Plant Resistance to Insects

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
ACS Symposium Series......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 5
1 Patterns in Defensive Natural Product Chemistry: Douglas Fir and Western Spruce Budworm Interactions......Page 7
Objectives......Page 9
Resistance-Susceptibility Studies......Page 10
Water Stress Studies......Page 12
Resistance - Susceptibility Studies Using Natural Budworm Densities and Defoliation......Page 13
Studies Using Experimental Female Budworm Levels on Non-Infested Trees......Page 14
Water Stress and Budworm Success......Page 15
Douglas-fir Foliage Quality and Resistance to Budworm......Page 16
Implications for Current Plant-Herbivore Theory......Page 20
Acknowledgements......Page 22
Literature Cited......Page 23
2 Physiological Constraints on Plant Chemical Defenses......Page 24
Nitrogen......Page 25
Carbon......Page 29
The Deciduous Forest......Page 30
Deployment of defensive chemicals during leaf expansion.......Page 34
Literature Cited......Page 37
3 Impact of Variable Plant Defensive Chemistry on Susceptibility of Insects to Natural Enemies......Page 40
The Evolutionary Importance of Chemical Variability......Page 42
Variability in Tree Defenses......Page 43
Impact on Natural Enemies......Page 46
Conclusions and Management Prospects......Page 53
Acknowledgements......Page 54
Literature Cited......Page 55
4 Responses of Alder and Willow to Attack by Tent Caterpillars and Webworms: Evidence for Pheromonal Sensitivity of Willows......Page 58
Red Alder Attacked by Tent Caterpillars......Page 59
Sitka Willow Attacked by Tent Caterpillars......Page 62
Sitka Willows Attacked by Fall Webworm......Page 66
Acknowledgements......Page 70
Literature Cited......Page 71
5 Function and Chemistry of Plant Trichomes and Glands in Insect Resistance Protective Chemicals in Plant Epidermal Glands and Appendages......Page 72
Extrafloral Nectaries......Page 73
Trichomes as a Form of Physical Resistance......Page 74
Trichomes and Glands as a Form of Chemical Resistance......Page 75
Toxic and Repellent Allelochemics......Page 78
Insect Resistance to Secondary Plant Allelochemics......Page 90
Host-Plant Resistance and the Pesticide Industry......Page 91
Literature Cited......Page 92
6 Regulation of Synthesis and Accumulation of Proteinase Inhibitors in Leaves of Wounded Tomato Plants......Page 104
Direction and Rate of Flow of the Wound Signal, PIIF......Page 105
In Vitro Synthesis of Pre-Proteinase Inhibitors with mRNA from Wounded Tomato Plants......Page 112
Literature Cited......Page 122
7 Plant Polyphenols and Their Association with Proteins......Page 124
Plant Polyphenols......Page 125
Postscript......Page 135
Literature Cited......Page 137
8 The Role of Natural Photosensitizers in Plant Resistance to Insects......Page 139
Photosensitization......Page 140
Effect of Photosensitizers on Insects......Page 141
Furanocoumarins......Page 144
Polyacetylenes......Page 145
Other compounds......Page 146
Literature Cited......Page 150
9 Natural Inducers of Plant Resistance to Insects......Page 152
Inducers of Plant Resistance or Susceptibility Against Insects......Page 153
Induction of Resistance by Growth Regulators and Herbicides......Page 154
Induction of Resistance by Previous Herbivory......Page 156
Mechanisms of Induced Resistance......Page 158
Potential Uses of Induced Resistance in IPM......Page 165
Induced Resistance and IPM-Concluding Remarks......Page 166
Literature Cited......Page 168
10 Cytochrome P-450 Involvement in the Interactions Between Plant Terpenes and Insect Herbivores......Page 171
Toxicity of terpenes......Page 173
Terpenes as insect attractants and deterrents......Page 174
Pulegone effects on the southern armyworm......Page 176
Terpene involvement in insect reproduction......Page 180
Interaction of terpenes and cytochrome P-450. Metabolism......Page 183
Interactions of terpenes and cytochrome P-450. Induction......Page 185
Literature cited......Page 190
11 Nonpreference Mechanisms: Plant Characteristics Influencing Insect Behavior......Page 194
Physical Factors......Page 196
Chemical Factors......Page 197
Environmental Factors......Page 200
Aggregation and Dispersion......Page 202
Insect Pests of Crucifers......Page 203
Conclusions......Page 204
Literature Cited......Page 205
12 Differential Sensory Perceptions of Plant Compounds by Insects......Page 209
Gustation......Page 210
Olfaction......Page 212
Literature Cited......Page 222
13 Nutrient-Allelochemical Interactions in Host Plant Resistance......Page 225
Defense of Susceptible Plants......Page 226
Neonate Sensitivity......Page 228
Insect Dietetics......Page 230
Acknowledgement......Page 234
Literature Cited......Page 235
14 Chemical Basis for Host Plant Selection......Page 238
Literature Cited......Page 256
15 Detoxication, Deactivation, and Utilization of Plant Compounds by Insects......Page 258
Processing of Plant Natural Products by Herbivores......Page 259
Insect Sequestrators and Plant Allelochemics -- Two Selected Case Studies......Page 265
Literature Cited......Page 267
16 L-Canavanine and L-Canaline: Protective Allelochemicals of Certain Leguminous Plants......Page 269
Canavanine Toxicity and Aberrant Protein Formation......Page 270
Canavanine and Nucleic Acid Metabolism......Page 272
Canavanine and Vitellogenin Production......Page 273
Insectan Canavanyl Protein Production......Page 275
Canaline and Pyridoxal Phosphate Interaction......Page 276
Canaline as an Ornithine Antagonist......Page 278
Literature Cited......Page 279
17 Cytotoxic and Insecticidal Chemicals of Desert Plants......Page 281
Prenylated Quinones......Page 282
Chromenes in the Asteraceae......Page 287
Chromenes and Benzofurans in Desert Shrubs......Page 288
Concluding Remarks......Page 290
Literature Cited......Page 291
Coevolution of Plants and Insects......Page 293
Mechanisms of Host Plant Resistance......Page 295
Insect Resistance in Crop Plants......Page 296
Volatile Lipids......Page 299
Non-Volatile Lipids......Page 302
Literature Cited......Page 312
19 Isolation of Phytoecdysones as Insect Ecdysis Inhibitors and Feeding Deterrents......Page 318
References......Page 335
20 Multiple Factors in Cotton Contributing to Resistance to the Tobacco Budworm, Heliothis virescens F.......Page 336
Materials and Methods1/......Page 339
Results and Discussion......Page 341
Literature Cited......Page 353
B......Page 355
C......Page 356
F......Page 357
I......Page 358
N......Page 359
P......Page 360
S......Page 361
T......Page 362
X......Page 363