The construction industry increasingly requires products that are cost effective and easy to use, to enable fast track application whilst achieving a high physical performance. Incorporating a polymer in a cementitious mix brings key advantages, particularly in terms of workability, abrasion and impact resistance, with the resulting physical and chemical properties dependent upon the nature of the polymer material and the quantity used in relation to the cement phase.
This Rapra Handbook is intended to provide an insight into the uses of polymers within the construction industry. It describes the conception of polymer-modified cementitious materials through to the array of polymer-based or polymer-modified material utilised in modern day construction.
It not only covers the use of polymers in direct combination with cement but polymer concrete, impregnation of polymers into the concrete substrate and other polymer-based products, (i.e., coatings and adhesives). Both natural and synthetic polymers are reviewed.
This book is aimed at all those who are working with cement, and also at anyone who needs more information about this most versatile of materials, offering insight into:
the common polymers used in cementitious materials polymer concrete polymer Portland cement concrete reinforcement using synthetic fibres adhesives and coatings
Author(s): Miller, Michelle
Edition: 0
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
Year: 2005-01-01
Language: English
Commentary: 51100
Pages: 194
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 15
1.2 The Introduction of Polymer into Cementitious Materials......Page 16
1.2.1 The Basic Advantages of Mixing Polymers with Cementitious Materials......Page 17
1.3 The History of Cement......Page 18
1.3.1 Basic Principles of the Cement Manufacture......Page 19
1.3.2 A Summary of the Hydration of Portland Cement......Page 22
1.4 History of Polymers......Page 25
1.4.1 The Introduction of Polymers into Cementitious Materials......Page 26
1.4.2 Brief Summary of the Physical Properties of Polymer Modified Cementitious Materials......Page 29
1.5 Concluding Statement......Page 30
References......Page 31
2.1 Introduction......Page 37
2.2.1 Cellulose......Page 38
2.2.2 Natural Rubber (NR)......Page 39
2.2.3 Polyvinyl Acetates (PVA)......Page 41
2.2.4 Copolymers of Vinyl Acetate/Ethylene......Page 42
2.2.5 Acrylic Polymers......Page 44
2.2.6 Styrene-Butadiene Rubber......Page 45
2.2.7 Chloroprene......Page 47
2.2.8 Polyvinylidene Chloride......Page 49
2.2.9 Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR)......Page 50
2.2.10 Epoxy Resins......Page 51
2.2.11 Polyurethanes......Page 61
References......Page 65
3.1 Introduction......Page 73
3.2.1 Advantages of Thermosetting Resins......Page 74
3.2.2 Thermosetting Resins Typically Used in the Manufacture of Polymer Concrete......Page 75
3.3.3 Aggregates......Page 79
3.3.4 Workability and Shrinkage Characteristics......Page 80
3.3.6 Priming of the Substrate......Page 81
3.4 Application Techniques......Page 82
3.6 Repairing Polymer Composites......Page 83
3.7.1 Typical Strength Characteristics Observed for Polymer Concrete......Page 84
3.7.2 Bond Adhesion of Polymer Concrete to a Substrate and the Effect of Expansion and Contraction......Page 85
3.8 Common Uses of Polymer Concrete......Page 86
3.8.2 Overlays and Coatings......Page 87
3.8.3 Resin Grouts and Mortars......Page 88
3.8.4 Sealants......Page 89
3.8.5 Castable Systems......Page 90
3.9 Polymer Impregnated Concrete......Page 91
3.9.1 Concrete Preparation and Impregnation Process......Page 92
3.9.2 Physical Properties......Page 93
3.9.3 Common Uses of Polymer Impregnated Concrete......Page 94
References......Page 95
4.1 Introduction......Page 99
4.3 Physical Requirements of Latexes in Order to be Suitable as Cement Additives......Page 100
4.4 Polymer Emulsion......Page 101
4.4.1 Manufacture of Latex Emulsion......Page 102
4.5.1 Introduction......Page 105
4.5.3 Spray Drying Procedure......Page 106
4.5.5 Advantages of Adding a Redispersible Polymer Powder......Page 108
4.5.6 Rehydrating Redispersible Polymer Powders......Page 109
4.5.8 Typical Chemical Composition of Modern Day Redispersible Polymer Powders......Page 110
4.6 The Formation of the Polymer Modified Cementitious Matrix......Page 111
4.7 Introduction to the Benefits of Modifying Cementitious Materials with Polymer Dispersions......Page 113
4.7.2 Styrene Acrylics......Page 114
4.7.3 Vinyl Acetate Ethylene Co-Polymers......Page 115
4.7.5 Epoxies......Page 116
4.8.1 Water Demand......Page 117
4.8.4 Stability......Page 118
4.8.6 Drying Characteristics......Page 119
4.8.7 Strength Characteristics......Page 120
4.8.9 Abrasion and Impact Resistance......Page 122
4.8.11 Permeability of Polymer Modifi ed Cementitious Materials......Page 123
4.8.12 Carbonation......Page 124
4.9.1 Bridge Decking......Page 125
4.9.2 Mortars and Renders......Page 126
4.9.4 Primers......Page 127
4.9.5 Ancillary Construction Products......Page 128
References......Page 129
5.2 Natural Fibres......Page 135
5.3.1 Fibre-Reinforced Composites Incorporating Carbon Fibres and Glass Fibres......Page 136
5.4 Long-Term Effect of Incorporating Synthetic Fibres into Cementitious Matrices upon their Physical Performance......Page 137
5.5.1 The Effect of Introducing Fibres into a Cementitious Medium upon the Physical Properties......Page 138
5.5.2 Slump Characteristics......Page 139
5.5.4 Microcracking and Deformation within the Cementitious Matrix......Page 140
5.5.6 The Introduction of a Latex into Fibre Reinforced Concrete......Page 141
5.6 Comparison of Steel and Polymer-Based Fibres upon the Physical Properties of Cementitious Materials......Page 142
5.7.3 Comparison of Different Types of Reinforcement upon the Long-Term Performance of Cementitious Overlays......Page 143
5.7.4 Introduction of Synthetic Fibres into Cementitious Repair Mortar......Page 144
5.7.5 Fibre-Reinforced Resin Composites......Page 145
References......Page 148
6.1 Introduction......Page 151
6.2.2 Solvent-Free and Water-Based Adhesives......Page 152
6.2.3 Hot Melt Adhesives......Page 153
6.3.1 Epoxy Resins......Page 154
6.3.3 Acrylic......Page 155
6.3.6 The Effect of Incorporating Rubber into Adhesives......Page 156
6.4 The Use of Adhesives within the Construction Industry......Page 157
6.5 Automotive and Aerospace Applications......Page 158
6.6.1 Introduction......Page 159
6.6.2 Solvent-Based Coatings......Page 160
6.6.4 Solvent-Free and Water-Based Coatings......Page 161
6.6.5 Common Applications......Page 166
References......Page 168
7 Summary of the Applications and Benefits of Utilising Polymers in Construction......Page 173
References......Page 180
8 Glossary......Page 183
Abbreviations......Page 185
Index......Page 187
