This book covers the state-of-the-art techniques of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging for the diagnosis of retinal diseases. It is part of a three-volume work that describes the latest imaging techniques in which to bring optical coherence tomography (OCT), Fundus Imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to accurately facilitate the diagnosis of retinal diseases. Clinical disorders of the retina have been attracting the attention of researchers, aiming at reducing the blindness rate. This includes uveitis, diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, endophthalmitis, proliferative retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma. Treatment is significantly dependent on having early and accurate diagnosis, which can be significantly improved by employing the techniques described in the book.
Author(s): Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 300
City: Bristol
PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
Acknowledgements
Editor biographies
Ayman El-Baz
Jasjit S Suri
List of contributors
Rupesh Agrawal
Minhaj Nur Alam
Muhammad Amer Awan
Francesco Bandello
Enrico Borrelli
Davide Borroni
Talisa de Carlo
Carlo Di Biase
Dongxu Gao
Onur Gökmen
Adekunle Hassan
Smaha Jahangir
Patrick Kelley
Hashim Ali Khan
Muna Kharel
Anadi Khatri
Taehoon Kim
Gregg Kokame
David Le
Jennifer I Lim
Savita Madhusudhan
Olwen C Murphy
Ogugua Okonkwo
Muhammet Derda Özer
Araniko Pandey
Eli Pradhan
Gunjan Prasai
Francesco Prascina
Giuseppe Querques
Lea Querques
Julie Rodman
Riccardo Sacconi
Shiv Saidha
Muhammad Aamir Shahzad
Kinsuk Singh
Taeyoon Son
Meysam Tavakoli
Xiyin Wu
Xincheng Yao
Yalin Zheng
Ilaria Zucchiatti
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 Clinical application of optical coherence tomography angiography in retinal diseases
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Comparison of OCTA with FA and ICGA
1.3 Principles and methods of OCTA
1.3.1 Phase based strategies
1.3.2 Intensity/amplitude based strategies
1.3.3 Complex signal-based OCTA
1.4 Commercial devices
1.4.1 RTVue XR Avanti
1.4.2 Topcon Triton SS OCTAngio™
1.4.3 ZEISS AngioPlex™
1.4.4 Heidelberg Spectralis® OCTA
1.4.5 Nidek AngioScan
1.5 OCTA of normal retina
1.5.1 Retinal and choroidal vasculature
1.5.2 Default OCTA segmentations
1.5.3 Artifacts
1.6 OCTA in retinal vascular diseases
1.6.1 Diabetic retinopathy
1.6.2 Retinal vein occlusion (RVO)
1.6.3 Retinal artery occlusion
1.6.4 Central serous chorioretinopathy
1.6.5 Macular telangiectasia
1.6.6 Other retinal diseases
1.7 Choroidal diseases
1.7.1 Dry age-related macular degeneration and variants
1.7.2 Wet AMD and variants
1.8 OCTA in ocular inflammation
1.9 Conclusion
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Longitudinal optical coherence tomography and angiography of hyaloid vascular regression in developing mouse eyes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 OCT/OCTA imaging system
2.2.2 OCT/OCTA image acquisition
2.2.3 Quantitative image analysis
2.2.4 Animals
2.3 Results
2.3.1 OCTA monitoring of hyaloid vascular regression
2.3.2 Accelerated regression of hyaloid vessels in retinal degeneration mice
2.4 Discussion
2.5 Conclusion
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Stripe noise removal and vessel segmentation of OCTA images
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Two-stage strategy (TSS)
3.2.1 The first stage: stripe noise removal of OCTA images
3.2.2 The second stage: segmentation of vessels from stripe denoised images
3.3 Joint destriping and segmentation of OCTA images (JDS)
3.4 Results
3.4.1 Datasets
3.4.2 Effectiveness of destriping
3.4.3 Effectiveness of segmentation
3.5 Discussion and conclusions
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 Optical coherence tomography angiography changes in early type 3 neovascularization after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Nascent type 3 MNV
4.3 Treatment of active type 3 MNV
4.4 OCT-A features of recurrent type 3 MNV after anti-VEGF injections
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Optical coherence tomography angiography in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina
5.2.1 Retinal OCT in multiple sclerosis (MS)
5.2.2 Retinal OCT in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)
5.3 Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) of the retina
5.3.1 OCTA in MS
5.3.2 OCTA in NMOSD
5.4 Limitations of OCTA
5.5 Conclusions
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 Optical coherence tomography angiography for the diagnosis of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
6.1 Introduction
6.2 OCTA for the diagnosis of PCV
6.2.1 OCT angiograms
6.2.2 OCT b-scans
6.2.3 OCTA image set
6.3 Discussion
6.4 Conclusion
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 Quantitative features for objective assessment of OCT angiography
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Quantitative OCTA features
7.2.1 Blood vessel density
7.2.2 Blood vessel caliber
7.2.3 Blood vessel tortuosity
7.2.4 Vessel perimeter index
7.2.5 Foveal avascular zone features
7.2.6 Vessel complexity features
7.2.7 Branchpoint analysis
7.2.8 Flow analysis
7.2.9 Choroidal vasculature
7.2.10 Differential artery–vein (A–V) analysis
7.3 Machine learning techniques in objective OCTA analysis
7.4 Discussion
References
CH008.pdf
Chapter 8 Clinical utility of OCT-angio in age-related macular degeneration
8.1 Clinical features and OCTA correlates of early AMD
8.1.1 Role of chorioretinal flow characteristic in pathogenesis of drusen
8.2 Geographic atrophy
8.3 Neovascular AMD
8.3.1 Type 1 MNV
8.3.2 Type 2 MNV
8.3.3 Type 3 MNV
8.4 Diagnostic accuracy of OCTA
8.5 OCTA for guiding treatment of AMD
References
CH009.pdf
Chapter 9 Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in age-related macular degeneration
9.1 Introduction
9.2 The principles Of OCTA technology and image quantification methods
9.3 FFA, ICG, and OCTA
9.4 AMD types
9.5 OCTA features in AMD
9.6 Dry-type age-related macular degeneration
9.7 Wet-type age-related macular degeneration
9.8 Conclusion
References
CH010.pdf
Chapter 10 Optical coherence tomography angiography in ophthalmology: an application in vessel imaging
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Principles of OCTA
10.2.1 Variants
10.2.2 Fundamentals of OCTA in ophthalmology
10.2.3 Scanning technique
10.3 OCTA of normal eyes
10.4 Current applications of OCTA in ophthalmology
10.4.1 OCTA in dry (non-neovascular) AMD
10.4.2 OCTA in wet (neovascular) AMD
10.4.3 OCTA in diabetic retinopathy
10.4.4 OCTA in artery and vein occlusion
10.4.5 OCTA in glaucoma
10.4.6 OCTA in uveitis
10.5 The future of OCTA and ophthalmology
10.5.1 Non-invasive imaging and neurovascular coupling
References
CH011.pdf
Chapter 11 Optical coherence tomography angiography: principles and clinical application
Abbreviations
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Principles of OCTA
11.2.1 Basics
11.2.2 Image segmentation
11.2.3 En face imaging
11.3 OCTA technology: software and hardware
11.4 FA versus OCTA comparison
11.4.1 Limitations of OCTA
11.4.2 A summary of OCTA artifacts
11.5 OCTA imaging of the normal retina and optic disc
11.6 OCTA clinical application
11.6.1 Uveitis
11.6.2 Diabetic retinopathy
11.6.3 Macular degeneration
11.6.4 Retinal vein occlusion
11.6.5 Retinal artery occlusion
11.6.6 Vitreomacular interface disease
11.6.7 Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON)
11.6.8 Miscellaneous
11.7 Discussion
11.8 Conclusion
References
CH012.pdf
Chapter 12 A comprehensive survey on computer-aided diagnostic systems in diabetic retinopathy screening
Important acronyms
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy
12.1.2 Stages of diabetic retinopathy
12.1.3 Retinal imaging and databases
12.2 Computer-aided diagnosis and diabetic retinopathy
12.3 Retinal landmarks detection
12.3.1 Localization and segmentation of optic nerve head
12.3.2 Vessel segmentation
12.3.3 Localization of the fovea
12.4 Detection of retinal lesions
12.4.1 Microaneurysm and haemorrhage detection
12.4.2 Exudates segmentation
12.5 Artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy
12.5.1 Overview of deep learning
12.6 Conclusion
References
