Plant and Nanoparticles

Contents
About the Editor
Emerging Trends of Nanoparticles in Sustainable Agriculture: Current and Future Perspectives
1 Introduction
2 Sources of Nanoparticles
2.1 Natural Sources of NPs
2.1.1 Volcanic Eruptions and Forest Fires
2.1.2 Water Bodies
2.1.3 Dust Storms and Cosmic Dust
2.1.4 Biogenic Production
2.2 Anthropogenic Sources
2.2.1 Mobile Sources
2.2.2 Industrial and Stationary Sources
2.2.3 Engineered NPs
2.2.4 Miscellaneous Sources
3 Types of Nanoparticles
3.1 Silver NPs
3.2 Gold NPs
3.3 Magnetic NPs
3.4 Zinc NPs
3.5 Selenium and Tellurium NPs
3.6 Cadmium NPs
3.7 Palladium NPs
4 Applications of Nanoparticles
4.1 Biomedical Applications
4.1.1 Nanomedicine
4.1.2 Targeted Drug Delivery
4.2 Biosensors
4.3 Catalytic Applications
4.4 Agriculture
5 Nanoparticle-Plant Interactions
5.1 Uptake and Translocation Mechanism
5.1.1 Uptake of NPs Through Root
5.1.2 Uptake of NPs via Foliar Spray
5.2 Nanoparticles and Plant Genetic Engineering
6 Nanoparticles as Frontiers in Agriculture
6.1 Nano-farming: Novel Window in Crop Production
6.2 Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery System: New Avenue in Sustainable Agriculture
6.3 Nanofertilizers: Effectual Crop Nutrition
6.4 Nanomaterials in Modulating Crop Production, Quality, and Yield
6.5 Nanoparticles in Stress Management and Plant Protection
7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Nanoparticles in Plant Disease Management
1 Introduction
2 Nanoparticles in Delivery of Herbicides
3 Nanoparticles in Delivery of Insecticides
4 Nanoparticles in Delivery of Fungicides
5 Nanoparticles: Carriers of Pesticides
6 Nano-encapsulation of Pesticides
7 Nanoparticles: Against Plant Pest and Pathogens
8 Conclusion
References
Proteomics of Plant-Nanoparticle Interaction Mechanism
1 Introduction
2 Proteomics to Understand the Interaction Between Plant and Nanoparticles
2.1 Silver Nanoparticles
2.2 Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles
2.3 Iron Nanoparticles
2.4 Zinc Nanoparticles
2.5 Other Nanoparticles
3 Molecular Mechanisms Altered by Nanoparticles
3.1 Energy Regulation in Plants on Exposure to Nanoparticles
3.2 Oxidative Stress
4 Nanoparticle Perception and Method of Action Under Stress Conditions
4.1 Nanoparticles´ Interaction with Soybean
4.2 Nanoparticles´ Interaction with Wheat
5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
Importance of the Secondary Metabolites and Biological Parameter Modification by Metallic, Oxide, and Carbon-Based Nanomateria...
1 Introduction
1.1 Forage Plants
1.2 Nanomaterials and Their Uses in the Agriculture
1.2.1 Nanofertilizers
1.2.2 Nanopesticides
1.2.3 Nanofungicides and Nanobactericides
1.2.4 Protection Against Environmental Stresses
1.2.5 Seed Priming
2 Nanomaterials and the Secondary Metabolism in Plants
3 Metallic Nanoparticle Effects Over Forage Plants
4 Metal Oxides´ Effects Over Forage Plants
5 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials´ (CBNs) Effects Over Forage Plants
6 Conclusion
References
Polymer-Based Nanoparticles (NPs): A Promising Approach for Crop Productivity
1 Introduction
2 Polymer NPs: Types and Preparation Methods
2.1 Chitosan NPs
2.2 Alginate NPs
2.3 Pectin NPs
2.4 Cellulose and Starch NPs
2.5 Lignin NPs
2.6 Polyaspartate NPs
2.7 Beeswax NPs
3 Effects of Polymer-Based NPs on Plants
3.1 Application of NPs as a Growth Promoter
3.2 Application of NPs for Controlling Environmental Stresses
3.2.1 Role of Chitosan-Based NPs in Plants Exposed to Salt Stress
3.2.2 Effect of Chitosan-Based NPs in Plants Exposed to Drought Stress
3.2.3 Impact of Chitosan-Based NPs on Plant Exposed to Heavy Metal Stress
3.2.4 Impact of Chitosan-Based NPs on Plants Exposed to Biotic Stress
3.3 Application of NPs with Biostimulants
3.3.1 Beneficial Microorganisms
3.3.2 Substances and Organic Materials
3.4 Effects of Polymer-Based NPs on Fruit Development and Quality
3.5 The Fate of Polymeric NPs
3.6 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
Plant-Mediated Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles and Their Applications
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of PtNPs
2.1 Chemical Approaches
2.2 Physical Approaches
2.3 Biological Approaches
3 Green Synthesis of PtNPs from Plant Extracts
4 Applications
4.1 Antibacterial Efficacy of PtNPs
4.2 Anticancer Efficacy of PtNPs
4.3 Catalytic and Photocatalytic Performance of PtNPs
5 Concluding Remarks and Future Direction
References
Foliar Application of Metallic Nanoparticles on Crops Under Field Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Different Roles of Engineered Nanomaterials in Agricultural Fields
3 Application of Nanoagrochemicals
4 Role of Properties of Engineered Nanoparticles in Crop-Nanoparticle Interaction
4.1 Surface Modification
4.2 Size
4.3 Shape
4.4 Chemical Composition and Crystal Structure
5 Interaction of Metallic Nanoparticles with Plants After Foliar Application
6 Impact of Engineered Nanoparticles on the Leaf Traits
7 Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Plant Yields and Nutritional Parameters
7.1 Quantitative Improvements in Plant Yields
7.2 Qualitative Improvements in Plant Yields
8 Evaluation of Nanoparticles in the Context of Reproductive and Environmental Safety Through the Palynological Analysis
9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives and Development
References
Phytotoxic Effects of Nanoparticles and Defense Mechanisms in Plants
1 Introduction
2 Methods for the Assessment of Nanoparticle-Induced Phytotoxicity
3 Factors Influencing the Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles
3.1 Physicochemical Characteristics of Nanoparticles
3.2 Species and Growth Stage of Target Plants
3.3 Type and Composition of Culture Medium
3.4 Environmental Factors
4 Uptake and Translocation of Nanoparticles in Plants
4.1 Nanoparticles Uptake
4.2 Translocation of Nanoparticles in Plants
5 Intrinsic Detoxification and Defense Mechanisms in Plants
5.1 Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense System
5.2 Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense System
6 Mechanisms of Nanoparticle-Induced Phytotoxicity
7 Phytotoxic Effects of Nanoparticles
7.1 Effects of Nanoparticles on Seed Germination
7.2 Influence of Nanoparticles on Plant Hormones and Growth
7.3 Impact of Nanoparticles on Grain Quality and Yield
7.4 Effects of Nanoparticles on Photosynthesis
7.5 Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Nanoparticles in Plants
7.6 Transgenerational Effects of Nanoparticles in Plants
8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Plant Molecular Responses to Nanoparticle Stress
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of Plant-Nanoparticle Interaction
2.1 Metal Containing Nanoparticles
2.2 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
3 Nanoparticle´s Role in Stress Mitigation
4 Subcellular Transport and Mobilization of Nanoparticles
5 Gene Expression Analyses in Response to Nanoparticle Stress
6 Molecular Analyses of Plants Under Nanoparticle-Induced Stress
7 Conclusions and Future Perspective
References
Nanoelicitation: A Promising and Emerging Technology for Triggering the Sustainable In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolit...
1 Introduction
2 Different Abiotic Elicitors for Augmentation of Secondary Metabolites
2.1 Carbohydrates
2.2 Minerals
2.3 Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs)
2.4 Light Source
2.5 Chemicals
3 The Era of Nanotechnology and Nanoparticle-Based Elicitation of Secondary Metabolites
3.1 Metallic Nanoparticles
3.2 Metallic Oxide Nanoparticles
3.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
4 Uptake and Internalization of Nanoparticles
5 Mechanism of Triggering Behavior of Nanoparticles
6 Nanotoxicity
7 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Nanomaterials as Unique Carriers in Agricultural Practices for Plant Growth and Development: A State of Current Knowledge
1 Introduction
2 Nanomaterials for Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture
3 Nanomaterials: A New Carrier in Agricultural Development
3.1 Sources and Synthesis
3.1.1 Incidental NMs
3.1.2 Engineered NMs
3.1.3 Naturally Produced NMs
3.1.3.1 By Bacteria
3.1.3.2 By Fungi
3.1.3.3 By Plants
3.1.3.4 By Algae
3.1.3.5 By Viruses
3.2 Synthesis
3.2.1 Synthesis of NMs by Top-Down Method
3.2.2 Synthesis of NMs by Bottom-Up Method
4 Nano-based Essential Metals
4.1 Zinc Based
4.2 Copper Based
4.3 Carbon Based
4.4 Manganese Based
4.5 Titanium Based
4.6 Silver Based
4.7 Silicon Based
4.8 Other Metal Based
5 Mechanism of Nanomaterial Uptake, Translocation, and Action
6 Nanomaterials Interaction and Physiochemical Response of Plants
7 Toxicological Impact and Health Hazards in Agriculture
8 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
References
Nanotechnologies and Sustainable Agriculture for Food and Nutraceutical Production: An Update
1 Sustainable Agriculture in the Era of Nanotechnology
2 Nanotechnologies for Food and Nutraceutical Production
3 Sustainable and Novel Nanomaterials
3.1 Biosynthesized Nanomaterials
3.2 Bioinspired Nanomaterials
4 Application of Nanomaterials in Food Industries
4.1 Food Processing
4.2 Preservatives
4.3 Color Additives
4.4 Nutritional Dietary Supplements
4.5 Polymer Production
5 Food Contact Packaging
5.1 Detection of Pathogens in Food
6 Nanotechnology and Nutraceutical Production
7 Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Nanoparticles in Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Tolerance
7.1 Nanofertilizers
7.2 Nanopesticides
7.3 Nanosensors for Smart Agriculture
8 Current Status, Prospects, and Challenges
8.1 The Need for Legalization, Public Awareness, and Acceptance
8.2 Toxicity/Risk Assessment
8.3 Prospects/Directions
References
Green Synthesis of Plant-Assisted Manganese-Based Nanoparticles and Their Various Applications
1 Introduction
2 Mn and Mn-Based NPs
2.1 Green Synthesis of Mn and Mn-Based NPs
2.2 Eco-Benevolent Production of Mn and Mn-Based NPs Employing Diverse Plant Extract
3 Application of Green Synthesized Mn-Based NPs
3.1 Antimicrobial Agent
3.2 Photocatalytic Agent
4 Future Perspectives
5 Conclusion
References
Biogenic Synthesis of Lead-Based Nanoparticles and Their Recent Applications
1 Introduction
2 Green Fabrication of Pb-Based NPs
2.1 Synthesis of Pb NPs from Microbial Biomass and Plant Extracts
2.2 Synthesis of PbO NPs from Plant Extracts
2.3 Green Synthesis of PbS NPs from Microbial Biomass
3 Recent Applications of Biosynthesized Pb, PbO, and PbS NPs
4 Future Directions and Conclusion
References
Nanofertilizers and Nanopesticides for Crop Growth
1 Nanopesticides
1.1 Silica Nanoparticles
1.2 Silver Nanoparticles
1.3 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
1.4 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
2 Nanofertilizers
2.1 Zeolites
2.2 Nanocomposites
2.3 Super-Absorbent Fertilizers (SAF)
2.4 Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT)
3 Examples of Nanopesticides and Nanofertilizers Synthetic Processes
3.1 Nanopesticides
3.1.1 Polymeric Nanoparticles
3.1.2 Metal and Metal Oxide NPs
3.1.3 Other Nanomaterials
3.2 Nanofertilizers
3.2.1 Physical Synthesis
3.2.2 Chemical Synthesis
3.2.3 Green/Biological Synthesis
4 Potential Applications of Nanopesticides and Nanofertilizers in Agriculture
4.1 Potential Applications of Nanopesticides
4.1.1 Development of Nanoscale Materials Used as Nanofungicides, Nanobactericides, Nanoinsecticides, and Nanoherbicides
4.2 Potential Applications of Nanofertilizers
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
The Janus Face of Nanomaterials: Physiological Responses as Inducers of Stress or Promoters of Plant Growth?
1 Introduction
2 Nanomaterials in Plant Science
3 Agro-Chemical Nano-Interventions: Nanoparticle Application and Uptake by Plant
3.1 Uptake Routes of Nanomaterial by Plants
3.1.1 Nanoparticle Uptake from Roots
3.1.2 Nanoparticle Uptake from Leaves
4 Effect of Application of Nanomaterials on Plant Physiology
4.1 Photosynthetic Apparatus
4.2 Antioxidant Mechanism
4.3 Plant Protein-Nanomaterial Interactions: Alterations in the Plant Proteome Composition
4.4 Disease Resistance
4.5 Drought Resistance
5 Nanoparticles Affect Plant Vegetative Parameters
5.1 Plant Regeneration
5.2 Seedling Vigor
5.3 Yield Attributes
6 Detection of Nanoparticles in Plants: Tracing the Fate of the Applied Nanomaterials in Plant System
6.1 Electron Microscopy Techniques
6.2 Advanced Conjugate Microscopy-Spectroscopy Techniques
6.2.1 X-ray Tomography
6.2.2 Scanning Transmission Microscopy
6.2.3 Other Techniques
7 Conclusion and Future Roadmap
References