Two-dimensional (2D) materials for photocatalytic applications have attracted attention in recent years due to their unique thickness-dependent physiochemical properties. 2D materials offer enhanced functionality over traditional three-dimensional (3D) photocatalysts due to modified chemical composition and electronic structures, as well as abundant surface active sites. This book reviews the applications of 2D-related nano-materials in solar-driven catalysis, providing an up-to-date introduction to the design and use of 2D-related photo(electro)catalysts. This includes not only application areas such as fine chemicals synthesis, water splitting, CO2 reduction, and N2 fixation, but also catalyst design and preparation. Some typical 2D and 2D-related materials (such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs), layered metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene, g-C3N4, etc.) are classified, and relationships between structure and property are demonstrated, with emphasis on how to improve 2D-related materials performance for practical applications. While the focus of this book will primarily be on experimental studies, computational results will serve as a necessary reference. With chapters written by expert researchers in their fields, Photocatalysis Using 2D Nanomaterials will provide advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and other researchers convenient introductions to these topics.
Author(s): Yufei Zhao, Haohong Duan
Series: Inorganic Materials Series, 11
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 317
City: London
Cover
Series Preface
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1 Recent Developments and Perspectives on Solar-drivenFine Chemicals Synthesis: From the Reaction System to 2D Photocatalysts
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Selective Oxidation Reactions
1.2.1 Selective Oxidation of Alcohols
1.2.2 Selective Oxidation of Sulfides
1.2.3 Selective Oxidation of Benzenes
1.2.4 Other Selective Oxidation Reactions
1.3 Selective Reduction Reactions
1.3.1 Reduction of Nitrobenzene into Aniline
1.3.2 Reduction of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
1.4 C–C/C–N Coupling Reactions
1.4.1 Aerobic Couplings of Amines to Form Imines
1.4.2 Synthesis of 2,5-Diaryl 1,3,4- OxadiazolesThrough Coupling a-Keto Acids with Acylhydrazines
1.4.3 Aza-Henry Reaction of N-aryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline with Nitromethane
1.4.4 C–C Coupling of Alcohols or Aldehydes
1.5 Other Fine Chemicals Synthesis Reactions
1.5.1 Cis–Trans Isomerisation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids
1.5.2 Dehydrogenation Reactions
1.6 2D Materials for Biomass Photo(Electro)Catalytic Conversion
1.6.1 Background of Biomass Conversion
1.6.2 Photocatalytic Conversion of Biomass and Its Derivatives in General
1.6.3 Lignin Derivatives
1.6.4 Furans
1.6.5 Other Biomass-derived Alcohols
1.7 Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 2 Opportunities for Ultrathin 2D Catalysts in Promoting CO2 Photoreduction
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Boosted Light Harvesting by Ultrathin 2D Catalysts for Promoting CO2 Photoreduction
2.2.1 Extending the Photochemical Activity ofUltrathin 2D Materials to the Visible Light Region
2.2.2 Visible-light-driven CO2 Reduction withUltrathin 2D Catalysts Enabled by Defect Engineering
2.2.3 Visible-light-driven CO2 Reduction withUltrathin 2D Catalysts Enabled by Surface Modification and Loading Strategies
2.2.4 Visible-light-driven CO2 Photoreduction withUltrathin 2D Catalysts Enabled by Constructing 2D Heterojunctions
2.3 Extending the Photochemical Activity ofUltrathin 2D Materials to the Infrared Light Region
2.3.1 IR-light-driven CO2 Reduction with Ultrathin2D Catalysts Enabled by Surface Loading Strategies
2.3.2 IR-light-driven CO2 Reduction with Ultrathin2D Catalysts Enabled by Constructing an Intermediate Band
2.3.3 IR-light-driven CO2 Reduction with UltrathinMetallic 2D Catalysts with a Partially Occupied Band
2.4 Optimised Photogenerated Carrier Dynamics in Ultrathin 2D Catalysts for Promoting CO2 Reduction
2.4.1 Strategies for Suppressing Carrier Recombination During CO2 Photoreduction
2.4.2 Strategies for Accelerating Carrier Separation During CO2 Photoreduction
2.5 Optimised Surface Reaction Dynamics of Ultrathin 2D Catalysts for Promoting CO2 Reduction
2.5.1 Strategies for Enhancing CO2 Adsorption and Activation Processes
2.6 Reduced Energy Barrier by Optimising the Reaction Dynamics to Improve Photocatalytic Activity
2.7 Accelerated Product Desorption to Prevent Catalyst Poisoning to Improve Photocatalytic Activity
2.8 Optimised Intermediate Dynamics to Alter the Reaction Pathway to Improve Product Selectivity
2.9 Unveiling Reaction Mechanisms with Ultrathin 2DCatalysts to Design Efficient CO2 Photoreduction Systems
2.9.1 In-situ Characterisation to Unveil the True Active Sites of Ultrathin 2D Catalysts
2.9.2 In-situ Characterisation of CatalyticIntermediates to Uncover the Reaction Pathway
2.9.3 Theoretical Calculations of the DynamicEvolution of Catalytic Reactions to Disclosing the Reaction Mechanism
2.10 Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter 3 Photocatalysis by Graphenes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 General Preparation Methods for Graphene-based Materials
3.3 Reduced Graphene Oxide and Graphene as Co- catalysts
3.4 Graphene and Related Materials as Photocatalysts
3.5 Photocatalytic Activity of Related Graphene Materials
3.6 Summary and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 4 2D Inorganic Nanosheet-based Hybrid Photocatalysts for Water Splitting
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthetic Methods for 2D Inorganic Nanosheets and their Nanohybrids
4.3 2D Inorganic Nanosheet-based Hybrid Photocatalysts
4.3.1 2D TMO Nanosheet-based Photocatalysts
4.3.2 2D TMD Nanosheet-based Photocatalysts
4.3.3 2D LDH Nanosheet-based Photocatalysts
4.3.4 2D TMC Nanosheet-based Photocatalysts
4.3.5 2D Metal Oxyhalide Nanosheet-based Photocatalysts
4.3.6 2D g-C3N4 Nanosheet-based Photocatalysts
4.3.7 2D h-BN Nanosheet-based Photocatalysts
4.3.8 2D Elemental Nanosheet-based Photocatalysts
4.4 Role of 2D Inorganic Nanosheets in Hybrid-type Photocatalysts
4.4.1 Photocatalytically Active Component
4.4.2 Photosensitisers
4.4.3 Co-catalysts
4.4.4 Charge Reservoir
4.4.5 Charge Transport Pathway
4.5 Characterisation Techniques for Inorganic 2D Nanosheets and Their Nanohybrids
4.6 Overall Conclusion and Outlook
References
Chapter 5 2D Photocatalytic Materials for Environmental Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Key Chemistry and Engineering Issues LimitingPhotocatalysis in Real-world Applications in Environmental Remediation
5.2.1 Interference from Co-existing Compounds
5.2.2 Formation of Undesirable Byproducts and Uncertain Reaction Pathways
5.2.3 Uncertainty in Radicals
5.2.4 Reactor Design and Light Penetration Especially for Large- scale Applications
5.3 Typical 2D Material Systems for Photocatalysis in Environmental Remediation
5.3.1 Metal- free 2D Materials
5.3.2 Metal Oxides
5.3.3 Transition Metal Chalcogenides (TMCs)
5.4 Strategies to Enhance the PhotocatalyticPerformance of 2D Materials Towards Environmental Remediation
5.4.1 Hybridisation
5.4.2 Doping and Defects
5.4.3 Grain Boundary Engineering
5.4.4 Assembly
5.5 Photocatalytic Environmental Applications
5.5.1 Water Detoxification Treatment
5.5.2 Air Purification
5.5.3 Water Disinfection
5.5.4 Heavy Metal Detoxification
5.6 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Subject Index
