Pharmacology Clear and Simple: A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations

TItle Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Reviewers......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 9
Contents in Brief......Page 10
Contents......Page 12
UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY......Page 16
Chapter 1 History of Pharmacology......Page 18
HISTORY OF PHARMACOLOGY......Page 19
SOURCES OF DRUGS......Page 21
CATEGORIZING MEDICATIONS......Page 23
THE ROLES OF THE LICENSED PRACTICAL NURSE, LICENSED VOCATIONAL NURSE, AND MEDICAL ASSISTANT IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS......Page 25
Chapter 2 Basics of Pharmacology......Page 30
THE DRUG CYCLE......Page 31
ISSUES AFFECTING THE DRUG CYCLE......Page 34
THE IMPORTANCE OF SIDE EFFECTS......Page 35
DRUG RESOURCES FOR INFORMATION......Page 37
Chapter 3 Patient Safety in Medication Administration......Page 46
PATIENT RIGHTS FOR SAFETY......Page 47
THE RIGHT ROUTE AND TECHNIQUE......Page 49
MEDICATION NAMES AND ABBREVIATIONS......Page 50
FACTORS AFFECTING MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION......Page 52
PROTECTING THE PATIENT: ETHICAL AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS......Page 55
PROTECTING THE HEALTH-CARE WORKER......Page 57
Chapter 4 Regulations......Page 66
HISTORY OF DRUG REGULATIONS......Page 67
THE FDA AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT......Page 68
DRUG CONTROL......Page 75
SUBSTANCE ABUSE......Page 79
Chapter 5 Prescriptions and Labels......Page 88
MEDICATION ORDERS......Page 89
PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION......Page 91
DRUG LABELS......Page 94
UNIT 2 CALCULATIONS......Page 102
Chapter 6 Review of Mathematics......Page 104
WORKING WITH FRACTIONS......Page 105
DECIMALS......Page 113
RATIOS AND PROPORTIONS......Page 119
SOLVING FOR AN UNKNOWN......Page 123
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS......Page 132
Chapter 8 Dosage Calculations......Page 146
METHODS FOR CALCULATING DRUG DOSAGES......Page 147
SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES......Page 155
PARENTERAL CALCULATIONS......Page 158
CALCULATING FLUID BALANCE......Page 163
UNIT 3 ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS......Page 170
Chapter 9 Enteral Medications and Administration......Page 172
ENTERAL MEDICATIONS......Page 173
Chapter 10 Parenteral Medications and Administration......Page 186
TOPICAL MEDICATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION......Page 187
OPHTHALMIC MEDICATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION......Page 190
VAGINAL MEDICATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION......Page 191
NASAL ROUTE OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION......Page 193
INHALED MEDICATIONS AND ADMINISTRATION......Page 195
INJECTABLE MEDICATIONS......Page 198
UNIT 4 CLASSIFICATIONS OF DRUGS
......Page 228
Chapter 11 Integumentary System Medications......Page 230
SKIN INFECTIONS AND MEDICATIONS......Page 231
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS AND MEDICATIONS......Page 234
SKIN CANCER AND MEDICATIONS......Page 236
Chapter 12 Musculoskeletal System Medications......Page 244
THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM......Page 245
MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT MUSCULAR DISORDERS......Page 246
MEDICATIONS USED TO TREAT ABNORMAL CALCIUM LEVELS......Page 247
MEDICATIONS FOR BONE AND JOINT INFLAMMATION......Page 248
MEDICATIONS TO TREAT PHANTOM LIMB PAIN......Page 250
Chapter 13 Nervous System Medications......Page 258
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 259
THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM AND MEDICATIONS......Page 260
MEDICATIONS TO CONTROL PAIN AND FEVER......Page 261
MEDICATIONS TO TREAT ANXIETY, INSOMNIA, SEDATION, AND SEIZURES......Page 263
MEDICATIONS TO TREAT BEHAVIORAL, EMOTIONAL, AND MOOD DISORDERS......Page 265
MEDICATIONS TO TREAT DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS......Page 267
LOCAL AND GENERAL ANESTHETIC MEDICATIONS......Page 269
ALCOHOL......Page 270
Chapter 14 Eye and Ear Medications......Page 282
EYE MEDICATIONS......Page 283
THE EAR......Page 286
EAR MEDICATIONS......Page 287
MEDICATIONS AND OTOTOXICITY......Page 288
Chapter 15 Endocrine System Medications......Page 296
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM......Page 297
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM MEDICATIONS......Page 301
MEDICATIONS THAT TREAT ADRENAL DISORDERS......Page 306
Chapter 16 Cardiovascular System Medications......Page 314
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM......Page 315
CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICATIONS......Page 317
MEDICATIONS FOR LIPID DISORDERS......Page 326
Chapter 17 Immunological System Medications......Page 338
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE......Page 339
MEDICATIONS THAT AFFECT THE IMMUNE SYSTEM......Page 340
THE PULMONARY SYSTEM......Page 368
PULMONARY MEDICATIONS......Page 370
Chapter 19 Gastrointestinal System Medications......Page 382
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM......Page 383
GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICATIONS......Page 384
Chapter 20 Reproductive and Urinary System Medications......Page 404
MEDICATIONS FOR DISORDERS RELATED TO FEMALE HORMONES......Page 405
LABOR MEDICATIONS......Page 409
MEDICATIONS FOR OTHER FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS......Page 410
THE URINARY SYSTEM......Page 411
Chapter 21 Vitamins, Minerals, Herbs, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine......Page 424
VITAMINS......Page 425
MINERALS, LIPIDS, AND AMINO ACIDS......Page 428
HERBAL MEDICINES......Page 431
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE......Page 432
Glossary......Page 440
Appendix A Drug Classifications......Page 458
Appendix B Drug Classification Index by Generic Name......Page 462
Appendix C Controlled Substances Schedules......Page 478
Appendix D Routine Pediatric and Adult Immunizations......Page 480
Appendix E Administering Medications to Children......Page 490
Appendix F Pediatric Dosage Calculations......Page 492
Appendix G Examples of Herbs, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, and Lipids Used as Remedies......Page 494
Appendix H Basic Math Concepts......Page 504
Appendix I Answers to Check Ups......Page 506
INDEX......Page 518