Physeo Embryology

REPRODUCTIVE EMBRYOLOGY....................................................................................4
Section I - Early Fetal Development............................................................................................................................................. 4
Section II - Genes of Body Patterning .......................................................................................................................................... 6
Section III - Embryologic Derivatives........................................................................................................................................ 10
Section IV - Errors in Morphogenesis ........................................................................................................................................ 13
Section V - Teratogens ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Section VI - Twinning................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Section VII - Pharyngeal Clefts and Pouches ............................................................................................................................. 21
Section VIII - 1st and 2nd Pharyngeal Arches............................................................................................................................ 26
Section IX - 3rd, 4th and 6th Pharyngeal Arches........................................................................................................................ 29
Section X - Cleft Lip and Palate ................................................................................................................................................. 32
Section XI - Normal Genital Development ................................................................................................................................ 35
Section XII - Pathology of Genital Development....................................................................................................................... 39
CARDIOLOGY.....................................................................................................................43
Section I - Normal Cardiac Development................................................................................................................................... 43
Section II - Fetal and Neonatal Circulation ................................................................................................................................ 48
Section III - Right-to-Left Shunts............................................................................................................................................... 53
Section IV - Left-to-Right Shunts............................................................................................................................................... 58
PULMONOLOGY................................................................................................................63
Section I - Respiratory Embryology ........................................................................................................................................... 63
NEPHROLOGY....................................................................................................................68
Section I - Normal Renal Development...................................................................................................................................... 68
Section II - Pathology of Renal Development ............................................................................................................................ 72
GASTROENTEROLOGY...................................................................................................77
Section I - Normal Gut Development ......................................................................................................................................... 77
Section II - Pathology of Foregut and Hindgut Development .................................................................................................... 81
Section III - Pathology of Midgut Development and Intestinal Atresia ..................................................................................... 87
Section IV - Intestinal Atresia..................................................................................................................................................... 92
ENDOCRINOLOGY............................................................................................................95
Section I - Endocrine Embryology ............................................................................................................................................. 95
NEUROLOGY ....................................................................................................................101
Section I - Neurulation and Neural Tube Defects..................................................................................................................... 101
Section II - Posterior Fossa Malformations .............................................................................................................................. 107