Content: Ultraviolet stabilization of polyamides : photophysical studies of ultraviolet stabilizers, particularly in the 2-hydroxyphenyl benzotriazole class / T. Werner, G. Woessner, and H.E.A. Kramer --
Photoenolization in polymers / J.C. Scaiano, J.P. Bays, and M.V. Encinas --
Mechanisms of photodegradation of ultraviolet stabilizers and stabilized polymers / Amitava Gupta, Gary W. Scott, and David Kliger --
Preparation of polymeric ultraviolet stabilizers / David A. Tirrell --
Polypropylene photostabilization by tetramethylpiperidine species / D.J. Carlsson, K.H. Chan, and D.M. Wiles --
Hindered amine light stabilizers : a mechanistic study / B. Felder, R. Schumacher, and F. Sitek --
Differential ultraviolet spectroscopy as an aid in studying polycarbonate photodegradation / J.E. Moore --
Photostabilization of bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin condensation polymers : fluorescence and model compound studies / S. Peter Pappas, Leslie R. Gatechair, Ellis L. Breskman, Richard M. Fischer, and U.K.A. Klein --
Photochemistry of N-arylcarbamates / Charles E. Hoyle, Thomas B. Garrett, and John E. Herweh --
Photodegradation and photoconductivity of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) / Robert F. Cozzens --
Effect of metal salts on the photoactivity of titanium dioxide : stabilization and sensitization processes / Gether Irick, Jr., G.C. Newland, and R.H.S. Wang --
The chemical nature of chalking in the presence of titanium dioxide pigments / Hans G. Völz, Guenther Kaempf, Hans Georg Fitzky, and Aloys Klaeren --
Photochemical studies of methacrylate coatings for the conservation of museum objects / Robert L. Feller, Mary Curran, and Catherine Bailie --
Photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride : a survey of recent studies / W.H. Starnes, Jr. --
The roles of hydrogen chloride in the thermal and photochemical degradation of polyvinyl chloride / Eryl D. Owen --
Studies in photophysical and photodegradation processes in aromatic polyester yarns / P.S.R. Cheung, Jack A. Dellinger, W.C. Stuckey, and C.W. Roberts --
Strain-enhanced photodegradation of polyethylene / Djafer Benachour and C.E. Rogers --
Halogenated polymethacrylates for X-ray lithography / A. Eranian, A. Couttet, E. Datamanti, and J.C. Dubois.
Author(s): S. Peter Pappas and F. H. Winslow (Eds.)
Series: ACS Symposium Series 151
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Year: 1981
Language: English
Pages: 306
City: Washington, D.C
Title Page......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
ACS Symposium Series......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 6
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 7
1 Ultraviolet Stabilization of Polyamides Photophysical Studies of Ultraviolet Stabilizers, Particularly in the 2-Hydroxyphenyl Benzotriazole Class......Page 8
To question 1 (screening effect and/or energy transfer):......Page 10
Absorption, emission and excitation spectra......Page 13
Tautomerization equilibria in the ground and excited states.......Page 15
Lifetime measurements of the excited states......Page 17
Influence of deuteration upon the fluorescence S'1 → S'0......Page 18
To question 4 (Origin of the rapid deactivation)......Page 20
The polymer as solvent......Page 21
Abstract......Page 23
References......Page 24
2 Photoenolization in Polymers......Page 26
Results and Discussion......Page 27
Literature Cited......Page 32
3 Mechanisms of Photodegradation of Ultraviolet Stabilizers and Stabilized Polymers......Page 34
Hydroxybenzophenone Derivatives......Page 35
Photodegradation Studies on Copolymer Films......Page 36
Flash Spectroscopy......Page 40
Fluorescence Studies......Page 42
Photochemistry......Page 43
Conclusions......Page 47
Literature Cited......Page 48
4 Preparation of Polymeric Ultraviolet Stabilizers......Page 50
Literature Cited......Page 56
5 Polypropylene Photostabilization by Tetramethylpiperidine Species......Page 57
Radical Scavenging Processes......Page 58
Stabilizer- PPOOH Association......Page 61
NOPP Decomposition......Page 64
Photostabilization by Complex Hindered Amines......Page 65
Conclusions......Page 67
Literature Cited......Page 68
Synopsis......Page 70
Introduction......Page 71
Mechanistic Considerations......Page 73
Diisopropyl ketone photolysis under exclusion of oxygen......Page 76
Diisopropyl ketone irradiation in the presence of oxygen......Page 78
Diisopropyl ketone photolysis in the presence of oxygen and =NO • as additive......Page 79
DiPK photolysis in the presence of oxygen and of amine as additive......Page 83
Effect of HALS on oxidation of ketones (conclusions)......Page 85
TMP derivatives and hydroperoxides......Page 86
Conclusions......Page 94
Acknowledgement......Page 96
REFERENCES......Page 97
7 Differential Ultraviolet Spectroscopy as an Aid in Studying Polycarbonate Photodegradation......Page 102
Results and Discussion......Page 104
Acknowledgements......Page 110
Literature Cited......Page 112
Results and Discussion......Page 113
Experimental......Page 119
Literature Cited......Page 120
9 Photochemistry of N-Arylcarbamates......Page 121
Experimental......Page 123
Results and Discussion......Page 125
Literature Cited......Page 139
Photoconductivity of Polymers......Page 140
Degradation of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)......Page 141
Conclusions......Page 146
References......Page 148
Experimental......Page 149
Discussion......Page 152
References......Page 163
1. Chalking process.......Page 165
2. Experimental arguments.......Page 167
3.1 Phenomenoloqical consequences.......Page 175
3.2 Means of reducing chalking.......Page 180
4. Conclusions.......Page 183
Literature Cited......Page 184
13 Photochemical Studies of Methacrylate Coatings for the Conservation of Museum Objects......Page 185
Crosslinking......Page 186
Ratio of Chain Breaking to Crosslinking......Page 192
Petroleum-Soluble Polymers Resistant to Crosslinking Under Near Ultraviolet......Page 194
Inhibition of Crosslinking......Page 195
Acknowledgements......Page 196
Literature Cited......Page 197
General Considerations......Page 199
Initiation......Page 200
Structural Defects Determined in PVC by Carbon-13 NMR......Page 208
Overall Course and Reaction Mechanism of PVC Photodegradation......Page 209
Literature Cited......Page 213
15 The Roles of Hydrogen Chloride in the Thermal and Photochemical Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride......Page 218
1. Summary of Early Work......Page 219
a) Initiation......Page 221
c) Termination......Page 222
3. Addition of HCl to Polyenes......Page 223
4. Effect of HCl on Polyene Sequence Lengths Produced by Thermal Degradation......Page 228
References......Page 238
16 Studies in Photophysical and Photodegradation Processes in Aromatic Polyester Yarns......Page 240
Discussion......Page 241
Literature Cited......Page 262
Material......Page 264
Mechanical Experiments......Page 265
Effects of Photooxidation on Mechanical Properties......Page 266
Effect of Strain on Photodegradation......Page 269
Conclusions......Page 274
Literature Cited......Page 275
Halogenated Polymethacrylates for X-Ray Lithography......Page 276
Parameters affecting the sensitivity of positive X-ray resists......Page 277
X-ray absorption and chemical design considerations......Page 278
Structure, preparation and characterization of the polymers......Page 279
X-ray exposure devices......Page 280
Evaluation of the polymers as X-ray resists......Page 284
Conclusions......Page 286
Literature cited......Page 291
B......Page 293
C......Page 294
D......Page 295
H......Page 296
L......Page 297
N......Page 298
P......Page 299
S......Page 303
T......Page 304
W......Page 305
Z......Page 306
