There has been significant progress in tsunami research, monitoring and mitigation within the last decade. This book summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge on tsunamis. It presents a comprehensive overview of tsunamis, seaquakes and other catastrophic ocean phenomena. It describes up-to-date models of tsunamis generated by a submarine earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption, meteorites impact, and moving atmospheric pressure inhomogeneities. Models of tsunami propagation and run-up are also discussed. The book investigates methods of tsunami monitoring including satellite altimetry and the study of paleotsunamis. Non-linear phenomena in tsunami source are discussed in the context of their contribution to the wave amplitude and intensification of the vertical exchange in ocean. The book is intended for scientists, researchers and specialists in oceanography, geophysics, seismology, hydro-acoustics, geology, geomorphology, including the engineering and insurance industries. Professor Boris W. Levin is a Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Director of the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Far East Branch of RAS, in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia. He is a member of IUGG Tsunami Commission, American Geophysical Union, Seismological Society of America and National Geographic Society. He has more than 200 scientific publications in the fields of geophysics, tsunamis, seaquakes, seismology. Mikhail A. Nosov is a Professor of Physics of Sea and Inland Waters at the Faculty of Physics of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia. He is an active participant to the EGS and EGU meetings. As co-convener and UNESCO contractor, he organized the International Workshop on "Local Tsunami Warning and Mitigation" (2002). In 2005 he was awarded Plinius Medal of European Geosciences Union. He has more than 50 scientific publications in the fields of marine physics, tsunamis, seaquakes.
Author(s): Boris Levin, Mikhail Nosov
Edition: 1
Year: 2008
Language: English
Pages: 327
Contents......Page 9
1. General Information on Tsunami Waves, Seaquakes and Other Catastrophic Phenomena in the Ocean......Page 12
1.1 Tsunami: Definition of Concepts......Page 13
1.2 Manifestations of Tsunami Waves on Coasts......Page 16
1.3 Tsunami Magnitude and Intensity......Page 21
1.4 Tsunami Warning Service: Principles and Methods......Page 26
1.5 Databases and Tsunami Statistics......Page 28
1.6 Seaquakes: General Ideas......Page 31
1.7 Hydroacoustic Signals in the Case of Underwater Earthquakes......Page 33
1.8 Killer Waves in the Ocean......Page 35
References......Page 38
2. Physical Processes at the Source of a Tsunami of Seismotectonic Origin......Page 41
2.1.1 TheMain Parameters......Page 42
2.1.2 Secondary Effects......Page 49
2.1.3 Calculation of Deformations of the Ocean Bottom......Page 54
2.2.1 Cartesian Coordinates......Page 59
2.2.2 Cylindrical Coordinates......Page 63
2.3 Plane Problems of Tsunami Excitation by Deformations of the Basin Bottom......Page 66
2.3.1 Construction of the General Solution......Page 67
2.3.2 Piston and Membrane Displacements......Page 71
2.3.3 Running and Piston-like Displacements......Page 81
2.3.4 The Oscillating Bottom......Page 87
2.4 Generation of Tsunami Waves and Peculiarities of the Motion of Ocean Bottom at the Source......Page 92
References......Page 104
3. Role of the Compressibility of Water and of Non-linear Effects in the Formation of Tsunami Waves......Page 108
3.1.1 Preliminary Estimates......Page 109
3.1.2 General Solution of the Problem of Small Deformations of the Ocean Bottom Exciting Waves in a Liquid......Page 112
3.1.3 Piston and Membrane Displacements......Page 116
3.1.4 The Running Displacement......Page 122
3.1.5 Peculiarities of Wave Excitation in a Basin of Variable Depth......Page 125
3.1.6 Elastic Oscillations of the Water Column at the Source of the Tokachi-Oki Tsunami, 2003......Page 133
3.2.1 Base Mathematical Model......Page 141
3.2.2 Non-linear Mechanism of Tsunami Generation by Bottom Oscillations in an Incompressible Ocean......Page 145
3.2.3 Non-linear Tsunami Generation Mechanism with Account of the Compressibility of Water......Page 153
References......Page 159
4. The Physics of Tsunami Formation by Sources of Nonseismic Origin......Page 162
4.1 Tsunami Generation by Landslides......Page 163
4.2 Tsunami Excitation Related to Volcanic Eruptions......Page 174
4.3 Meteotsunamis......Page 180
4.4 Cosmogenic Tsunamis......Page 192
References......Page 202
5. Propagation of a Tsunami in the Ocean and Its Interaction with the Coast......Page 205
5.1 Traditional Ideas Concerning the Problem of Tsunami Propagation......Page 206
5.2 Numerical Models of Tsunami Propagation......Page 221
5.3 Tsunami Run-up on the Coast......Page 231
References......Page 237
6. Methods of Tsunami Wave Registration......Page 241
6.1 Coastal and Deep-water Measurements of Sea Level......Page 242
6.2 Geomorphological Consequences of Tsunami: Deposits of Paleotsunamis......Page 249
6.3 Tsunami Detection in the Open Ocean by Satellite Altimetry......Page 255
References......Page 262
7. Seaquakes: Analysis of Phenomena and Modelling......Page 264
7.1.1 Historical Evidence......Page 266
7.1.2 Analysis of Historical Testimonies and the Physical Mechanisms of Vertical Exchange......Page 281
7.1.3 Instrumental Observations of Variations of the Ocean's Temperature Field After an Earthquake......Page 285
7.2 Estimation of the Possibility of Stable Stratification Disruption in the Ocean Due to an Underwater Earthquake......Page 290
7.3 Parametric Generation of Surface Waves in the Case of an Underwater Earthquake......Page 300
7.4 Experimental Study ofWave Structures and of Stable Stratification Transformation in a Liquid in the Case of Bottom Oscillations......Page 304
References......Page 312
Colour Plate Section......Page 315
F......Page 331
S......Page 332
W......Page 333
