This book is the first book that investigates aging and its impacts on transport system in China. Using various data, this book covers, but is not limited to, the development of population aging, the changes of travel demand, the features of travel behavior of China’s elderly, progress and prospect of age-friendly transport in China. The book has international academic novelty in three points. Firstly, it discovers the long-term supply-demand relationship between population aging and transport infrastructure development. Secondly, it finds the changes and factors in travel behavior of the elderly people. Thirdly, it discusses the advantages or disadvantages of age-friendly transport policy. The findings in the book provide fresh evidences for the challenges posed by aging to transport and enhance readers’ existing knowledge of the elderly people’s travel behavior and the related determinants. These findings are helpful for planners and politicians to make age-friendly transport policies and useful for investors and enterprises to supply proper transport services to the elderly people. This book is of great interest to scholars and practitioners interested in transport development, transport policy, social transition, sustainable mobility, urban planning, urban governance and is relevant to China and other developing countries.
Author(s): Pengjun Zhao, Jinxin Xie
Series: Population, Regional Development and Transport
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 262
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background and Significance
1.1.1 Global Challenges of Aging to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
1.1.2 New Research Agenda for Age-Friendly Transport
1.1.3 Challenges of Aging in China
1.1.4 Transport System in China
1.1.5 Significance of This Book
1.2 The Organisation of This Book
1.3 Method and Data
1.3.1 Methods
1.3.2 Data
References
2 Aging: A Global Challenge
2.1 World Population Growth
2.1.1 Global Trends
2.1.2 Regional Differences
2.2 Population Aging
2.2.1 Global Trends
2.2.2 Regional Differences
2.2.3 Urban Population Aging
2.2.4 Aging in Rural Areas
2.3 Challenges of Population Aging
2.3.1 Challenges in the Workforce and Economy
2.3.2 Challenges in Public Finance and Social Security
2.3.3 Challenges in Governance and Service
2.4 Challenges in Transport Facilities and Service
2.5 Conclusion
References
3 Aging and Transport
3.1 Travel Needs of Older People
3.1.1 Physiological Characteristics and Psychological Needs
3.1.2 Social Activities and Communication Needs
3.1.3 Travel Needs
3.2 Travel Behaviour and the Influencing Factors for Older People
3.2.1 Travel Frequency
3.2.2 Travel Purpose
3.2.3 Travel Mode
3.3 Age-Friendly Transport
3.3.1 Concept and Implication
3.3.2 Composition of Age-Friendly Transport
3.3.3 Features
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 Progress and Problems with Age-Friendly Transport Policies
4.1 General Policies and Measures
4.2 Age-Friendly and Barrier-Free Transport
4.2.1 Existing Policies
4.2.2 Current Problems
4.2.3 Poor Quality of Design and Construction for Barrier-Free Transport
4.3 Age-Friendly Walking System
4.3.1 Existing Policies
4.3.2 Current Problems
4.4 Age-Friendly Public Transport Systems
4.4.1 Existing Policies
4.4.2 Current Problems
4.5 Attention to the Traffic Safety of Older People
4.5.1 Existing Policies
4.5.2 Current Problems
4.6 Conclusion
References
5 Aging in China
5.1 Development of China’s Aging
5.1.1 Definition of Aging
5.1.2 China’s Population Growth
5.1.3 Process of China’s Aging
5.1.4 Spatial Differences in Aging
5.2 Factors of Aging in China
5.2.1 Family Planning Policy
5.2.2 Improvements in Medical Service
5.2.3 Change of Social Attitude
5.3 Social Impacts of Aging
5.3.1 Shortage of Labour
5.3.2 Changes in Consumer Demand
5.3.3 Increasing Social Burden
5.4 Trends in Aging
5.4.1 Long-term Trend of Population Aging
5.4.2 The UN’s Projection of China’s Aging Level
5.4.3 Projection of Aging in China
5.5 Conclusion
References
6 Travel Needs of Older People
6.1 Travel Needs Generated by Activities Needs
6.1.1 Demand for Participation and Communication
6.1.2 Problems with Social Activities and Participation
6.2 Transport Requirements Based on Physiological Characteristics
6.2.1 Physiological Characteristics
6.2.2 Age-Friendly Transport Requirements
6.3 Conclusion
References
7 Travel Behaviour of Older People
7.1 Daily Travel Behaviour
7.1.1 Travel Frequency
7.1.2 Travel Purpose
7.1.3 Travel Mode
7.1.4 Travel Duration
7.1.5 Departure Time
7.2 Changes in the Travel Characteristics of Older People
7.2.1 Travel Frequency
7.2.2 Travel Purpose
7.2.3 Travel Mode
7.2.4 Travel Duration
7.2.5 Departure Time
7.3 Characteristics of Recreational Trips of Older People
7.3.1 Travel Frequency
7.3.2 Travel Duration
7.3.3 Travel Mode
7.3.4 Departure Time
7.4 Characteristics of Shopping Trips of Older People
7.4.1 Travel Frequency
7.4.2 Travel Duration
7.4.3 Travel Mode
7.4.4 Departure Time
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Factors in the Travel Behaviour of Older People
8.1 Factors Affecting Travel Intensity
8.1.1 Factors
8.1.2 Two-level Logistic Regression Model for Whether People Travel or Not
8.1.3 Ordinal Logistic Regression Model for Travel Frequency
8.1.4 Discussion
8.2 Factors in Travel Mode and Duration
8.2.1 Factors
8.2.2 Multinomial Logit Model
8.2.3 OLS Regression Model for Travel Duration
8.2.4 Discussion
8.3 Conclusion
References
9 Building Age-Friendly Transport in China
9.1 Travel and Service in Aging Areas
9.1.1 Barrier-Free Transport Facilities
9.1.2 Age-Friendly Public Transport
9.1.3 Safe Walking Environment
9.1.4 Age-Friendly Driving System
9.1.5 Age-Friendly Traffic Signs
9.1.6 Green Transport
9.2 Basic Guarantee of Age-Friendly Transport
9.2.1 Establish and Improve the System of Law, Regulation and Policy
9.2.2 Set up a Standard System of Age-Friendly Transport
9.2.3 Enhance the Management and Maintenance of an Age-Friendly Environment
9.2.4 Foster Age-Friendly Awareness and Develop Universal Design
9.3 Age-Friendly Walking System
9.3.1 Overall Planning and Construction
9.3.2 Implementation of Design Standards
9.3.3 Regular Maintenance
9.3.4 Improvement in Walking Comfort
9.4 Age-Friendly Public Transport Service
9.4.1 Promoting Public Transport
9.4.2 Design and Planning of Networks and Timetables for Public Transport
9.4.3 Design of Vehicles and Stops
9.4.4 Improvements in the Bus Service
9.4.5 Develop Customised Buses
9.4.6 Age-Friendly Rail Transport
9.4.7 Age-Friendly Taxi Service
9.4.8 Age-Friendly Guiding Information
9.5 Attention to the Traffic Safety of Older People
9.5.1 Improving Awareness of Transport Safety
9.5.2 Road Safety Projects
9.5.3 Improved Management of Low-Speed Electric Vehicles for Older People
9.5.4 Improving the Driving System and Reducing the Driving Risk of Older People
9.6 Assessment of Age-Friendly Transport
References
10 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Index
