Point-of-Care Biosensors for Infectious Diseases

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1 Biosensors for Infectious Diseases-Fundamentals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Biosensors Fundamental Aspects
1.3 Classifications of Biosensor
1.3.1 Biorecognition Perspective
1.4 Transduction Through Signals
1.4.1 Electrochemical Biosensors
1.4.2 Optical
1.4.3 Thermometric (Calorimetric)
1.4.4 Mass-Sensitive
1.4.5 Electrical
1.5 Conclusions
References
2 Nuts and Bolts of Modern Biosensing Technology: Smart Health Diagnostic Devices
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nuts and Bolts for Point-of-Care (POC) Biosensor-Based Testing
2.2.1 Analytes
2.2.2 Receptors and Sensing Elements
2.2.3 Transducer
2.2.4 Signal Processing Unit
2.3 Advances in Biosensing Technology
2.3.1 Advanced Sensors for Detecting Pathogens
2.3.2 Advanced Biosensors for Monitoring Metabolites
2.4 Conclusion and Prospects
References
3 Disease Related Detection with Electrochemical Biosensors
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Electrochemical Biosensors
3.2.1 Materials
3.2.2 Working Principle
3.3 Immobilization of Different Biomolecules
3.4 Different Types of Techniques Used in EC Biosensors for Detection of Various Diseases
3.4.1 Voltametric Biosensor
3.4.2 Electrochemical DNA Biosensors
3.4.3 Impedance Biosensors
3.4.4 Amperometric Biosensors
3.4.5 Potentiometric Biosensors
3.4.6 Electrochemical Immunosensor
3.5 Conclusion and Future Direction
References
4 Biosensors for Point-of-Care (POC) Applications: The Flag Bearer of the Modern Medicinal Technology to Tackle Infectious Diseases
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Classification of POC Biosensors for Detection of Infectious Diseases
4.2.1 Electrochemical-Based Biosensor
4.2.2 Fluorescence-Based Biosensor
4.2.3 Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-Based Biosensor
4.2.4 Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Biosensor
4.2.5 Chemiluminescence-Based Biosensor
4.2.6 Colorimetric-Based Biosensors
4.2.7 Magnetic-Based Biosensors
4.3 Modern Devices for the Detection of Infectious Diseases
4.3.1 Lab-on-a-Chip Devices and Lab-on-a-Disc Devices
4.3.2 Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical and Lateral Flow Devices
4.3.3 Miniaturized PCR and Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Devices
4.4 Scope and Challenges Associated with the Next-Generation POC Devices
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Organic- and Inorganic-Based Nanomaterials for Healthcare Diagnostics
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Nanomaterials Based on Carbon Allotropes in Healthcare
5.3 Inorganic Nanomaterials in Health Diagnosis
5.4 Organic Nanomaterials in Healthcare Diagnosis
5.5 Future Prospects
References
6 CRISPR/Cas System: Applications in Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Nucleic Acids: Role in the Diagnosis
6.2.1 Deoxyribonucleic Acids
6.2.2 Ribonucleic Acids
6.3 Nucleic Acid Biomarkers in Infectious Diseases
6.4 Nucleic Acid Detection and Limitations
6.5 CRISPR/Cas System
6.5.1 Characteristics Features of Different Cas Effectors
6.5.2 CRISPR in Diagnostics
6.6 Conclusion and Prospects
References
7 Role of Piezoelectric Biosensors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of Piezoelectric Biosensors
7.2.1 Inorganic Piezoelectric Material
7.2.2 Organic Piezoelectric Biosensors
7.3 Application of Piezoelectric Biosensor Devices
7.3.1 Immunosensors Based on Piezoelectric Material
7.3.2 Piezoelectric Device with Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
7.3.3 Piezoelectric Biosensors for Genetic Information
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles-Based Biosensors for Detection of Infectious Diseases
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Biosensors
8.2.1 Electrochemical Biosensors
8.2.2 Colorimetric Biosensors
8.2.3 Fluorescence Biosensors
8.3 Types of Infectious Diseases
8.4 Nanoparticles-Based Biosensors
8.4.1 Recognition of Pathogens
8.4.2 Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles-Based Biosensors
8.5 Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles-Based Biosensors used for Infectious Diseases
8.5.1 Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs)
8.5.2 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs)
8.5.3 Platinum Nanoparticles (PtNPs)
8.5.4 Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs)
8.5.5 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPs)
8.5.6 Miscellaneous Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
8.6 Comparative Studies of Biosensors for Infectious Diseases: Advantages & Limitations
8.6.1 Electrochemical Biosensors
8.6.2 Fluorescence-Based Biosensors
8.6.3 Colorimetric Biosensors
8.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Acknowledgment
References
9 Biosensors for Point-of-Care Applications: Replacing Pathology Labs by Bedside Devices
9.1 Introduction
9.2 POCT Relevance in Healthcare
9.3 Self-Blood Glucose Monitoring
9.3.1 Introduction
9.3.2 Requirements for Self-Glucose Monitoring Device
9.3.3 Types of Sensor-Based Monitoring System
9.4 Methods of Blood Glucose Monitoring
9.4.1 Enzymatic Assay Reaction
9.4.2 Detection Method
9.4.3 Errors Occuring in Blood Glucose Monitoring
9.4.4 POCT for Blood Glucose Monitoring
9.5 BloodGas Analysis
9.5.1 Introduction
9.5.2 Methodologies
9.5.3 Electrochemical Sensors
9.5.4 Optical Sensors
9.5.5 Measurement of the Blood Gas Parameters
9.5.6 pH
9.5.7 PaCO2
9.5.8 PaO2
9.5.9 Glucose and Lactate Metabolites
9.5.10 POCT of Blood Gas Analysis
9.6 Urine Analysis
9.6.1 Introduction
9.6.2 Methodologies
9.6.3 Measurement of the Parameters in the Urine Sample
9.7 Conclusion
References
10 Strategic Synthesis of Diagnostic Novel Materials Against Infectious Diseases
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Detection Needs at the POC
10.2.1 Nanomaterials for Malaria Parasites Detection
10.2.2 Nanomaterials for HIV
10.2.3 Nanomaterials for HBV
10.2.4 Nanomaterials for HPV
10.2.5 Nanomaterials for Dengue Virus
10.2.6 Nanomaterials for Ebola Virus
10.2.7 Nanomaterials for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
10.2.8 Nanomaterials for Zika Virus
10.2.9 Nanomaterials for Biomarkers in Infectious Disease POCT
10.2.10 Nanomaterials for Pathogen Nucleic Acids
10.2.11 Nanomaterials for Antibodies and Proteins
10.3 Technology Advancements in Infectious Disease POCT
10.4 Futuristic Developments
References
11 Development of a Diagnostic Kit for Point-of-Care Biosensors: Fundamentals and Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Evolution of Biosensor
11.3 Biosensors for Point-of-Care Sensing
11.3.1 Fundamentals of Biosensor
11.3.2 Bioreceptors in Biosensor
11.3.3 Transducer in Biosensor
11.3.4 Materials Used to Fabricate Biosensors
11.3.5 Biosensors for Infectious Diseases
11.3.6 Biosensor for the Detection of Dengue
11.3.7 Biosensors for Tuberculosis
11.3.8 Future Scope
11.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
12 Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Infectious Diseases Diagnostics
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Design of Lab-on-a-Chip Devices
12.2.1 Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices (PADs)
12.2.2 Chip-Based Microfluidic LOCs
12.2.3 Chip-Based Microfluidic Device Substrate Materials
12.2.4 Fundamentals of Flow of Liquid in Microchannels
12.2.5 Sampling
12.2.6 Diagnostics Material/Biomarkers in Microfluidic Devices
12.2.7 Signal Generation and Detection
12.3 LOC for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
12.3.1 LOC for Virus Detection
12.3.2 LOC for Detection of Bacteria
References
Index
EULA