy, addressing two key questions: How do populists mold their foreign policies? What are the domestic and external factors that enable and constrain it? To this end, the book brings together a diverse group of scholars who have already researched on populist foreign policies (PFP) in specific countries to contribute shared chapters that examine their drivers, patterns, and effects according to distinctive regions: North America, Western Europe, Southern Europe, Central-Eastern Europe, Latin America, South-East Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, and Africa.
The empirical analysis sheds new light on how populists’ distinctive conception of a world divided antagonistically between “the people” and “the elites” influences behaviour towards multilateral organizations such as the United Nations and the European Union, and regional or global hegemonic powers like the United States, Germany, Russia, and China. The book also shows how ideas related to identity, ideology, status and emotions, impinge on populists’ conduct vis-à-vis other international actors, and how national and international structures affect the implementation of populist foreign policies in the regional, interregional, and global arenas. The wide geographical diversity and regional representation are also valuable in identifying cultural similarities and differences. Hence, the findings contribute to lively debates on whether there is a unified and coherent foreign policy among populist leaderships, and whether populism leads to a gradual “corrective” of transnational trends in contemporary politics or, conversely, to a more radical, structural shift in the liberal international order.
Author(s): Philip Giurlando, Daniel F. Wajner
Series: Global Foreign Policy Studies
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 299
City: Cham
Populist Foreign Policy
Regional Perspectives of Populism in the International Scene
Copyright
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction to Populist Foreign Policy (PFP)
Populism and Foreign Policy
“Populist Foreign Policy” (PFP)?
PFP-1: Populist Ideology and Foreign Policy Formulation
PFP-2: Populist Strategy and Foreign Policy Processes
PFP-3: Populist Style and Foreign Policy Roles
PFP-4: Populist Discourse and Foreign Policy Practice
PFP-5: Populist Policy and Foreign Policy Output
Under Which Conditions Does Populist Foreign Policy Matter?
(Multipolar) Power Structures
Domestic Variables
Ideological Factors
Policy Domains
References
Chapter 2: Digging New Western European Trenches: Populism and the Foreign Policies of Germany and the Netherlands
The Research Puzzle
Theory: Populism and Foreign Policy
Are There Populist Foreign Policy Preferences?
What Conditions Facilitate Populists Access to Foreign Policymaking?
Germany and Populist Foreign Policy
The AfD’s Outlook on European Integration and Multilateralism
The AfD’s Access to German EU Policy
The Netherlands and Populist Foreign Policy
Outlook on Europe of Dutch Populist Parties
Dutch Populist Parties’ Access to Dutch EU Polities
Explaining the Different Dutch and German Trajectories
Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Populist Foreign Policy in Southern Europe
Introduction
International Sources and Effects of Southern Europe’s Populism
International (Multi)polarity
Ideology
Domestic Politics
Policy Domains
Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Populist Foreign Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Hungary and the Shock of the Ukraine Crisis
Introduction
Populist in Central and Eastern Europe—Manoeuvring and the Overlap of Domestic/EU and Foreign Politics
Regime Building and Manoeuvring
Crisis Talk and War Rhetoric
Russia’s War against Ukraine
Courting Russia Before Its War on Ukraine
The Outbreak of the War—The Challenge for Orbán
Poland and the Ukraine Crisis—Back to Europe?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: The Trump Shock: Populism and Changing Narratives of US Foreign Policy
Introduction
America First as Narrative Disruption to US Foreign Policy
Trump, Trade, and Economic Nationalism
America First and National Security
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Tradition, Geopolitical Constraints, and Leadership Styles in Latin American Populist Foreign Policy
Introduction
Analytical Framework
Empirical Analysis
The Tradition of Populism in Latin America (Temporality of Populism)
Geopolitical Dimension
Leadership Styles of Populist Leaders (Agency Dimension)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Populist Foreign Policy in the Middle East and North Africa
Introduction
Populism and/in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
Patterns of MENA’s Populist Foreign Policy
Constraints to PFP Effects in MENA
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: Leadership, Context, and Populist Foreign Policy in East Africa: An Analysis of Uganda and Rwanda
Introduction
The Historical Antecedents of Contemporary Populism in Africa
Uganda’s Domestic and Foreign Relations Before Museveni
Museveni’s Populism and Uganda’s Domestic Policy
Museveni’s Populist Foreign Policy
Paul Kagame and Rwanda’s Populist Foreign Strategies/Policy
The Catastrophic Genocide and the Creation of a Populist Leader
Aid Economy and Rwanda’s Populist Foreign Policy
Agaciro for Dignity and Self-reliance
Domestic and Global Security Interests
The Future of Populism in Africa: Drawing Conclusions from East Africa
References
Chapter 9: Populist Foreign Policy in Asia
Introduction
Populism and Its Impact on Foreign Policy: Towards a More Conflict-Prone Foreign Policy?
The Case of India
The Case of the Philippines
Populist Foreign Policy in India and the Philippines: How to Make Sense of the Differences
References
Chapter 10: Aotearoa New Zealand and the Quasi-Populist Foreign Policy of New Zealand First
Populism and Foreign Policy
The Political Fortunes of New Zealand First
Dog Whistle Politics and NZF
Institutional Constraints and Opportunities
The People’s Republic of China
The US and the Pacific
The UK and Brexit
Peters’ Pro-Russian Views
Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Conclusions: Populist Foreign Policy in a Comparative Perspective
Distinctive Populist Foreign Policies
PFP International Restrictors/Catalysts
PFP Domestic Restrictors/Catalysts
Debates and Future Research
Normative and Policy-Oriented Considerations
References
Index
