Pharmaceuticals from Microbes: The Bioengineering Perspective

Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Contributors......Page 9
About the Editors......Page 11
Chapter 1: Advances in Drug Delivery Strategies for Microbial Healthcare Products......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 14
1.2.1 Cyclosporine A......Page 17
1.2.2 Tacrolimus......Page 19
1.3.1 Lovastatin......Page 21
1.3.2 Simvastatin......Page 22
1.4.1 Aclarubicin......Page 23
1.4.2 Bleomycin......Page 24
1.4.3 Doxorubicin......Page 25
1.4.4 Mithramycin......Page 26
1.4.5 Mitomycin C......Page 28
1.4.6 Paclitaxel......Page 29
1.4.7 Prodigiosin......Page 31
1.5.1 Amphotericin B......Page 32
1.5.2 Gentamicin......Page 33
1.5.3 Polymyxin B......Page 35
1.5.4 Nisin......Page 36
1.5.5 Vancomycin......Page 37
1.6 Probiotic Microorganisms......Page 39
1.7 Conclusion......Page 40
References......Page 41
Chapter 2: Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vectors for Delivery of Mucosal Vaccines, DNA Vaccines, and Cancer Immunotherapy......Page 51
2.1 Introduction......Page 52
2.2.1 Attenuation......Page 56
2.2.2 Plasmid Maintenance......Page 58
2.3 Immune Mechanisms of Vaccines Delivered by Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vectors......Page 59
2.4 Delivery of DNA Vaccines by Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vectors......Page 62
2.5 Immunotherapy Against Cancer Using Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vectors......Page 64
2.6.1 Control of Gene Expression: Use of Plasmid Copy Number and In Vivo Promoters......Page 65
2.6.3 Detoxification of Lipopolysaccharide......Page 66
2.6.5 Cytosolic Delivery of Antigen......Page 67
2.7 Conclusion......Page 68
References......Page 73
Chapter 3: Poly-lactide/Poly-lactide-co-glycolide-Based Delivery System for Bioactive Compounds Against Microbes......Page 86
3.1 Introduction......Page 87
3.2 Preparation of Poly-lactide/Poly-lactide-co-glycolide Particles......Page 89
3.3 Different Facets of an Interaction of the Polymeric Particles with the Cells......Page 90
3.4 Poly-lactide/Poly-lactide-co-glycolide Particulate Delivery System of Bioactive Therapeutics......Page 94
3.4.1 Nanoparticle-Based Delivery System......Page 97
3.4.2 Microparticle Delivery System......Page 101
3.4.3 Nanoparticle/Microparticle Delivery System......Page 102
3.5 Conclusion......Page 103
References......Page 104
Chapter 4: Drug Delivery Systems Based on Pullulan Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives......Page 110
4.2 Pullulan-Based Systems with Antibacterial or Antifungal Activity......Page 111
4.3 Pullulan-Based Systems with Antitumor Properties......Page 114
4.4 Pullulan-Based Systems with Antioxidant Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Properties......Page 135
4.5 Pullulan-Based Systems with Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties......Page 137
4.6 Pullulan-Based Systems with Antilipidemic and Antiglycemic Properties......Page 141
4.7 Pullulan-Based Systems for Heart Diseases......Page 143
4.8 Pullulan-Based Systems for Bone Diseases......Page 145
References......Page 147
Chapter 5: Microbial Modifications of Flavonols......Page 153
5.2 Significance of Flavonol and Their Microbial Modified Derivatives......Page 154
5.3 Current Approaches for Microbial Flavonol Modifications......Page 157
5.3.1 Glycosylation......Page 159
5.3.2 Methylation......Page 162
5.3.3 Hydroxylation......Page 163
5.4 Conclusion......Page 164
References......Page 166
Chapter 6: Downstream Processing for Biopharmaceuticals Recovery......Page 172
6.1 Introduction......Page 173
6.2 Outline Scheme of Biopharmaceuticals Production......Page 176
6.3.1 Initial Recovery: Process and Technologies......Page 179
6.3.2 Purification: Process and Technologies......Page 185
6.3.3 Polishing: Process and Technologies......Page 186
6.5 Alternatives and Advancements Made to Address the Issues......Page 189
6.5.1 Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction (ATPE)......Page 190
6.5.2 Nano-magnetic Separation of Antibodies......Page 191
6.7 Conclusion......Page 192
References......Page 193
Chapter 7: Engineering Streptomyces peucetius for Doxorubicin and Daunorubicin Biosynthesis......Page 200
7.1 Introduction......Page 201
7.1.1 Objective......Page 203
7.1.2 Mode of Action of Doxorubicin......Page 204
7.2 Biosynthesis of Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin......Page 205
7.2.2 Biosynthesis of Thymidine Diphosphate-l-Daunosamine......Page 206
7.2.4 Regulation of Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin Biosynthesis......Page 208
7.3 Pathway Engineering and Production of Daunorubicin and Doxorubicin......Page 209
7.3.2 Engineering of the Polyketide Synthase Genes......Page 210
7.3.3 Engineering of the Regulatory Genes......Page 211
7.4 Conclusion......Page 213
References......Page 215
Index......Page 219