This volume presents the contributions delivered at the "Josef-Loschmidt-Sympo sium," which took place in Vienna, June 25-27, 1995. The symposium was arranged to honor Josef Loschmidt one hundred years after his death (8 July 1895), to evaluate the sig nificance of his contributions to chemistry and physics from a modem point of view and to trace the development of scientific fields in which he had done pioneering work. Loschmidt is widely known for the first calculation of the size of molecules (1865/66), which also led to values for the number of molecules in unit gas volume and for the mass of molecules. With critical analyses of problems in statistical physics he made important contributions to the development of that field, "Loschmidt's paradoxon" continuing to be a point of departure for present day studies and discussions. For decades there was little awareness that Loschmidt was a pioneer in organic struc tural chemistry. Only in recent years has Loschmidt's first scientific publication "Chemis che Studien I", published in 1861, become more widely known and it is now recognized that with his ideas on the structure of organic molecules he was greatly ahead of the chemists of that time. The papers in these proceedings are arranged in three sections: l. Organic structural chemistry (Chapters 1-12). 2. Physics and physical chemistry (Chapters 13-26). 3. Loschmidt's biography, Loschmidt's world (Chapters 27-33).
Author(s): Max F. Perutz (auth.), W. Fleischhacker, T. Schönfeld (eds.)
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer US
Year: 1997
Language: English
Pages: 320
Tags: Organic Chemistry;Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics
Front Matter....Pages i-xi
The Significance of the Hydrogen Bond for Physiology....Pages 1-13
Natural Product Structure Elucidation: 1950 → 2000....Pages 15-24
Conformational Analysis....Pages 25-39
Thoughts and Experiments on a Chemical Etiology of Nucleic Acid Structure....Pages 41-64
Loschmidt’s Graphic Formulae of 1861....Pages 65-80
Spheres from Dalton to Loschmidt....Pages 81-87
Josef Loschmidt’s Last Scientific Publication: “Stereochemische Studien I”....Pages 89-99
Richard Anschütz, Archibald Scott Couper, and Josef Loschmidt....Pages 101-107
Organic Chemistry in Austria and Loschmidt’s “Chemische Studien”....Pages 109-118
Loschmidt and Venn....Pages 119-127
Loschmidt’s Achievements and Shortcomings in Elucidating the Structure of Organic Molecules....Pages 129-131
Configurational Stability and Reactions of Benzylic Carbanions with an Acyloxy or Dialkylphosphoryloxy Substituent....Pages 133-138
The Precise Determination of Loschmidt’s Number (Avogadro Constant) as a Step towards a Redefinition of the SI Unit of Mass....Pages 139-151
Loschmidt’s Reversibility Argument and the H-Theorem....Pages 153-157
The Arrow of Time....Pages 159-162
Stability of Matter....Pages 163-178
Visualization and Nanomanipulation of Molecules in the Scanning Tunnelling Microscope....Pages 179-191
Considerations about the “Constitution of the Ether”....Pages 193-197
Four Papers by Loschmidt on the State of Thermal Equilibrium....Pages 199-202
Loschmidt’s Papers “Experimental-Untersuchungen über die Diffusion von Gasen ohne Poröse Scheidewände”....Pages 203-206
The Periodic System of the Elements and Prout’s Hypothesis....Pages 207-215
Josef Loschmidt and the Reality of Molecules....Pages 217-222
Loschmidt’s Article “On the Size of Air Molecules” and Subsequent Work on Related Aspects of Atomistics....Pages 223-232
Microscopic Time-Reversibility and Macroscopic Irreversibility — Still a Paradox?....Pages 233-248
Imaging of Atomic Structures of Metals and Alloys by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy....Pages 249-255
Trace Gas Analysis with Integrating Spheres....Pages 257-262
Josef Loschmidt—Some Biographical Remarks....Pages 263-267
From Curiosity to Passion....Pages 269-276
Scientific Discussion and Friendship between Loschmidt and Boltzmann....Pages 277-281
Josef Loschmidt’s Economic Ideas....Pages 283-287
Chemical Education in the Habsburg Monarchy’s Universities and Technical Colleges around 1861....Pages 289-296
The Development of Chemical Formulae and Equations....Pages 297-300
The Leading Chemical Company in the Habsburg Empire....Pages 301-305
Erratum....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Conformational Analysis....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Thoughts and Experiments on a Chemical Etiology of Nucleic Acid Structure....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Organic Chemistry in Austria and Loschmidt’s “Chemische Studien”....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Considerations about the “Constitution of the Ether”....Pages 321-321
Erratum to: Trace Gas Analysis with Integrating Spheres....Pages 321-321
Back Matter....Pages 307-320
