Phytorestoration of Abandoned Mining and Oil Drilling Sites

Front-Matter_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-Mining-and-Oil-Drilling-Site
Copyright_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-Mining-and-Oil-Drilling-Sites
Copyright
Dedication_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-Mining-and-Oil-Drilling-Sites
Dedication
Contributors_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-Mining-and-Oil-Drilling-Site
Contributors
Acknowledgment_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-Mining-and-Oil-Drilling-Si
Acknowledgment
Chapter-1---Phytoremediation--A-sustainable_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandon
Phytoremediation: A sustainable method for cleaning up the contaminated sites
Introduction
Environmental contamination
Sources of HMs
Natural sources of HMs
Anthropogenic processes
Toxicity of HMs
Toxicity to plants
Toxicity to animals
Remedial measures (traditional measures)
Soil washing
Soil excavation
Electrokinetic treatment
Stabilization/solidification
Phytoremediation
Phytoextraction
Phytostabilization
Phytovolatilization
Rhizofiltration
Phytodegradation
Mechanisms of phytoremediation
Plant soil interaction and bioactivation of contaminants
Contaminant accumulation and translocation into aerial parts
Metal excluder plants
Metal indicator plants
Metal accumulator plants
Hyperaccumulator plants
Mechanisms behind metal accumulation and their translocation
Mechanisms of contaminant tolerance in plants
Molecular mechanisms of phytoremediation of toxicants
Phytomining a win-win aspect of phytoremediation
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-2---Phytoremediation-of-abandoned-min_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Aband
Phytoremediation of abandoned mining areas for land restoration: Approaches and technology
Background
Physicochemical characteristics of mine soils
Remediation of abandoned mining areas
Physical remediation
Soil replacement
Soil isolation
Soil vitrification
Electrokinetic remediation
Chemical methods
Immobilization
Encapsulation
Soil washing
Native plants revegetated and surveyed in mining areas
Phytoremediation of abandoned mining areas
Phytoextraction in mine areas
Phytostabilization
Phytovolatilization
Phytodegradation
Rhizodegradation
Transgenic approaches in phytoremediation
Energy plants potential in phytoremediation
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Conflict of interest
References
Chapter-3---Efficient-utilization-of-plant-b_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abando
Efficient utilization of plant biomass after harvesting the phytoremediator plants
Introduction
Phytoremediation using plants with economic benefits
Bioenergy crops
Metal hyperaccumulator plants
Aromatic and medicinal plants
Ornamental plants
Methods for effective use of biomass of phytoremediator plants obtained during growth and after harvesting
Bioenergy production
Extraction of heavy metals
Essential oil extraction
Conclusions and future prospects
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-4---Characteristics-of-mining-spoiled-and-_2021_Phytorestoration-of-
Characteristics of mining spoiled and oil drilling sites and adverse impacts of these activities on the environment and hum ...
Introduction
The type and characteristics of mining dumping sites
Coal mining
Crude/mineral oil
Bauxite mining
Iron ore mining
Copper and manganese mining
Uranium mining
Environmental contamination from mining
Impact on the air contamination
Impact on water contamination
Impact on soil and soil microorganism
Impact on plants
Impact on human beings
Social impact of mining
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-5---Phytorestoration-of-abandone_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-
Phytorestoration of abandoned ash-ponds by native algal strains
Introduction
Methodology
Sampling sites
Characterization of physicochemical studies of the selected water bodies and effluents
Collection and characterization of algal strains
Analysis of metal and metalloid contents in collected algal samples
Statistical analysis
Results and discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-6---Mine-tailings-phytoremediati_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-
Mine tailings phytoremediation in arid and semiarid environments
Introduction
Impact of past mining activity in Chile: Tailings
Mine tailings phytoremediation of in arid and semiarid environments
Endemic and native species in mining areas in arid and semiarid environments
The effect of the amendment on tailing availability
Assessment of phytoremediation potential of mine tailings using (results of a case study)
A. atacamensis
A. nummularia
P. tamarugo
G. rigens
P. hortorum
S. molle
Limitations of phytoremediation of mine tailings in arid and semiarid regions
Conclusions
References
Chapter-7---Phytoreclamation-of-abandoned-ac_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abando
Phytoreclamation of abandoned acid mine drainage site after treatment with fly ash
Introduction
Environmental impacts of mining and drilling and need for remediation
Coal fly ash: Properties and use for mine reclamation
Treatment of acid mine drainage with fly ash
Filling underground mines with fly ash
Application of fly ash for surface mining
Phytoremediation of fly ash treated mine site and construction of a phytocover
Different types of phytoremediation
Ecorestoration and development of phytocap
Forest reclamation on abandoned mines
Post reclamation mine condition and evaluation of restoration success
Some successful case studies on reclamation of abandoned mines
Challenges and opportunities in phytorestoration of fly ash treated mines
Conclusion
References
Chapter-8---Chromium-phytoaccumulation-in-lemongrass-_2021_Phytorestoration-
Chromium phytoaccumulation in lemongrass grown on chromium contaminated soil: Phytostabilization approach for chromium reco ...
Introduction
Physicochemical properties of overburden soil
Lemongrass for the restoration of mine soil of Sukinda
Plants response to chromium toxicity
Chelate and metal-assisted phytoextraction of chromium from overburden soil
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-9---Phytorestoration-of-mine-spoiled---Ev_2021_Phytorestoration-of-A
Phytorestoration of mine spoiled: “Evaluation of natural phytoremediation process occurring at ex‑tin mining catchment”
Introduction
Characteristics of abandoned mine site
Composition of mine waste
Mining methods on soil
The occurrence and mechanisms of heavy metal concentration at mine sites
Impact of heavy metal on communities and health
Contaminants sources and pathways of heavy metals
Weathering of mine spoils
Fluvial dispersion
Atmospheric dispersion
Gravitational dispersion
The overall concept of phytorestoration
Phytoremediation of mine spoil
Phytoextraction
Phytostabilization
Phytodegradation (phytotransformation)
Rhizofiltration
Phytovolatization
Bioremediation
Vetiver grass
Phytostimulation and transformation
Some abandoned tin mining sites across the world
Removal of heavy metals using phytoremediation in Malaysia
A case study in Bestari Jaya, peninsular Malaysia national phytoremediation process occurring at ex-tin mining ...
Study area
Plant species performance in the setup
Recommendation and future work
Conclusion
References
Chapter-10---Ecological-amendment-of-urani_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandone
Ecological amendment of uranium mine tailings using native plant species
Introduction
Uranium mining in India
Characteristics of uranium mined land/tailings land
Techniques for restoration of mined land
Role of vegetation for restoration mine tailings
Selection of vegetation and plants species for remediation of tailings cover
Accumulation of radionuclides from uranium mill tailings to plants
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-11---Potential-of-Ricinus-communis-fo_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Aband
Potential of Ricinus communis for the removal of toxic metals from mining dumping sites
Introduction
Ricinus communis L.
Geography and ecology of the plant
Morphology and physiology
Genetics of Ricinus communis
Economic importance
Production of oil and other industrial values of R. communis
Toxic heavy metals in mining spoil
The causes and consequences of heavy metals
The varying states of oxidation and influence on the mobility, bioavailability, bioaccumulation
Toxic impacts of metals (Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Se, and Zn) on the plants and soil
Phytoremediation potential of R. communis of mining dump soil
Phytoremediation
Plants as phytoremediation agents
Application of R. communis for phytoremediation of metals present in mining dumpsites
Conclusion
References
Chapter-12---Phytoremediation-potential-of_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandone
Phytoremediation potential of invasive species growing in mining dumpsite
Introduction
Geographical distribution and ecology of invasive species
Phytoremediation approaches
Phytostabilization
Phytofiltration
Phytovolatilization
Phytoextraction
Phytotransformation
Importance of invasive plant species in phytoremediation
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter-13---Phytostabilization-_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-Mining-a
Phytostabilization of mine tailings
Introduction
Mine tailings and environment: A global dilemma
Phytostabilization: Restoration of mine ecosystem
Growth of metallophytes (metal excluder plants)
Soil substrate
Role of microorganism community
Reported case studies for phytostabilization
Conclusion
References
Chapter-14---Importance-of-selection-of-plant-sp_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Ab
Importance of selection of plant species for successful ecological restoration program in coal mine degraded land
Introduction
Role of vegetation for building of SOC pool
Methods of development of vegetation cover
Conceptual model of five phases of reclamation
Surface mining and reclamation
Ecological restoration approaches
Philosophies of revegetation
Revegetation program
Role of vegetation
Different criteria for selection of plant species
Species used in revegetation
Trees
Indigenous versus exotic species
Establishment of grass-legume cover
List of important legume used for ecorestoration of coalmine degraded land
Shrub and medium-size plant species
Fruit tree species
Important grasses species used in coal mine reclamation
Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter-15---Plant-responses-to-heavy-meta_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandone
Plant responses to heavy metals during cultivation in mining dump sites
Introduction
Heavy metal accumulation and plant growth
Defensive mechanisms in plants exposed to heavy metal stress
Conclusion and future outlook
References
Chapter-16---Gold-mining-industry-influence-o_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Aband
Gold mining industry influence on the environment and possible phytoremediation applications
Introduction
Environmental pollution sources of gold extraction
Open pits
Underground mining
Tailings and waste rock
Acid mine drainage
Effect of mine pollution on water, soil, and sediments
Water pollution
Soil and sediments pollution
Heavy metal toxicity in the gold mine environment
Heavy metal properties
Factors affecting heavy metal phytoavailability
Heavy metal phytotoxicity
Phytoremediation strategies/technologies
Phytostabilization
Advantages and limitations of phytostabilization
Plants used in phytostabilization
Phytoextraction
Advantages and limitations of phytoextraction
Plants used in phytoextraction
Phytovolatilization
Advantages and limitations of phytovolatilization
Plants used in phytovolatilization
Rhizofiltration
Advantages and limitations of rhizofiltration
Plants used in rhizofiltration
Phytostimulation
Phytodegradation
Phytoremediation applications
Plant selection considerations
Heavy metals phytoremediation: Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, and Hg
Advantages and limitations of phytoremediation
Conclusions
References
Chapter-17---Potential-of-Purun-tikus--Eleocharis-du_2021_Phytorestoration-o
Potential of Purun tikus ( Eleocharis dulcis (Burm. F.) Trin. ex Hensch) to restore the Iron (Fe) contaminated acid mine d ...
Introduction
Geography and ecology on Purun tikus (E. dulcis)
Habitat Purun tikus
Utilization Purun tikus
Nutrients need
CWs planted with Purun tikus
Role of Purun tikus in constructed wetland
Purun tikus seedlings, planting space, and growth in the constructed wetland system
Potential of purun tikus for iron accumulation in its tissues from acid mine drainage
Factors affecting the growth and accumulation of iron by Purun tikus
Conclusion
References
Chapter-18---Development-of-bamboo-biodiversity-_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Ab
Development of bamboo biodiversity on mining degraded lands: A sustainable solution for climate change mitigation
Introduction
Causes of land degradation
Impacts of mining activities on environment and climate change
Biodiversity
Eco-rejuvenation technology of degraded land through bamboo diversity
Bamboo for eco-rejuvenation
Selection of sites
Selection of species
Mixed plantation
Protection
Uses of bamboos
Bamboo diversity on mine degraded lands for sustainable development and climate change
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-19---Selection-of-plant-species-for-_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abando
Selection of plant species for phytoremediation of oil drilling sites: An overview
Introduction
Characteristics of oil drilling sites (ODS)
Phytoremediation of ODS
Factors influencing the phytoremediation of ODS
Types of contaminants
Level of contaminations
Parameters for selection of plant species for phytoremediation of ODS
High biomass
Dense and deep root system
Physiological and biochemical responses
Multistress tolerance
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-20---Phytoremediation-and-the-i_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-M
Phytoremediation and the issue of fracking in South Africa
Introduction
Phytoremediation of abandoned oil drilling sites: Venezuelan case study
Case study: Shale gas development in South Africa
Conclusion
References
Chapter-21---Phytomining--a-sustainable-appr_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abando
Phytomining: a sustainable approach for recovery and extraction of valuable metals
Introduction
Phytomining
Process of phytomining
Components of phytomining
Phytoremediation: A beneficial aspect of phytomining
Hyperaccumulator plants: Primary mainstay for phytomining
Transgenic approach
Biomass yield: Second mainstay for phytomining
Economical aspects of phytomining
Multi-benefit nature of phytomining
Limitations of phytomining
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Index_2021_Phytorestoration-of-Abandoned-Mining-and-Oil-Drilling-Sites
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