Polyploidy – whole-genome duplication (WGD) – is a fundamental driver of biodiversity with significant consequences for genome structure, organization, and evolution. Once considered a speciation process common only in plants, polyploidy is now recognized to have played a major role in the structure, gene content, and evolution of most eukaryotic genomes. In fact, the diversity of eukaryotes seems closely tied to multiple WGDs. Polyploidy generates new genomic interactions – initially resulting in “genomic and transcriptomic shock” – that must be resolved in a new polyploid lineage. This process essentially acts as a “reset” button, resulting in genomic changes that may ultimately promote adaptive speciation.
This book brings together for the first time the conceptual and theoretical underpinnings of polyploid genome evolution with syntheses of the patterns and processes of genome evolution in diverse polyploid groups. Because polyploidy is most common and best studied in plants, the book emphasizes plant models, but recent studies of vertebrates and fungi are providing fresh perspectives on factors that allow polyploid speciation and shape polyploid genomes. The emerging paradigm is that polyploidy – through alterations in genome structure and gene regulation – generates genetic and phenotypic novelty that manifests itself at the chromosomal, physiological, and organismal levels, with long-term ecological and evolutionary consequences.
Author(s): C. L. McGrath, M. Lynch (auth.), Pamela S. Soltis, Douglas E. Soltis (eds.)
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
Year: 2012
Language: English
Pages: 420
City: Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, London
Tags: Evolutionary Biology; Plant Genetics & Genomics; Plant Biochemistry
Front Matter....Pages i-viii
Evolutionary Significance of Whole-Genome Duplication....Pages 1-20
Genetic Consequences of Polyploidy in Plants....Pages 21-32
Meiosis in Polyploid Plants....Pages 33-55
Origins of Novel Phenotypic Variation in Polyploids....Pages 57-76
Identifying the Phylogenetic Context of Whole-Genome Duplications in Plants....Pages 77-92
Ancient and Recent Polyploidy in Monocots....Pages 93-108
Genomic Plasticity in Polyploid Wheat....Pages 109-135
Maize ( Zea Mays ) as a Model for Studying the Impact of Gene and Regulatory Sequence Loss Following Whole-Genome Duplication....Pages 137-145
Polyploidy in Legumes....Pages 147-180
Jeans, Genes, and Genomes: Cotton as a Model for Studying Polyploidy....Pages 181-207
Evolutionary Implications of Genome and Karyotype Restructuring in Nicotiana tabacum L....Pages 209-224
Erratum From—Polyploid Evolution in Spartina : Dealing with Highly Redundant Hybrid Genomes....Pages 225-243
Allopolyploid Speciation in Action: The Origins and Evolution of Senecio cambrensis ....Pages 245-270
The Early Stages of Polyploidy: Rapid and Repeated Evolution in Tragopogon ....Pages 271-292
Yeast as a Window into Changes in Genome Complexity Due to Polyploidization....Pages 293-308
Two Rounds of Whole-Genome Duplication: Evidence and Impact on the Evolution of Vertebrate Innovations....Pages 309-339
Polyploidy in Fish and the Teleost Genome Duplication....Pages 341-383
Polyploidization and Sex Chromosome Evolution in Amphibians....Pages 385-410
Erratum to—Polyploid Evolution in Spartina : Dealing with Highly Redundant Hybrid Genomes....Pages E1-E1
Back Matter....Pages 411-415
