Starting with a working definition, this comprehensive work defines the attributes of the population health model. It clarifies what population health is and is not. It discusses health disparities and the social determinants of health and illness and provides new ways of moving forward towards a more sustainable healthcare model in a changing society, thereby pointing out the importance of multi-sector collaboration for collective impact for community health improvement. The book takes this further by providing sources of data to support the population health model. As such, this book provides a must-read for students and anyone working, teaching or consulting in population healthcare.
Author(s): Richard K. Thomas
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 360
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Defining Population Health
Introduction
Defining Population Health
Micro and Macro Dimensions of Population Health
Attributes of Population Health
What Population Health is Not
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 2: The Road to Population Health: A Changing Society
Introduction
Changing Population Characteristics
The Changing Age Structure
The Changing Sex Ratio
Growing Racial and Ethnic Diversity
Changing Household and Family Structure
Changing Lifestyles
Changing Patient Characteristics
Changing Disease Etiology
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 3: The Road to Population Health: A Changing Healthcare System
Introduction
The Emergence of Modern Medicine
Emerging Deficiencies
Late-Century Paradigm Shift
The Impact of Medical Science on Population Health
Deficiencies in the “Healthcare” Model
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 4: The Roots of Population Health
Introduction
The Contribution of Public Health
History of Public Health
The Organization of Public Health
The Functions of Public Health
The Current State of Public Health
The Current Focus of Public Health
Public Health Professional Organizations
The Defunding of Public Health and Its Consequences
Public Health Does Not Equate to Population Health
Why Public Health Cannot Champion Population Health
The Contribution of Demography
The Contribution of Social Epidemiology
The Contribution of Medical Sociology
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 5: Health Status and How to Measure It
Introduction
Conceptual Issues
Defining “Health”
Defining Health Status
Health Status Indicators
Global Measures
Outcome Measures: Morbidity
Outcome Measures: Mortality/Life Expectancy
Other Outcome Measures
Healthy/Unhealthy Behavior
Environmental Factors
Social/Economic Factors
Cultural/Subcultural Influences
Life Circumstances Indicators
Access/Utilization Measures
Health Status Rankings
A New Approach to Health Status
The Importance of Non-Health-Related Data
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 6: The Social Determinants of Health and Illness
Introduction
Intermediate Causes
The Influence of Stress on Health Status
Root Causes
Economic Instability
Neighborhood and Physical Environment
Housing Access and Quality
Transportation
Education
Food Insecurity
Community and Social Context
Residential Segregation
Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 7: Paying the Piper: Health Disparities
Introduction
The Stratification of Health Conditions
Health Metrics Associated with Disparities
The Causes of Health Disparities
Poverty and Health Disparities
Environmental Conditions and Health Disparities
Education and Health Disparities
Food Insecurity and Health Disparities
Residential Segregation and Health Disparities
Community and Social Context and Health Disparities
Crime and Criminal Justice and Health Disparities
Groups that Exhibit Disparities
Trends in Health Disparities
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 8: Population Health and Healthcare Delivery
Introduction
Population Health Principles and Healthcare Delivery
Attributes of Population Health Management
Barriers to Population Health Management
The Role of Healthcare in Population Health Improvement
The Role of the Healthcare System in Population Health
A New Mindset
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 9: Population Health and Public Policy
Defining Public Policy
Spheres for Policy Development
Macro-level Policies
Public Policies
Organizational Policies
Professional Policies
Health in all Policies
Social Domains and Public Policy
Education
Housing and Community Development
Transportation
Economic Development
Food Access and Security
Criminal Justice
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 10: Traditional Approaches to Community Health Data
Introduction
Traditional Categories of Data for Health Needs Assessment
Demographic Data
Epidemiological Data
Morbidity Measures
Mortality Measures
Health Behavior
Healthcare Resources
Facilities
Programs and Services
Personnel
Health Insurance
Networks and Relationships
Health Services Utilization
Non-Traditional Health Data Metrics
Obesity
Mental Illness
Disability Data
Dental Health Data
Sources of Data for Health Needs Assessment
Sources of Demographic Data
Sources of Epidemiological Data
Sources of Healthcare Resources Data
Sources of Health Behavior Data
Sources of Health Services Utilization Data
Issues with Traditional Health Data
Issues with Epidemiological Data
Issues with Health Behavior Data
Issues with Health Services Utilization Data
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 11: Data Needs for the Population Health Model
Introduction
Nature of Relevant Data
Perspective
Individual vs. Community
Level of Data Collection
Qualitative vs. Quantitative
Data Categories for Population Health Assessments
Economic Instability
Neighborhood and Physical Environment
Housing Access and Quality
Transportation
Education
Food Insecurity
Community and Social Context
Residential Segregation
Crime and Criminal Justice
Sources of Data for Population Health Assessments
Sources of Data on Economic Instability
Sources of Data on the Neighborhood and Physical Environment
Sources of Data on Housing Access and Quality
Sources of Data on Transportation
Sources of Education Data
Sources of Data on Food Insecurity
Sources of Data on Community and Social Context
Sources of Data on Residential Segregation
Sources of Data on Crime and Criminal Justice
Population Health Data Challenges
Transitioning from CHNA to PHA
The Changing Context for Community Assessments
Similarities Between CHNAs and PHAs
Differences Between CHNAs and PHAs
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 12: The Role of the Community in Population Health Improvement
Introduction
Why Not Community?
Why the Community?
Community Preparation
Steps in Community Involvement
Community Health Business Model
Policy-Setting and Population Health
Barriers to Community Leadership
Summary
Key Points
References
Additional Resources
