Place Naming, Identities and Geography: Critical Perspectives in a Globalizing and Standardizing World

Acknowledgments
Contents
Editor and Contributors
Introduction: Approaching Place Naming Narratives
Methodology
Conclusion
Challenging Conceptual and Theoretical Approaches to Place Naming
Assessing the Validity of Critical Toponymy Perspectives for Understanding Human Perception of Places: An Analytical Framework
Introduction
The Perspectives of Critical Toponymy
Representation of Ideologies and Commemorative Naming
Place Names with Economic Value and Commodification
Place Names as Cultural Heritage and Language Issues
Understanding Place Perception from Critical Toponymy Perspectives
Memory
Formation of Discourses
Politics and Power Exercise for Discourses
The Case of Stalingrad Versus Volgograd
Background of the Name Changes
Conflicting Memories
Discourses
Exercise of Politics and Power
A Summary
Conclusion
References
Legacies and Place Naming: Perspectives from Korea and Japan
Introduction
Reflections on the Cartography-Digitalization Nexus
Googlization and Cartography
Alternative Policies for Naming Considered by Google and Others
Names from Authoritative International Institutions
Remarks on the Google Narrative
International Hydrological Organization (IHO)
International and National Geographical Societies and Associations
Japan and Korea—Geographical Societies
Maps and Realpolitik
Donghae: East Sea Versus Sea of Japan
Islands: Dokdo Versus Takeshima
The Geopolitics of Emotions
Museums: Territorial Narratives, Projections, and Mind-Maps
Takeshima Day
Korean Grievances
Conclusions
References
Place Naming and Neotoponymy: French Experiences Through the Lens of a Theoretical Framework
Introduction
Neotoponymy: A Framework
The Neotoponymy of the French Revolutionary New Territorial Order
The Neotoponymy of the Contemporary French Territorial Restructuring: Administrative Regions and New Communes
Conclusion
References
Geographical Names in Argentina: Present and Challenges
Introduction
Global Context of the Geospatial Information
Technological Context, New Paradigms, and Trends
Geographical Names in the Current Global Scenario
Geographical Names in the Argentine Republic
Argentine Local Context: Territorial Characteristics and Spatial Occupation Processes
Management of Geographical Names in Argentina: Response of the Actors Involved
Associated Actions
Problems and Challenges of Toponymic Management in Argentina
Conclusions
Argentine Toponymy: Selected Cases
References
Toponymy, Scale and the Change of Scale. A Geographical and Linguistic Challenge
Introduction
Toponymy, Mapping and Scale: A Complex Relationship
The Toponym, a Concept of Imprecise Delimitation
The Geographical Perspective: The Spatiality of the Toponym
On the Particular Interaction Between Toponyms and Cartography: The Scale Factor
The Change of Scale in Toponymy: Fundamental Questions
A Case Study: The Mapping of Toponyms Alluding to Plants and Vegetation in the Cadastral Cartography of La Rioja
Preliminary Notes: The Scale Factor in Toponymy Related to Vegetation
A Way of Representing a Toponym Based on the “Territorial Area” of Its Meaning
Some Technical Characteristics of Cadastral Toponymy and a Recent Innovation: The Creation of Spatially Referenced Toponymic Databases
Auxiliary Procedures in Cadastral Mapping for the Analysis of Phytotoponymy: Some Examples
Conclusions
References
The Mystery of Hydronomy in the Land of Israel
Introduction: ‘Whose Gulf is It?’
Naming of Places and Geographical Elements in Israel
Who is Responsible for Naming in Israel?
The Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba—Geography and History
Managing the Gulf
History of Naming the Eilat Gulf
Naming of the Gulf in Maps
The Dead Sea
The Sea of Galilee
The Education System’s Role in Using Geographical Names
Discussion and Summary
References
United Nations Capacity Building in Toponymy
UNGEGN Set Up Training Programmes
How Did UNGEGN Training Evolve Until 2020?
Contact Courses
Web Course
Manuals
With What Aspects of Names Collecting and Processing Must Toponymy Staff Be Familiar?
Fieldwork Preparation
Fieldwork
Office Treatment
Authorizing Geographical Names
With What Aspects of Databases, Gazetteers and Name Servers Must Toponymy Staff Be Familiar?
Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Database Training
Aspects of Designing a Geographical Names Database
Requirements for Efficient Database Management and Updating
Publication of Derived Geographical Names Products, Servers and Applications from the Database
Qualifications for Lecturers, Participants, and Teaching Conditions
What Must Toponymy Lecturers Know About the Functioning of UNGEGN?
UNGEGN Structure and Resources
How Can UNGEGN Help?
Outlook
References
Approaches to Implementing Standardization of Place Names
Standardization of Geographical Names on Land and Sea in Slovenia
Introduction
Types of Geographical Names
Standardization of Geographical Names Introduction
Standardization of Geographical Names on National Maps
Gazetteer for a 1:1,000,000 Map
Gazetteer for a 1:250,000 Map
Register of Geographical Names
Marine Geographical Names
The 1:1,000,000 Scale
The 1:250,000 Scale
The 1:25,000 Scale
The 1:5,000 Scale
Standardization of Country Names
Standardization of Settlement Names
Standardization of Exonyms
Standardization of Bilingual Geographical Names
Slovenian Geographical Names as Exonyms
Conclusion
References
The New Zealand Geographic Board and the Contested Nature of Place Names in New Zealand
Introduction
Context
Recent Trends of Place Naming in Aotearoa New Zealand
The Role and Scope of the New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa
Conclusions
References
Theorising Multiple Place Names in Southern Africa
Introduction
Place Name Multiplicity
Metaphors of Palimpsest and Rainbow Nation in Relation to Multiple Place Names
Politics of Legacies in Zimbabwean Toponyms
Colonial/Apartheid and Indigenous Toponyms Coexisting in Post-apartheid South Africa
Conclusion
References
Conflicts and Challenges in the Standardisation of Geographical Names in Spain
The Importance of Toponymic Normalisation
Toponymic Normalisation in Spain
Challenges and Problems of Toponymic Standardisation
The Resolution of Toponymic Conflicts from a Geographical Perspective
Semantic and Linguistic Considerations
Coherence of the Toponym with the Geographical Context in Which It is Used
Historical/Geographical Aspects
Legal, Jurisdictional and Administrative Considerations
Socio-Economic Considerations
Social and Political Conflicts
Specific Considerations of Each Individual Toponym
Conclusion
References
Language Policies in the Field of Toponymy: Perspectives on Spain
Introduction
The State Commission and the Regional Commissions
Basque Country (Euskadi) and Navarra
Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia
Linguistic Aspects
One Language and More Than One Academy
Castilianization and Standardization
The Importance of City Councils
Conclusions
References
Urban Toponymy in Turkey
Introduction
Urban Toponymy in Turkey: On-Street Names
Urban Toponymy in Turkey: On Neighborhood Names
Urban Toponymy in Turkey: On Critical Perspective
Conclusion
References
Cultural Crossroads in Toponymy: Case Study of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Introduction
Name of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pre-slavic Toponymic Layer
Slavic Toponymic Layer
Ottoman Toponymic Layer
Toponymic Changes in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century
Toponymy and Contemporary Socio-Political Contexts
Conclusion
References
Geo-Histories, Legacies, and Toponymy Transitions
Giving Identity to Space Through (Re)Naming: Practice of Village Renaming in the Period of the Republic of Turkey
Introduction
Toponymy in Anatolia Before the Republican Period
Settlements and Practice of Toponymy in Anatolia
Naming and Renaming as Identity Construction
Practice of Place Name Change in the Republican Era (1924–2013)
The Process Reverses: Democratization and the Return of Old Names (2013 on)
Conclusion
References
Geo-History of the Toponymy of Mohács Plain, SW Hungary
Introduction
Multicultural Society on the Mohács Plain
Literature Review and Methods
Physical or Geographical Features and Their Linguistic Representation
1700
Linguistic Landscape Before Magyarization
The Border and Its Influence on Toponymy
Magyarization, Remembrance Politics, Battle of Mohacs
Conclusion
References
Recreating the Future: Modern Residential Neighbourhood and Existing Toponyms in Sarajevo
Introduction
Interpretation of the Topology of Sarajevo
Story of Sarajevo's Toponymy
Topology of the Habitational Structure of Sarajevo’s Historical Core
Sarajevo’s Post-WWII Urban Development: A Socio-Economic Perspective
The Spatio-Functional, Design and Cultural Characteristics of Modern Residential Neighbourhoods
Housing Policy: Rational and Continuous Mass Construction
Examples of Completely Planned Modern Residential Neighbourhoods
Grbavica: From Landscaped Units into the Pavilion-Based Neighbourhood
Čengić Vila: An Historic Building Name, Important to the “Scattered” Residential Neighbourhood
Hrasno: From Village to Pavilion-Based Residential Neighbourhood with a Public Core
Alipašin Most and Alipašino Polje: From Arable Land and a Bridge into Residential Neighbourhood of Mega-Blocks and Green Squares
Dobrinja: From Village into “New Type” Combined Residentia Neighbourhood
Recomposing Modern Residential Neighbourhoods: The Third Level of Transformation
Conclusion
References
Street Naming in Malta as a Geo-Cultural and Political Exercise as Seen from Local Sources
Introduction: “What’s in a Name?”
Street Names in Onomastic Research
A Palimpsest of Tongues in Malta
Valletta: The Changes in Street Names of the Capital
A Historical Geography of Secular and Religious Street Names
The Mid-Nineteenth Century
The Early Twentieth Century
Street-Naming Regulations
Contemporary Geo-Cultural Aspects
Again…. “What’s in a Name?”
Toponomy and Contemporary Socio-Political Context
Conclusion
References
Toponymic Study of the Map of New Lusitania: A Portuguese Cartographic Monument from the Eighteenth Century
Introduction
The Versions of the New Lusitania Map
The Toponymy of New Lusitania
Toponymic Extraction Methodology Applied to the 1798 Version
Extraction and Identification of Toponyms
Linguistic Identification
Comparison of the Toponym with the Other Versions
Spelling Divergence Between Toponyms
Divergence in Name and Identical Toponyms in Different Positions
Number of Existing Toponyms in Each Version
Conclusions
References
Names and Naming of Collective Farms in (the) Soviet Estonia
Introduction
Place Naming in Estonia and the Collective Farms
Evolution of Collective Farms’ Names in the Soviet Estonia
Person’s Names in Collective Farms’ Names in (the) Soviet Estonia
The Place Name Changes in Post-Soviet Estonia
Conclusions
References
Toponymy: Narratives, Languages, Culture, and Education
Reading Ireland’s Colonial and Postcolonial Toponymic Landscapes
Introduction
Place Names in Ireland: An Overview
The Colonial Toponymic Imprint
Colonial Urban Naming
Standardising and Mapping Place Names: The Role of the Ordnance Survey
Erasing the Colonial Imprint: Post-Colonial Place Naming
Naming in Modern Ireland
Protecting, Recording and Promoting Place Names as Integral Parts of Cultural Landscape and Heritage
Conclusion
References
Translating Topographies: Brian Friel’s Approach to Language, Landscape, and Toponymy in Ireland
Introduction
Overview
Writing Translations
Placing Baile Beg / Ballybeg
Mapping Translations
Gaelic Language Diaspora
Conclusion
Notes
The Overlaid Past: The Politics of Space and Memory in Gibraltar’s ‘Doubling’ Street Naming Principle
Introduction
The Mapping of a British Gibraltar: 18th Century
19th–20th Century Gibraltar
The Recovery and ‘Immortalisation’ of Traditional Street Names
Conclusions
From Historical to New Place Names. The Case of Italy
Introduction
Interest in Geo-toponomastic Studies in Italy
Place Name Collections and Revision of Place Names on Maps
Metaphor and Landscape in Place Names
Place Names and the Environment
Naming Strategies and New Place Names
Geographical Information Systems and Place Names
Concluding Remarks
Geographical Names as Indicators of the Environment: Case Study in Bandung Basin, West Java, Indonesia
Introduction
Challenges Preserving Geographical Names
The Bandung Basin
Cultural Collective Memories
Generic Terms of Hydronym in Sundanese
Earthquake Mitigation for Bandung Basin
Contemporary Geographical Names and Tourism
Conclusion
References
The Vital Question of Placenames and Naming of Places in Geographical Education: Concepts, Activities, and Questions for Reflection
Introduction: The Importance of Unpacking Placenames in Geographical Education
Introducing Placenames in the Classroom: Purpose, Meanings, Collection and Perceptions
Toponyms as Clues to the Past
Processes of Naming as a Reflection of Power Dynamics
Changing Attitudes to Indigenous Names and Contested Names
Placenames and Resistance
Placename Studies as a Vehicle to Build Empathy and Citizenship
Concluding Remark
The Relationship Between Geographical Naming and Cultural Politics
The Nexus Between Geographical Naming, Place, and the Politics of Power
Introduction
Challenging Conceptual and Theoretical Approaches to Place Naming
Approaches to Implementing Standardization of Place Names
Geo-Histories, Legacies, and Toponymy Transitions
Toponymy: Narratives, Languages, Culture, and Education
References