PHP Notes for Professionals book

Content list
About
Chapter 1: Getting started with PHP
Section 1.1: HTML output from web server
Section 1.2: Hello, World!
Section 1.3: Non-HTML output from web server
Section 1.4: PHP built-in server
Section 1.5: PHP CLI
Section 1.6: Instruction Separation
Section 1.7: PHP Tags
Chapter 2: Variables
Section 2.1: Accessing A Variable Dynamically By Name (Variable variables)
Section 2.2: Data Types
Section 2.3: Global variable best practices
Section 2.4: Default values of uninitialized variables
Section 2.5: Variable Value Truthiness and Identical Operator
Chapter 3: Variable Scope
Section 3.1: Superglobal variables
Section 3.2: Static properties and variables
Section 3.3: User-defined global variables
Chapter 4: Superglobal Variables PHP
Section 4.1: Suberglobals explained
Section 4.2: PHP5 SuperGlobals
Chapter 5: Outputting the Value of a Variable
Section 5.1: echo and print
Section 5.2: Outputting a structured view of arrays and objects
Section 5.3: String concatenation with echo
Section 5.4: printf vs sprintf
Section 5.5: Outputting large integers
Section 5.6: Output a Multidimensional Array with index and value and print into the table
Chapter 6: Constants
Section 6.1: Defining constants
Section 6.2: Class Constants
Section 6.3: Checking if constant is defined
Section 6.4: Using constants
Section 6.5: Constant arrays
Chapter 7: Magic Constants
Section 7.1: Dierence between __FUNCTION__ and __METHOD__
Section 7.2: Dierence between __CLASS__, get_class() and get_called_class()
Section 7.3: File & Directory Constants
Chapter 8: Comments
Section 8.1: Single Line Comments
Section 8.2: Multi Line Comments
Chapter 9: Types
Section 9.1: Type Comparison
Section 9.2: Boolean
Section 9.3: Float
Section 9.4: Strings
Section 9.5: Callable
Section 9.6: Resources
Section 9.7: Type Casting
Section 9.8: Type Juggling
Section 9.9: Null
Section 9.10: Integers
Chapter 10: Operators
Section 10.1: Null Coalescing Operator (??)
Section 10.2: Spaceship Operator (<=>)
Section 10.3: Execution Operator (``)
Section 10.4: Incrementing (++) and Decrementing Operators (--)
Section 10.5: Ternary Operator (?:)
Section 10.6: Logical Operators (&&/AND and ||/OR)
Section 10.7: String Operators (. and .=)
Section 10.8: Object and Class Operators
Section 10.9: Combined Assignment (+= etc)
Section 10.10: Altering operator precedence (with parentheses)
Section 10.11: Basic Assignment (=)
Section 10.12: Association
Section 10.13: Comparison Operators
Section 10.14: Bitwise Operators
Section 10.15: instanceof (type operator)
Chapter 11: References
Section 11.1: Assign by Reference
Section 11.2: Return by Reference
Section 11.3: Pass by Reference
Chapter 12: Arrays
Section 12.1: Initializing an Array
Section 12.2: Check if key exists
Section 12.3: Validating the array type
Section 12.4: Creating an array of variables
Section 12.5: Checking if a value exists in array
Section 12.6: ArrayAccess and Iterator Interfaces
Chapter 13: Array iteration
Section 13.1: Iterating multiple arrays together
Section 13.2: Using an incremental index
Section 13.3: Using internal array pointers
Section 13.4: Using foreach
Section 13.5: Using ArrayObject Iterator
Chapter 14: Executing Upon an Array
Section 14.1: Applying a function to each element of an array
Section 14.2: Split array into chunks
Section 14.3: Imploding an array into string
Section 14.4: "Destructuring" arrays using list()
Section 14.5: array_reduce
Section 14.6: Push a Value on an Array
Chapter 15: Manipulating an Array
Section 15.1: Filtering an array
Section 15.2: Removing elements from an array
Section 15.3: Sorting an Array
Section 15.4: Whitelist only some array keys
Section 15.5: Adding element to start of array
Section 15.6: Exchange values with keys
Section 15.7: Merge two arrays into one array
Chapter 16: Processing Multiple Arrays Together
Section 16.1: Array intersection
Section 16.2: Merge or concatenate arrays
Section 16.3: Changing a multidimensional array to associative array
Section 16.4: Combining two arrays (keys from one, values from another)
Chapter 17: Datetime Class
Section 17.1: Create Immutable version of DateTime from Mutable prior PHP 5.6
Section 17.2: Add or Subtract Date Intervals
Section 17.3: getTimestamp
Section 17.4: setDate
Section 17.5: Create DateTime from custom format
Section 17.6: Printing DateTimes
Chapter 18: Working with Dates and Time
Section 18.1: Getting the dierence between two dates / times
Section 18.2: Convert a date into another format
Section 18.3: Parse English date descriptions into a Date format
Section 18.4: Using Predefined Constants for Date Format
Chapter 19: Control Structures
Section 19.1: if else
Section 19.2: Alternative syntax for control structures
Section 19.3: while
Section 19.4: do-while
Section 19.5: goto
Section 19.6: declare
Section 19.7: include & require
Section 19.8: return
Section 19.9: for
Section 19.10: foreach
Section 19.11: if elseif else
Section 19.12: if
Section 19.13: switch
Chapter 20: Loops
Section 20.1: continue
Section 20.2: break
Section 20.3: foreach
Section 20.4: do...while
Section 20.5: for
Section 20.6: while
Chapter 21: Functions
Section 21.1: Variable-length argument lists
Section 21.2: Optional Parameters
Section 21.3: Passing Arguments by Reference
Section 21.4: Basic Function Usage
Section 21.5: Function Scope
Chapter 22: Functional Programming
Section 22.1: Closures
Section 22.2: Assignment to variables
Section 22.3: Objects as a function
Section 22.4: Using outside variables
Section 22.5: Anonymous function
Section 22.6: Pure functions
Section 22.7: Common functional methods in PHP
Section 22.8: Using built-in functions as callbacks
Section 22.9: Scope
Section 22.10: Passing a callback function as a parameter
Chapter 23: Alternative Syntax for Control Structures
Section 23.1: Alternative if/else statement
Section 23.2: Alternative for statement
Section 23.3: Alternative while statement
Section 23.4: Alternative foreach statement
Section 23.5: Alternative switch statement
Chapter 24: String formatting
Section 24.1: String interpolation
Section 24.2: Extracting/replacing substrings
Chapter 25: String Parsing
Section 25.1: Splitting a string by separators
Section 25.2: Substring
Section 25.3: Searching a substring with strpos
Section 25.4: Parsing string using regular expressions
Chapter 26: Classes and Objects
Section 26.1: Class Constants
Section 26.2: Abstract Classes
Section 26.3: Late static binding
Section 26.4: Namespacing and Autoloading
Section 26.5: Method and Property Visibility
Section 26.6: Interfaces
Section 26.7: Final Keyword
Section 26.8: Autoloading
Section 26.9: Calling a parent constructor when instantiating a child
Section 26.10: Dynamic Binding
Section 26.11: $this, self and static plus the singleton
Section 26.12: Defining a Basic Class
Section 26.13: Anonymous Classes
Chapter 27: Namespaces
Section 27.1: Declaring namespaces
Section 27.2: Referencing a class or function in a namespace
Section 27.3: Declaring sub-namespaces
Section 27.4: What are Namespaces?
Chapter 28: Sessions
Section 28.1: session_start() Options
Section 28.2: Session Locking
Section 28.3: Manipulating session data
Section 28.4: Destroy an entire session
Section 28.5: Safe Session Start With no Errors
Section 28.6: Session name
Chapter 29: Cookies
Section 29.1: Modifying a Cookie
Section 29.2: Setting a Cookie
Section 29.3: Checking if a Cookie is Set
Section 29.4: Removing a Cookie
Section 29.5: Retrieving a Cookie
Chapter 30: Output Buering
Section 30.1: Basic usage getting content between buers and clearing
Section 30.2: Processing the buer via a callback
Section 30.3: Nested output buers
Section 30.4: Running output buer before any content
Section 30.5: Stream output to client
Section 30.6: Using Output buer to store contents in a file, useful for reports, invoices etc
Section 30.7: Typical usage and reasons for using ob_start
Section 30.8: Capturing the output buer to re-use later
Chapter 31: JSON
Section 31.1: Decoding a JSON string
Section 31.2: Encoding a JSON string
Section 31.3: Debugging JSON errors
Section 31.4: Using JsonSerializable in an Object
Section 31.5: Header json and the returned response
Chapter 32: SOAP Client
Section 32.1: WSDL Mode
Section 32.2: Non-WSDL Mode
Section 32.3: Classmaps
Section 32.4: Tracing SOAP request and response
Chapter 33: Using cURL in PHP
Section 33.1: Basic Usage (GET Requests)
Section 33.2: POST Requests
Section 33.3: Using Cookies
Section 33.4: Using multi_curl to make multiple POST requests
Section 33.5: Sending multi-dimensional data and multiple files with CurlFile in one request
Section 33.6: Creating and sending a request with a custom method
Section 33.7: Get and Set custom http headers in php
Chapter 34: Reflection
Section 34.1: Feature detection of classes or objects
Section 34.2: Testing private/protected methods
Section 34.3: Accessing private and protected member variables
Chapter 35: Dependency Injection
Section 35.1: Constructor Injection
Section 35.2: Setter Injection
Section 35.3: Container Injection
Chapter 36: XML
Section 36.1: Create a XML using DomDocument
Section 36.2: Read a XML document with DOMDocument
Section 36.3: Leveraging XML with PHP's SimpleXML Library
Section 36.4: Create an XML file using XMLWriter
Section 36.5: Read a XML document with SimpleXML
Chapter 37: SimpleXML
Section 37.1: Loading XML data into simplexml
Chapter 38: Parsing HTML
Section 38.1: Parsing HTML from a string
Section 38.2: Using XPath
Section 38.3: SimpleXML
Chapter 39: Regular Expressions (regexp/PCRE)
Section 39.1: Global RegExp match
Section 39.2: String matching with regular expressions
Section 39.3: Split string into array by a regular expression
Section 39.4: String replacing with regular expression
Section 39.5: String replace with callback
Chapter 40: Traits
Section 40.1: What is a Trait?
Section 40.2: Traits to facilitate horizontal code reuse
Section 40.3: Conflict Resolution
Section 40.4: Implementing a Singleton using Traits
Section 40.5: Traits to keep classes clean
Section 40.6: Multiple Traits Usage
Section 40.7: Changing Method Visibility
Chapter 41: Composer Dependency Manager
Section 41.1: What is Composer?
Section 41.2: Autoloading with Composer
Section 41.3: Dierence between 'composer install' and 'composer update'
Section 41.4: Composer Available Commands
Section 41.5: Benefits of Using Composer
Section 41.6: Installation
Chapter 42: Magic Methods
Section 42.1: __call() and __callStatic()
Section 42.2: __get(), __set(), __isset() and __unset()
Section 42.3: __construct() and __destruct()
Section 42.4: __toString()
Section 42.5: __clone()
Section 42.6: __invoke()
Section 42.7: __sleep() and __wakeup()
Section 42.8: __debugInfo()
Chapter 43: File handling
Section 43.1: Convenience functions
Section 43.2: Deleting files and directories
Section 43.3: Getting file information
Section 43.4: Stream-based file IO
Section 43.5: Moving and Copying files and directories
Section 43.6: Minimize memory usage when dealing with large files
Chapter 44: Streams
Section 44.1: Registering a stream wrapper
Chapter 45: Type hinting
Section 45.1: Type hinting classes and interfaces
Section 45.2: Type hinting scalar types, arrays and callables
Section 45.3: Nullable type hints
Section 45.4: Type hinting generic objects
Section 45.5: Type Hinting No Return(Void)
Chapter 46: Filters & Filter Functions
Section 46.1: Validating Boolean Values
Section 46.2: Validating A Number Is A Float
Section 46.3: Validate A MAC Address
Section 46.4: Sanitze Email Addresses
Section 46.5: Sanitize Integers
Section 46.6: Sanitize URLs
Section 46.7: Validate Email Address
Section 46.8: Validating A Value Is An Integer
Section 46.9: Validating An Integer Falls In A Range
Section 46.10: Validate a URL
Section 46.11: Sanitize Floats
Section 46.12: Validate IP Addresses
Section 46.13: Sanitize filters
Chapter 47: Generators
Section 47.1: The Yield Keyword
Section 47.2: Reading a large file with a generator
Section 47.3: Why use a generator?
Section 47.4: Using the send()-function to pass values to a generator
Chapter 48: UTF-8
Section 48.1: Input
Section 48.2: Output
Section 48.3: Data Storage and Access
Chapter 49: Unicode Support in PHP
Section 49.1: Converting Unicode characters to “\uxxxx” format using PHP
Section 49.2: Converting Unicode characters to their numeric value and/or HTML entities using PHP
Section 49.3: Intl extention for Unicode support
Chapter 50: URLs
Section 50.1: Parsing a URL
Section 50.2: Build an URL-encoded query string from an array
Section 50.3: Redirecting to another URL
Chapter 51: How to break down an URL
Section 51.1: Using parse_url()
Section 51.2: Using explode()
Section 51.3: Using basename()
Chapter 52: Object Serialization
Section 52.1: Serialize / Unserialize
Section 52.2: The Serializable interface
Chapter 53: Serialization
Section 53.1: Serialization of dierent types
Section 53.2: Security Issues with unserialize
Chapter 54: Closure
Section 54.1: Basic usage of a closure
Section 54.2: Using external variables
Section 54.3: Basic closure binding
Section 54.4: Closure binding and scope
Section 54.5: Binding a closure for one call
Section 54.6: Use closures to implement observer pattern
Chapter 55: Reading Request Data
Section 55.1: Reading raw POST data
Section 55.2: Reading POST data
Section 55.3: Reading GET data
Section 55.4: Handling file upload errors
Section 55.5: Passing arrays by POST
Section 55.6: Uploading files with HTTP PUT
Chapter 56: Type juggling and Non-Strict Comparison Issues
Section 56.1: What is Type Juggling?
Section 56.2: Reading from a file
Section 56.3: Switch surprises
Section 56.4: Strict typing
Chapter 57: Sockets
Section 57.1: TCP client socket
Section 57.2: TCP server socket
Section 57.3: UDP server socket
Section 57.4: Handling socket errors
Chapter 58: PDO
Section 58.1: Preventing SQL injection with Parameterized Queries
Section 58.2: Basic PDO Connection and Retrieval
Section 58.3: Database Transactions with PDO
Section 58.4: PDO: connecting to MySQL/MariaDB server
Section 58.5: PDO: Get number of aected rows by a query
Section 58.6: PDO::lastInsertId()
Chapter 59: PHP MySQLi
Section 59.1: Close connection
Section 59.2: MySQLi connect
Section 59.3: Loop through MySQLi results
Section 59.4: Prepared statements in MySQLi
Section 59.5: Escaping Strings
Section 59.6: Debugging SQL in MySQLi
Section 59.7: MySQLi query
Section 59.8: How to get data from a prepared statement
Section 59.9: MySQLi Insert ID
Chapter 60: SQLite3
Section 60.1: SQLite3 Quickstart Tutorial
Section 60.2: Querying a database
Section 60.3: Retrieving only one result
Chapter 61: Using MongoDB
Section 61.1: Connect to MongoDB
Section 61.2: Get multiple documents - find()
Section 61.3: Get one document - findOne()
Section 61.4: Insert document
Section 61.5: Update a document
Section 61.6: Delete a document
Chapter 62: mongo-php
Section 62.1: Everything in between MongoDB and Php
Chapter 63: Using Redis with PHP
Section 63.1: Connecting to a Redis instance
Section 63.2: Installing PHP Redis on Ubuntu
Section 63.3: Executing Redis commands in PHP
Chapter 64: Sending Email
Section 64.1: Sending Email - The basics, more details, and a full example
Section 64.2: Sending HTML Email Using mail()
Section 64.3: Sending Email With An Attachment Using mail()
Section 64.4: Sending Plain Text Email Using PHPMailer
Section 64.5: Sending HTML Email Using PHPMailer
Section 64.6: Sending Email With An Attachment Using PHPMailer
Section 64.7: Sending Plain Text Email Using Sendgrid
Section 64.8: Sending Email With An Attachment Using Sendgrid
Chapter 65: Using SQLSRV
Section 65.1: Retrieving Error Messages
Section 65.2: Fetching Query Results
Section 65.3: Creating a Connection
Section 65.4: Making a Simple Query
Section 65.5: Invoking a Stored Procedure
Section 65.6: Making a Parameterised Query
Chapter 66: Command Line Interface (CLI)
Section 66.1: Handling Program Options
Section 66.2: Argument Handling
Section 66.3: Input and Output Handling
Section 66.4: Return Codes
Section 66.5: Restrict script execution to command line
Section 66.6: Behavioural dierences on the command line
Section 66.7: Running your script
Section 66.8: Edge Cases of getopt()
Section 66.9: Running built-in web server
Chapter 67: Localization
Section 67.1: Localizing strings with gettext()
Chapter 68: Headers Manipulation
Section 68.1: Basic Setting of a Header
Chapter 69: Coding Conventions
Section 69.1: PHP Tags
Chapter 70: Asynchronous programming
Section 70.1: Advantages of Generators
Section 70.2: Using Icicle event loop
Section 70.3: Spawning non-blocking processes with proc_open()
Section 70.4: Reading serial port with Event and DIO
Section 70.5: HTTP Client Based on Event Extension
Section 70.6: HTTP Client Based on Ev Extension
Section 70.7: Using Amp event loop
Chapter 71: How to Detect Client IP Address
Section 71.1: Proper use of HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR
Chapter 72: Create PDF files in PHP
Section 72.1: Getting Started with PDFlib
Chapter 73: YAML in PHP
Section 73.1: Installing YAML extension
Section 73.2: Using YAML to store application configuration
Chapter 74: Image Processing with GD
Section 74.1: Image output
Section 74.2: Creating an image
Section 74.3: Image Cropping and Resizing
Chapter 75: Imagick
Section 75.1: First Steps
Section 75.2: Convert Image into base64 String
Chapter 76: SOAP Server
Section 76.1: Basic SOAP Server
Chapter 77: Machine learning
Section 77.1: Classification using PHP-ML
Section 77.2: Regression
Section 77.3: Clustering
Chapter 78: Cache
Section 78.1: Caching using memcache
Section 78.2: Cache Using APC Cache
Chapter 79: Autoloading Primer
Section 79.1: Autoloading as part of a framework solution
Section 79.2: Inline class definition, no loading required
Section 79.3: Manual class loading with require
Section 79.4: Autoloading replaces manual class definition loading
Section 79.5: Autoloading with Composer
Chapter 80: SPL data structures
Section 80.1: SplFixedArray
Chapter 81: IMAP
Section 81.1: Connecting to a mailbox
Section 81.2: Install IMAP extension
Section 81.3: List all folders in the mailbox
Section 81.4: Finding messages in the mailbox
Chapter 82: HTTP Authentication
Section 82.1: Simple authenticate
Chapter 83: WebSockets
Section 83.1: Simple TCP/IP server
Chapter 84: BC Math (Binary Calculator)
Section 84.1: Using bcmath to read/write a binary long on 32-bit system
Section 84.2: Comparison between BCMath and float arithmetic operations
Chapter 85: Docker deployment
Section 85.1: Get docker image for php
Section 85.2: Writing dockerfile
Section 85.3: Building image
Section 85.4: Starting application container
Chapter 86: APCu
Section 86.1: Iterating over Entries
Section 86.2: Simple storage and retrieval
Section 86.3: Store information
Chapter 87: PHP Built in server
Section 87.1: Running the built in server
Section 87.2: built in server with specific directory and router script
Chapter 88: PSR
Section 88.1: PSR-4: Autoloader
Section 88.2: PSR-1: Basic Coding Standard
Chapter 89: PHPDoc
Section 89.1: Describing a variable
Section 89.2: Adding metadata to functions
Section 89.3: Describing parameters
Section 89.4: Collections
Section 89.5: Adding metadata to files
Section 89.6: Inheriting metadata from parent structures
Chapter 90: Design Patterns
Section 90.1: Method Chaining in PHP
Chapter 91: Compile PHP Extensions
Section 91.1: Compiling on Linux
Chapter 92: Common Errors
Section 92.1: Call fetch_assoc on boolean
Section 92.2: Unexpected $end
Chapter 93: Compilation of Errors and Warnings
Section 93.1: Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM
Section 93.2: Notice: Undefined index
Section 93.3: Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent
Chapter 94: Exception Handling and Error Reporting
Section 94.1: Setting error reporting and where to display them
Section 94.2: Logging fatal errors
Chapter 95: Debugging
Section 95.1: Dumping variables
Section 95.2: Displaying errors
Section 95.3: phpinfo()
Section 95.4: Xdebug
Section 95.5: Error Reporting (use them both)
Section 95.6: phpversion()
Chapter 96: Unit Testing
Section 96.1: Testing class rules
Section 96.2: PHPUnit Data Providers
Section 96.3: Test exceptions
Chapter 97: Performance
Section 97.1: Profiling with Xdebug
Section 97.2: Memory Usage
Section 97.3: Profiling with XHProf
Chapter 98: Multiprocessing
Section 98.1: Multiprocessing using built-in fork functions
Section 98.2: Creating child process using fork
Section 98.3: Inter-Process Communication
Chapter 99: Multi Threading Extension
Section 99.1: Getting Started
Section 99.2: Using Pools and Workers
Chapter 100: Secure Remeber Me
Section 100.1: “Keep Me Logged In” - the best approach
Chapter 101: Security
Section 101.1: PHP Version Leakage
Section 101.2: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Section 101.3: Cross-Site Request Forgery
Section 101.4: Command Line Injection
Section 101.5: Stripping Tags
Section 101.6: File Inclusion
Section 101.7: Error Reporting
Section 101.8: Uploading files
Chapter 102: Cryptography
Section 102.1: Symmetric Encryption and Decryption of large Files with OpenSSL
Section 102.2: Symmetric Cipher
Chapter 103: Password Hashing Functions
Section 103.1: Creating a password hash
Section 103.2: Determine if an existing password hash can be upgraded to a stronger algorithm
Section 103.3: Verifying a password against a hash
Chapter 104: Contributing to the PHP Manual
Section 104.1: Improve the ocial documentation
Section 104.2: Tips for contributing to the manual
Chapter 105: Contributing to the PHP Core
Section 105.1: Setting up a basic development environment
Appendix A: Installing a PHP environment on Windows
Section A.1: Download, Install and use WAMP
Section A.2: Install PHP and use it with IIS
Section A.3: Download and Install XAMPP
Appendix B: Installing on Linux/Unix Environments
Section B.1: Command Line Install Using APT for PHP 7
Section B.2: Installing in Enterprise Linux distributions (CentOS, Scientific Linux, etc)
Credits
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