Photonic Crystal and Its Applications for Next Generation Systems

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Editors
1 Hot Atomic Vapor for Photonic Crystal-Based Optical Components
Introduction
Tamm Plasmon in 1D-Photonic Crystal
Bloch Surface Waves in 1D-Photonic Crystals
References
2 Highly Efficient Graphene-Based Optical Components for Networking Applications
Graphene
Graphene-Based Optical Switches
Plasmonic Decoder
Plasmonic Encoder
References
3 A Nonlinear Optical Benzil Single Crystal for Photonic Applications
Introduction
Brief Research History of Photonic Crystal
Fundamental Principles of Photonic Crystal
Fabrication of Photonic Crystals
Photonic Crystal Optical Devices
Photonic Benzil Single Crystal
Experimental Procedure
Growth of Benzil Crystal
Results and Discussion
UV–Vis Spectral Studies
FTIR Spectral Analysis
Dielectric Studies
Hardness Study
Etching Studies
Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Thermal Studies
Conclusion
References
4 Highly Efficient Materials for Photonic Crystal-Based Optical Components
General Introduction
Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals
Reflectance
Absorptance
Transmittance
Types of Photonic Crystals
One-Dimensional PhCs
Two-Dimensional PhCs
Three-Dimensional PhCs
Applications of PhCs
PhC-based Optical Components
Waveguides
Multichannel Filters
Logic Gates
Sensors
Lab-On-Chip Devices
Summary and Future Prospective
References
5 Fabrication of Unidirectional Grown 1, 3, 5-Triphenylbenzene Single Crystal for Nonlinear Optical and Fast Neutron Detector Applications
Introduction
Organic Molecules for NLO Applications
Organic Molecules for Scintillators
Properties of Scintillator Materials
Importance of the Scintillation Crystals
Experimental Details
Crystal Growth
Z-Scan Technique TNLO Property
Result and Discussions
Third Harmonic Generation
Laser Damage Threshold (LDT)
Gamma Energy Calibration
Time Resolution of TPB Detector
Fast Neutron Detection
Conclusion
References
6 Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal-Based Filters Review
Introduction
Photonic Crystals in Nature
Photonic Crystal-Based Filters
Optical Filter Classification
Add–Drop Filters
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Add–drop Filter
Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing Add–Drop Filter
Pcrr-Based Optical Add–Drop Filter
Circular-Shaped Add–Drop Filter
Multi-channel Tunable Filter
Wavelength Filter with Dual Ring
Conclusion
References
7 Photonic Crystal-Based 2D Demultiplexer for DWDM Systems
Introduction
Literature Review
Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator Mechanism-Based DWDM Demultiplexer
Photonic Crystal Resonant Cavity (Line/Point Defects) Mechanism-Based DWDM Demultiplexer
Fabrication Steps of Air Holes Structure
Limitation of Existing Work and Future Enhancement
Conclusion
References
8 Investigation of Ultra-Small and Efficient Encoders and Decoders for High-Speed Optical Communication Systems
Introduction
Introduction of Photonic Crystal and Its Classification
Photonic Band Diagram
Numerical Methods
Functional Parameters
Photonic Crystal-Based Encoder
Photonic Crystal-Based Decoder
Conclusion
References
9 Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications
Fundamentals of Photonic Crystal Fibers
Refractive Index Measurements
Gas Sensors
Fluorescence-Based Sensors
Glucose Detection
Conclusions
References
10 Photonic Crystal Biosensors for Healthcare and Pathologic Diagnostic Application
Introduction
The Photonic Crystal Structure for Sensor and Biosensor Applications
Sensing Mechanism of Photonic Crystal in Sensors and Biosensors
Significant Parameters and Structure of Photonic Crystal in Sensors and Biosensors
Sensitivity of Photonic Crystal Sensor
Quality Factor
Limit of Detection
Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM)
Free Spectral Range (FSR)
Biosensor Application of Photonic Crystal
Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Detection of Nucleic Acids and Protein
Photonic Crystal Biosensor for Detection of Cancer Cell
Conclusion
References
11 High-Frequency Photonic Crystal-Based Terahertz Antenna for Medical Applications
Introduction
Microstrip Patch Antenna
Techniques for Feeding
Coaxial Probe Feed
Line Feed Microstrip
Feed with Aperture
Proximity-Coupled Feed
Different Substrates
Antenna in Medical World
Procedure
Evaluation of Extent (H) of the Patch
Evaluation of Width (W) of the Patch
Evaluation of the Effective Dielectric Constant ( εeff )
Evaluation of the Effective Length of the Patch (Leff)
Evaluation of the Length Extension ( ΔL )
Evaluation of the Actual Length (L) of the Patch
Dimensions of the Ground Plane Are Calculation
Feed Point Evaluation
Photonic Crystal Structure
Proposed Structure
Optimization of the Substrate Height “h”
Return Loss
Vswr
Directivity
Gain
Comparison of Proposed Work with Existing Results
Conclusion
References
12 Role of Photonics in Energy Crisis
Introduction
Electrification Through Photovoltaics
Antireflective Surfaces Made with Photonic Crystals
Optical Crystal Surfaces with Omnidirectional Antireflection
Solar Cell Systems Based on Plasmonic Nanostructures
Geometrical Effects of Particles and Their Surroundings
Excitation of Excitons by Light Absorption
Photocurrent Generation in PSCs
Participating Producers Will Consent to Utilize the Label and Adhere to the Rules
Energy-Efficient Photonic Systems Using Green Photonic
Silicon Photonics
Fiber Lasers
Education in Optics
Light Pollution
Simple Light Pollution Solutions
Artificial Photosynthesis
Global Energy Crisis
References