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Pipeline Valve Technology: A Practical Guide

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This book covers the life cycle of pipeline valves, the largest and most essential valves in offshore pipeline engineering. Discussing the design process, testing, production, transportation, installation, and maintenance, the book also covers the risk analysis required to assess the reliability of these valves.

Pipeline valves require particular attention to ensure they are safely designed, installed, and maintained, due to the high stakes. Failure would result in environmental pollution, the destruction of expensive assets, and potential loss of life. Proper installation and upkeep require specialist processes throughout the life cycle of the valve. This book is a key guide to these processes. Beginning by looking at the design of pipeline valves, this book details how conserving weight and space is prioritized, how materials are chosen, how thickness is calculated, and how leakage is minimized. It then discusses production and specific welding techniques to bond dissimilar materials, alongside casting and machining. Building on other discussions in the text with case studies and questions and answers for self-study, this book is the ideal guide to pipeline valves.

This book will be of interest to professionals in the industries of offshore oil and gas, material engineering, coatings, mechanical engineering, and piping. It will also be relevant to students studying coating and welding, or mechanical, piping, or petroleum engineering.

Author(s): Karan Sotoodeh
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 236
City: Boca Raton

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgment
Author Biography
Chapter 1: Introduction and General Features
1.1 Introduction
1.2 General Features
1.2.1 Valve Types
1.2.2 Bore Requirement
1.2.3 Access to the Valve Internals
1.2.4 Connection to the Pipeline
1.2.5 Metallic Seats
1.2.6 Trunnion-Mounted Ball
1.2.7 Design Standards
1.2.8 Valve Operator
1.3 Cross-section Drawing and Part List
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 2: Material Selection
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Material Selection
2.2.1 Body and Bonnet
2.2.2 Valve Internals (Trim)
2.2.3 Bolting (Bolts and Nuts)
2.2.4 Pup Piece and Transition Piece
2.2.5 Seal
2.2.6 Stem Bearing
2.2.7 Spring
2.3 Coating
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 3: Double Isolation and Bleed Concept
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Pipeline Valves DIB Concept
3.3 DIB Effects on the Valve Design
3.4 DIB2 and Valve Marking
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 4: Design for Weight Reduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Design for Weight Reduction
4.2.1 Wall Thickness Calculation and Validation
4.2.1.1 Wall Thickness Calculation
4.2.1.2 Wall Thickness Validation
4.2.1.2.1 Finite Element Analysis
4.2.1.2.1.1 Load Combination and Scenarios
4.2.1.2.1.2 Modeling and Analysis
4.2.1.2.2 Load Test (Bending Moment Test)
4.2.2 Cylindrical Nuts
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 5: Seat Scrapers and Flushing Ports
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Wax Dissolution in Seats
5.2.1 Sealant Injection Fittings
5.2.2 Flushing Ports
5.2.3 Flushing Fluid
5.2.4 Flushing Procedure
5.3 Particles Ingress Prevention in Seats
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 6: Manufacturing Process
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Pipeline Valves Manufacturing Processes
6.2.1 Kick-off Meeting and Engineering
6.2.2 Purchasing or Manufacturing Raw Materials
6.2.2.1 Casting
6.2.2.2 Forging
6.2.3 Welding
6.2.4 Machining
6.2.5 Inspection and Quality Control
6.2.6 Assembly of Valves
6.2.6.1 Body and Bonnet Bolts Tightening
6.2.6.2 Marking
6.2.7 Testing
6.2.8 Coating or Painting
6.2.9 Preservation and Packing
6.2.10 Final Inspection
6.2.11 Shipment
Questions & Answers
More pictures
Bibliography
Chapter 7: Welding Technology
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Valve End Connections
7.2.1 Standard ASME Flange
7.2.2 Mechanical Joint (Hubs and Clamps)
7.2.3 Compact Flange
7.2.4 Wafer Connection
7.2.5 Threaded Connection
7.2.6 Welded Connections
7.2.6.1 Socket Weld
7.2.6.2 Butt Weld
7.3 A Case Study of Welding Between Pipeline Valves and Two Oil and Gas Export Pipelines
7.3.1 Pipeline Material Selection
7.3.2 Pup and Transition Pieces
7.3.3 Weld Joint NDTs
7.3.4 Pipeline Valves Welding
7.3.5 Welding Qualification at the Construction Yard
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 8: Actuation
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Actuators’ Sources of Power
8.2.1 Pneumatic Air
8.2.2 Hydraulic
8.2.3 Electrical
8.3 Actuator Choices for Pipeline Valves
8.3.1 Scotch and Yoke Actuator
8.3.2 Linear Actuator
8.3.3 Electrical Actuator
8.4 Actuator Selection for Pipeline Valves
8.5 Actuator Selection Case Study
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 9: Testing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Test Procedure
9.3 Test Preparation
9.4 Test Setup
9.5 Type of Tests
9.5.1 Hydrostatic High-Pressure Body or Shell Test
9.5.1.1 Safety Relief Valve Test
9.5.2 Hydrostatic High-Pressure Seat or Closure Tests
9.5.3 Hydrostatic Functional and Torque Measurement Tests
9.5.4 Hydrostatic Cavity Tests
9.5.4.1 Both Seats Are SR
9.5.4.2 Double Isolation and Bleed (DIB1)
9.5.4.3 Double Isolation and Bleed (DIB2)
9.5.5 Backseat Test
9.5.6 Air or Gas Low-Pressure Seat or Closure Tests
9.5.7 High-Pressure Gas Body or Shell Test
9.5.8 High-Pressure Gas Seat or Closure Test
9.5.9 Drift Test
9.5.10 Electrical Continuity Test
9.5.11 Fire Test
9.5.11.1 Fire Test According to API 6FA
9.5.11.2 Fire Test for Pipeline Valves
9.5.11.3 Fire Thermal Simulation and Analysis Case Study
9.6 Actuators Testing
9.6.1 Hydraulic Actuators Testing
9.6.2 Electrical Actuators Testing
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 10: Preservation and Packing
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Preservation Types
10.2.1 General Preservation
10.2.2 Internal Preservation
10.2.3 External Preservation
10.3 Packing
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 11: Handling, Lifting, and Transportation
11.1 Handling
11.2 Lifting
11.3 Transportation
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 12: Installation, Operation, and Maintenance
12.1 Installation and Operation
12.1.1 Storage Before Installation
12.1.2 Valve Installation and Operation on the Pipeline
12.2 Maintenance
12.2.1 Emergency Sealant Injection
12.2.1.1 Sealant Injection on Seats
12.2.1.2 Sealant Injection on Stem
12.2.2 Minor External Leakage Repairs
12.2.2.1 Sealant Injection Fitting
12.2.2.2 Vent and Drain Blind Flanges
12.2.2.3 Modular Valves on the Seat Flushing Ports
12.2.3 Major External Leakage Repairs
12.2.4 Internal Leakages
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Chapter 13: Safety and Reliability
13.1 Introduction to Shutdown Systems
13.2 Safety Integrity Level
13.2.1 SIL Case Study for a Pipeline Valve
13.3 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis
13.3.1 FMEA Case Study for Pipeline Valves
13.4 Results and Discussion
Questions & Answers
Bibliography
Index