Politics of Peace Agreement Implementation: A Case Study of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) in Bangladesh

Preface
Contents
Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
1.1 Chapter Introduction
1.2 Demographic Composition of Bangladesh
1.3 Overview of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)
1.4 Background of the Research Question
1.5 Research Question, Objectives and Hypotheses
1.6 Originality
1.7 Research Method
1.8 Overview of Chapters
References
2 Politics of Peace Agreement Implementation: Theoretical Reflections
2.1 Chapter Introduction
2.2 Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis
2.2.1 Liberalism, Realism, Neoliberalism and Neorealism
2.2.2 Synthesis of Neoliberalism and Neorealism
2.2.3 Politics
2.2.4 Conceptualisation of Peace
2.2.5 Definition of Peace Agreement
2.2.6 Implementation of Peace Agreement
2.2.7 Operationalisation of the Definitions
2.3 Analytical Framework
2.3.1 State Level
2.3.2 CHT-Based Local Level
2.3.3 International Level
2.4 Theoretical and Analytical Design
2.5 Chapter Conclusion
References
3 From Eruption of the Conflict to Its Management
3.1 Chapter Introduction
3.2 Pre-colonial Period: Beginning of the Erosion of the Hill People’s Autonomy
3.3 British Period (1760–1947): Beginning of the Marginalisation of the Hill People
3.3.1 Political and Administrative Developments
3.3.2 Economic and Socio-Cultural Management
3.3.3 Acquisition of Land and Forests by the British
3.4 Pakistan Period (1947–1971): Continued Marginalisation
3.4.1 Politico-Administrative Changes
3.4.2 Development Projects: Way of Economic Exploitation
3.5 Bangladesh Period (1971–1997)
3.5.1 Sheikh Mujibur Rahman’s Government (1972–1975): The Beginning of Resistance by the Hill People
3.5.2 Military and Quasi-Military Regime (1976–1990)
3.5.3 Land, Forests and the Issue of the Bengali Settlers
3.5.4 Moving Towards Signing of the CHT Peace Agreement (1991–1997)
3.6 Chapter Conclusion
References
4 Assessment of the Implementation Status of the CHT Peace Agreement
4.1 Chapter Introduction
4.2 Factors Underlying Signing of the CHT Peace Agreement
4.3 Key Features of the CHT Peace Agreement and Its Major Subjects
4.4 Implementation Status: A Dispute
4.4.1 Implementation Status Claimed by the Government of Bangladesh (GoB)
4.4.2 Implementation Status Claimed by the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti (PCJSS)
4.4.3 Dispute Regarding Implementation Status as Argued by the GoB and the PCJSS
4.4.4 Summary of Discussion Regarding the Implementation Dispute (Tables 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.10, and 4.11)
4.4.5 Issue of the Bengali Settlers
4.5 Chapter Conclusion
References
5 State Actors and Implementation of the CHT Peace Agreement
5.1 Chapter Introduction
5.2 Response at the Governmental Level
5.2.1 Awami League (AL) as a Ruling Political Party
5.2.2 Political Motives of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) and the Jatiya Party (JP) Towards the CHT Peace Agreement
5.2.3 Constitutional Debate and the Issue of State Sovereignty
5.2.4 Politics of Assuming Power Through Winning National Parliamentary Elections
5.2.5 Selection, Instead of Election, in the CHT-Based Local Bodies
5.3 Role of the Army in the CHT’s Affairs
5.3.1 Army Deployment and Economic Expenses
5.3.2 Administrative Control to Gain Economic Benefit
5.3.3 Political Involvement
5.3.4 Summing-Up of the Army’s Role in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)
5.4 Bureaucracy in the CHT-Based Local Administration
5.4.1 Bureaucratic Non-cooperation
5.4.2 Lack of Coordination Between the CHT’s Institutions
5.4.3 Deputy Commissioners’ Role in the CHT’s Administration
5.4.4 Summary of the Bureaucratic Mindset in the CHT’s Administration
5.5 Chapter Conclusion
References
6 Empirical Study at CHT-Based Local Level
6.1 Chapter Introduction
6.2 Intra-Community Rivalries
6.3 Inter-Community (Bengali Settlers vs. Hill People) Relationships Affecting the CHT Peace Agreement
6.4 Factional Rivalries of the CHT People
6.5 Brief Analysis of Group Dynamics in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)
6.6 Chapter Conclusion
References
7 Empirical Study at International Level
7.1 Chapter Introduction
7.2 Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Case at the International Level
7.3 India’s Role Regarding the CHT Case
7.4 Role of the International Chittagong Hill Tracts Commission
7.5 Development Initiatives of the CHT and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
7.6 Undesirable Examples of International Organisations’ Involvement
7.7 Chapter Conclusion
References
8 Dynamics of Peace Agreement Implementation: Research Findings
8.1 Chapter Introduction
8.2 Findings Through Comprehensive Analysis
8.3 Revisiting the Hypotheses, Objectives and Research Question
8.4 Chapter Conclusion
9 Conclusion
9.1 Revisiting the Findings: Politics in Actors’ Interests
9.2 Policy Recommendations
9.3 Implications
9.4 Comparative Analysis of the CHT Peace Agreement with Other Peace Agreements
9.5 Avenues for Further Research
Appendix 1: Semi-Structured Questionnaire (Checklist)
Appendix 2: List of Interviewees
Appendix 3: Map of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT)
Appendix 4: Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Agreement of 1997
Index