This brief describes the theory and evidence of a form of social control known as place management. Created by property owners, place management is an alternative to the two other domains of social control: formally created by the state and informally created by residents. It helps explain the high concentration of crime and disorder at a relatively small proportion of addresses and facilities. This volume examines the specifics of place management and extends it in three ways: to show how high crime places may radiate crime into their surroundings; to reveal networks of places that create crime hotspot spanning blocks; to demonstrate how networks of place managers influence crime throughout neighborhoods. Finally, it shows that the policy implications of place management extend far beyond the police and should include regulatory policies.
Author(s): John E. Eck, Shannon J. Linning, Tamara D. Herold
Series: SpringerBriefs in Criminology: SpringerBriefs in Crime and Place
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 121
City: Cham
About This Book
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Places and Crime
Social Control Hidden in Plain Sight
Place, Place Managers, and Place Management
The Concentration of Crime at Places
The Argument That Follows
References
Chapter 2: Why Some Places Are Bad
Explanation 0: It’s Random
Explanation 1: Reporting Bias
Explanation 2: Size Matters
Explanation 3: Repeat Victimization
Explanation 4: Hot Products
Explanation 5: Offender Concentration
Explanation 6: Repeat Offenders
Explanation 7: Inadequate Guardianship
Explanation 8: Poor Handling
Explanation 9: Low Informal Social Control
Explanation 10: Bad Physical Design
Too Many Explanations
Appendix: Three Explanations for Proximal Place Crime Concentration
References
Chapter 3: Place Management
Place Managers
The Four Functions of Place Management
Organization of Space
Regulation of Conduct
Control of Access
Acquisition of Resources
Place Management as a Keystone Explanation
Organization of Space
Regulation of Conduct
Control of Access
Acquisition of Resources
Crime Prevention Within Places
Situational Crime Prevention
Evidence Situational Prevention Works at Places
Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Sources of Powers
Being Explicit About Sources of Control Powers
Defining Forms of Control
What Is Community Informal Social Control?
X: Actors
A: Actions
T: Targets
G: Goals
P: Powers
The Source of Power of Place Managers
Property Rights
Rights That May Be Included in a Bundle of Rights
Authority, Power, and Social Control
References
Chapter 5: Place Manager Failures and Successes
Why Some Fail But Most Do Not
Controls on Place Managers
Failures
Conclusions
References
Chapter 6: The Extended Place Manager I: Crime Radiation
Introduction
Do Some Facilities Radiate Crime to Their Purlieus?
The Diffusion of Crime Control Benefits and Its Implications
Direct Evidence for Radiation
Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: The Extended Place Manager II: Hidden Crime-Involved Places and Place Networks
Introduction
Place Types and Crime Functions
Crime Sites
Convergence Settings
Comfort Spaces
Corrupting Spots
Networked Places and Violent Crime Hot Spots
Tackling Crime-Involved Place Networks
Place Network Investigations (PNI)
Place Network Investigations Evidence
Conclusions
References
Chapter 8: The Extended Place Manager III: Place Networks for Safety
Jane Jacobs’ Eyes on the Street
Jane Jacobs’ Constant Succession of Eyes
How Place Managers Expand Their Control
Implications
References
Chapter 9: Reducing Crime at High-Crime Places
The Limits of Hot Spots Patrols
The Advantages of Problem-Oriented Policing
The Centrality of Regulation
Regulating the Means for Reducing Crime
Regulating the Ends of Crime Prevention
A Comprehensive Place-Based Strategy
References
Chapter 10: Rethinking the Forms of Social Control
Thinking About Crime and Its Control
The Problems of Neighborhood Thinking
Forms of Control
State Control
Place Management
Self-Control
Interpersonal Control
Overlaps and Layers
Four Questions
References
Index
