World population is growing at an alarming rate and may exceed 9.7 billion by 2050, whereas agricultural productivity has been negatively affected due to yield limiting factors such as biotic and abiotic stresses as a result of global climate change. Wheat is a staple crop for ~20% of the world population and its yield needs be augmented correspondingly in order to satisfy the demands of our increasing world population. “Green revolution”, the introduction of semi-dwarf, high yielding wheat varieties along with improved agronomic management practices, gave rise to a substantial increase in wheat production and self-sufficiency in developing countries that include Mexico, India and other south Asian countries. Since the late 1980’s, however, wheat yield is at a standoff with little fluctuation. The current trend is thus insufficient to meet the demands of an increasing world population. Therefore, while conventional breeding has had a great impact on wheat yield, with climate change becoming a reality, newer molecular breeding and management tools are needed to meet the goal of improving wheat yield for the future. With the advance in our understanding of the wheat genome and more importantly, the role of environmental interactions on productivity, the idea of genomic selection has been proposed to select for multi-genic quantitative traits early in the breeding cycle. Accordingly genomic selection may remodel wheat breeding with gain that is predicted to be 3 to 5 times that of crossbreeding. Phenomics (high-throughput phenotyping) is another fairly recent advancement using contemporary sensors for wheat germplasm screening and as a selection tool. Lastly, CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein mediated genome editing technology has been successfully utilized for efficient and specific genome editing of hexaploid bread wheat. In summary, there has been exciting progresses in the development of non-GM wheat plants resistant to biotic and abiotic stress and/or wheat with improved nutritional quality. We believe it is important to highlight these novel research accomplishments for a broader audience, with the hope that our readers will ultimately adopt these powerful technologies for crops improvement in order to meet the demands of an expanding world population.
Author(s): Shabir H. Wani, Amita Mohan, Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 293
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
Food Production: Global Challenges to Mitigate Climate Change
1 Introduction
2 Global Climate Changes, Prospects, and Challenges for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Supply
3 Strategies to Ensure Food Security and Mitigate Climate Change Impacts
Investments in Agri-Food Infrastructure and Adaptation of Innovative Farming Practices
Crops Adaptation to Limited Agricultural Inputs, Soil Nutrients, and Water Management
Improving Agricultural Resilience by Increasing Crop Productivity
Changing Lifestyles and Food Demand Patterns
Application of the Untapped Genetic Variability and Accelerated Domestication
4 Conclusions
References
Reduced-Immunogenicity Wheat Now Coming to Age
1 Introduction
2 Wheat Gluten Proteins
3 Gluten-Associated Disorders
4 Gluten Threshold
5 Gluten Detection Methods
6 Approaches to Reduce Gluten-Exposure in Sensitive Individuals
Dietary Procedures
Screening of Wheat Germplasm
Screening of the Genetic Stocks of Wheat and Related Cereals
Other Cereals and Non-cereals as an Alternative
Engineered Celiac-Safe Wheat Genotypes
Management Practices and Processing Procedures
Non-dietary Procedures
7 Conclusion
References
Wheat Quality Improvement for Micronutrients
1 Introduction
2 Importance of Wheat Quality from Health Perspectives
3 Bioavailability
4 Types of Wheat-Based on Colour
5 Effect of Environment on Micronutrient Content
6 Agronomic Biofortification
7 Conventional Methods of Breeding for Quality Improvement
8 Molecular Breeding for Quality Improvement
9 Transgenics
10 Methods of Estimation of Quality
11 Wheat Biofortification Programmes
12 Conclusion
References
Changing Nutrition Scenario: Colored Wheat – A New Perspective
1 Introduction
2 Origin and Genetics of Colored Wheat
3 Biochemical Composition of Colored Wheat
Phytochemicals in Colored Wheat
Anthocyanins
Phenolics
Minerals
4 Agronomic Traits of Colored Wheat
Yield
Processing Quality of Colored Wheat
5 Stability of Anthocyanins and Phenolics on Processing of Colored Wheat
6 Applications of Colored Wheat in Health
In Vitro Studies/Reports Supporting the Role of Anthocyanins from Colored Wheat
In Vivo Studies
Animal Model Studies Supporting the Role of Anthocyanins from Colored Wheat
Human Intervention Studies Supporting the Role of Anthocyanins from Colored Wheat
References
Genetics and Breeding of Fe and Zn Improvement in Wheat
1 Introduction
2 Fe and Zn Malnutrition: A Global Health Problem
3 Causes of Fe and Zn Deficiency
4 Importance of Fe and Zn in Human Nutrition
5 Role of Iron and Zinc Metabolism
6 Agronomic Biofortification of Wheat with Iron and Zinc
7 Genetics of Iron and Zinc Biofortification in Wheat
8 Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Iron and Zinc in Wheat
9 Breeding for Iron and Zinc in Wheat
Synthetic Hybrid Wheat (SHW)
10 Alien Chromosome Transfer for Fe and Zn in Wheat
11 Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS)
12 Biofortified Wheat Cultivars
13 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Membrane Fluidity and Compositional Changes in Response to High Temperature Stress in Wheat
1 Membrane Structure and Phases
2 Impact of Temperature on Membrane Fluidity and Stability
Alterations in Membrane Lipid Composition
Changes in Membrane Lipid Unsaturation Levels
Differential Channeling of DAG Moieties from the Endoplasmic Reticulum to Chloroplasts Under High Temperatures
3 Conclusions
References
Current Understanding of Thermotolerance in Wheat
1 Introduction
2 Optimum Temperature Required for Different Growth Stages in Spring Wheat
3 Effect of High Temperature on Different Growth Stages of Wheat
Germination Stage
Vegetative Stage
Flowering Stage
Post-fertilization and Grain Filling Stage
Grain Number and Weight
Quality of Wheat Grains at Higher Temperature
4 Adaptive Mechanisms for Heat Stress in Wheat
5 Phenotyping Methods for Heat Stress
Lab Screening
Field Screening
Novel and Precision Field Phenotyping
6 High Temperature Stress Mitigation Strategies Under Field
7 The Way Forward
References
Advances in Molecular Markers and Their Use in Genetic Improvement of Wheat
1 Introduction
2 Molecular Marker Systems in Wheat: An Overview
3 Current Advances in SNP Marker Development and Genotyping Platform
High-Throughput SNP Genotyping: Array-Based Genotyping
High-Throughput SNP Genotyping: Genotyping-by-Sequencing
4 Utility and Achievement of High-Throughput Genotyping Approaches in Wheat
5 Conversion of Trait-Linked SNPs to User-Friendly Markers
6 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Genomic Selection for Wheat Improvement
1 Introduction
2 Advances in Phenomics Platform for Efficient Genomic Selection
3 Genomic Selection for Grain Yield Improvement
Successful Application of GS in Grain Yield Improvement
4 Genomic Selection for Improving Disease Resistance
Conventional Breeding for Disease Resistance
Molecular Breeding in Disease Resistance
Genomic Selection in Disease Resistance
Genomic Selection Models for Disease Resistance
Success of GS in Wheat Disease Resistance Breeding
Genomic Selection for Wheat Rusts
Genomic Selection for Fusarium Head Blight
Genomic Selection for Other Diseases
5 Genomic Selection for Wheat Quality Improvement
Milling and Flour Quality
Pre-harvest Sprouting
GS for Nutritional Quality Traits
GS for Grain Protein Content
GS for Semolina Quality
GS for Baking Quality
6 Genomic Selection for Drought/Heat Stress Tolerance
Need of Genomic Selection to Breed for Drought/Heat Tolerance in Wheat
Previous Work Done in Genomic Selection for Drought/Heat Tolerance in Wheat
7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Genetic Dissection for Yield and Yield-Related Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
1 Introduction
2 QTL Analyses for Yield-Contributing Traits
3 QTL Analyses for Grain Weight (GW)
4 QTL Analysis for Other Grain Traits (Grain Size and Shape)
5 QTL × QTL Epistatic Interactions for GY and Yield-Contributing Traits
6 Main Effect QTLs for GY and Contributing Traits
References
Marker-Assisted Breeding for Resistance Against Wheat Rusts
1 Introduction
2 Wheat Rusts
Stem Rust
Leaf Rust
Stripe Rust
3 Pathotype Surveillance
4 Virulence/Avirulence Variations
5 Screening Methodologies for Rust Resistance
Seedling Screening
Adult Plant Screening
6 Genetic Basis of Resistance to Rust Pathogen
7 Breeding for Durable Rust Resistance
8 Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS)
9 MAS for Leaf Rust Resistance
10 MAS for Stem Rust Resistance
11 MAS for Stripe Rust Resistance
12 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Genome Editing and Trait Improvement in Wheat
1 Introduction
2 History of Plant Genetic Engineering
3 Nucleases and Genome Modifications
Meganucleases
Zinc-Finger Nucleases
Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs)
CRISPR/CAS9 System
Recent Variants Used for Genome Editing
4 Genetics and Genomics of Wheat
Grain Yield
Grain Quality
5 Genetic Modifications of Wheat for Improvement of Quality and Yield Traits
Transgenic Approaches
Application of RNA Interference
Application of CRISPR /CAS9 for Wheat Grain Quality Improvement
Application of CRISPR/CAS9 For Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Application of CRISPR /CAS9 for Other Agronomic Traits
6 Limitations and Bottlenecks
7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Index
