The last 2 decades have seen enormous strides in our understanding of the biological, genetic and clinical basis of the peripheral nerve disorders. This remains a difficult area for most practitioners. This text combines a thorough review of the neurologic literature with clinical experience in presenting a comprehensive yet concise and readable approach to the understanding, evaluation and management of these disorders. All practitioners seeing these patients, as well as all trainees in Neurology and related fields, should find this a useful, approachable initial resource.
Author(s): Steven Herskovitz, Stephen Scelsa, Herbert Schaumburg
Edition: 1e
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 408
CONTENTS......Page 8
Neuron Cell Body and Axon......Page 19
Wallerian Degeneration and Axon Regeneration......Page 22
GLOSSARY OF COMMON CLINICAL TERMS......Page 23
Distal Axonal Degeneration......Page 25
Segmental (Nonuniform) Myelinopathy......Page 28
Diffuse (Uniform) Myelinopathy......Page 30
Neuronopathy (Ganglionopathy)......Page 32
Ischemia......Page 33
Infiltration......Page 35
Physical Injuries......Page 36
GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND THE ALGORITHMIC APPROACH......Page 40
CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC AXONAL POLYNEUROPATHY (CIAP)/SMALL-FIBER NEUROPATHY (SFN)......Page 43
TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN......Page 46
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES AND WORK-UPS FOR THE VARIED NEUROPATHY PHENOTYPES......Page 47
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND NERVE CONDUCTION STUDIES......Page 56
Sensory Nerve Conduction Studies......Page 57
Motor Nerve Conduction Studies......Page 58
Late Responses......Page 61
Needle Electromyography......Page 63
Sympathetic Skin Response (SSR)......Page 64
QUANTITATIVE SENSORY TESTING (QST)......Page 65
High-Resolution Sonography of Peripheral Nerve......Page 66
Indications......Page 67
Technical Considerations......Page 68
SKIN BIOPSY......Page 69
CASE 1: PAINFUL SMALL-FIBER NEUROPATHY AND DYSAUTONOMIA......Page 72
CASE 2: INSIDIOUS ONSET OF DISTAL WEAKNESS IN AN ADULT WITH DEFORMED FEET......Page 73
CASE 3: LOWER LIMB PARESTHESIAS IN A MIDDLE-AGED ADULT WITH DIABETES......Page 74
CASE 4: A MIDDLE-AGED WOMAN WITH MUSCLE TWITCHING AND EPISODIC NUMBNESS......Page 75
CASE 5: SIX DAYS OF CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES AND HYPOREFLEXIA......Page 76
CASE 6: TWO-MONTH ONSET OF SENSORY NEUROPATHY IN A WOMAN WITH OVARIAN CARCINOMA......Page 78
CASE 7: A 47-YEAR-OLD MAN WITH 10 YEARS OF PROGRESSIVE BILATERAL HAND WEAKNESS......Page 79
CASE 8: CHRONIC SENSORY LOSS AND UNSTEADY GAIT IN A 59-YEAR-OLD WOMAN......Page 80
CASE 9: AN ELDERLY MAN WITH ACRAL PARESTHESIAS AND GAIT UNSTEADINESS......Page 81
CASE 10: FOOT DROP IN AN 81-YEAR-OLD WOMAN......Page 82
CASE 11: A MIDDLE-AGED MAN WITH MULTIFOCAL PAIN, SENSORY LOSS, AND WEAKNESS......Page 84
CASE 12: FIVE-DAY ONSET OF DIFFUSE WEAKNESS......Page 85
Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) and Fisher Syndrome (FS)......Page 87
Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN) and Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN)......Page 97
Sensory (Idiopathic, Sjögren Syndrome, Paraneoplastic) and Motor (Paraneoplastic) Neuronopathies and Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy (AAG)......Page 100
Introduction......Page 112
Clinical Features......Page 113
Laboratory Studies......Page 117
Pathology......Page 119
Pathogenesis......Page 121
Treatment......Page 122
Course and Prognosis......Page 123
Introduction......Page 129
Clinical Features......Page 130
Laboratory Studies......Page 135
Pathology......Page 137
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 138
INTRODUCTION......Page 143
Clinical Features......Page 144
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 145
Clinical Features......Page 146
Laboratory Studies......Page 147
Treatment......Page 148
Clinical Features......Page 149
Laboratory Studies......Page 150
Pathogenesis......Page 151
Clinical Features......Page 152
Laboratory Studies......Page 154
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 155
Clinical Features......Page 156
Laboratory Studies......Page 160
Nerve Biopsy/Pathology......Page 161
Course and Prognosis......Page 162
Clinical Features......Page 163
Nerve Biopsy/Pathology......Page 164
Course and Prognosis......Page 165
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 166
Introduction......Page 175
Distal Symmetric Sensorimotor/Autonomic Polyneuropathy (DSP/A)......Page 176
Autonomic Neuropathy......Page 179
Proximal Multifocal Neuropathies (Diabetic Lumbosacral Radiculoplexus Neuropathy and Thoracolumbar Truncal Neuropathy)......Page 180
Diabetic Motor-Predominant Neuropathies......Page 182
Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy......Page 183
Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy......Page 184
INTRODUCTION......Page 187
Clinical Features......Page 188
Laboratory Studies......Page 189
Clinical Features......Page 191
Nerve Biopsy/Pathology......Page 192
Laboratory Studies......Page 193
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 194
Laboratory Studies......Page 195
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 196
Laboratory Studies......Page 197
OTHER: CUBAN EPIDEMIC OPTIC AND PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; DEFICIENCIES: RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B[sub(2)], PYRIDOXINE (VITAMIN B[sub(6)], FOLATE, ZINC; BARIATRIC SURGERY......Page 198
Introduction......Page 204
Clinical Features......Page 208
Laboratory Studies......Page 209
Pathology/Nerve Biopsy......Page 210
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 211
NEUROPATHIES ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE......Page 212
NEUROPATHIES ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARTMENT SYNDROMES......Page 213
PULMONARY FAILURE......Page 217
Uremic Polyneuropathy......Page 218
Ischemic Monomelic Neuropathy......Page 219
CRITICAL ILLNESS POLYNEUROPATHY......Page 220
Differential Diagnosis......Page 221
14. THE HEREDITARY NEUROPATHIES......Page 227
Introduction......Page 228
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 1 (CMT1/HMSN I)......Page 230
Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsy (HNPP)......Page 238
Charcot-Marie- Tooth Disease, Type 2 (CMT2/HMSN II)......Page 242
Dejerine-Sottas Disease and Congenital Hypomyelinating Neuropathy (HMSN III)......Page 245
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4 (CMT4, Autosomal Recessive CMT1, ARCMT1, HMSN IV)......Page 246
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, X-Linked (CMTX/HMSN X)......Page 247
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Dominant Intermediate (DI-CMT)......Page 250
Clinical Features......Page 251
Laboratory Studies......Page 253
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 254
DISTAL HEREDITARY MOTOR NEUROPATHIES/NEURONOPATHIES (dHMN)......Page 255
Autosomal Dominant......Page 256
HEREDITARY SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA WITH NEUROPATHY (HSP)......Page 257
Clinical Features......Page 258
HEREDITARY PERIPHERAL NERVE CHANNELOPATHIES......Page 259
Sodium Channelopathies......Page 260
Potassium Channelopathies......Page 261
Introduction......Page 270
Clinical Features......Page 271
Laboratory Studies......Page 272
Pathophysiology......Page 273
Lysosomal Disorders......Page 274
Peroxisomal Disorders......Page 279
Lipoprotein Deficiencies......Page 282
Introduction......Page 285
Laboratory Studies......Page 287
Treatment, Course, and Prognosis......Page 288
NEUROACANTHOCYTOSIS SYNDROMES......Page 289
Neurofibromatosis 1......Page 293
Adult Polyglucosan Body Disease......Page 294
PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL NEUROTOXICOLOGY......Page 303
Distal Axonopathy (Central-Peripheral Distal Axonopathy)......Page 305
Bortezomib......Page 306
Disulfiram......Page 307
Metronidazole......Page 308
Nucleoside Analogues......Page 309
Platinum (Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin)......Page 310
Pyridoxine......Page 311
Tacrolimus......Page 312
Thalidomide......Page 313
Vinca Alkaloids......Page 314
Arsenic (Inorganic)......Page 317
Hexacarbons (n-Hexane)......Page 320
Methyl Bromide......Page 322
Organophosphates......Page 323
Thallium......Page 324
Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Nerve Injuries......Page 327
Electrodiagnostic Features of Nerve Injuries......Page 328
Median Nerve......Page 329
Ulnar Nerve......Page 336
Radial Nerve......Page 341
Other Upper Extremity Mononeuropathies......Page 345
Sciatic Nerve......Page 346
Peroneal Nerve......Page 347
Tibial Nerve......Page 349
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve......Page 352
Other Lower Extremity Mononeuropathies......Page 354
Idiopathic Facial Nerve Paralysis (Bell’s Palsy)......Page 356
Anatomy......Page 362
Etiology......Page 363
Anatomy......Page 371
Etiology......Page 372
Neuromyotonia......Page 378
Cramps......Page 381
Tetany......Page 382
Hemimasticatory Spasm......Page 383
Hypothenar Dimpling......Page 384
A......Page 387
C......Page 388
E......Page 390
H......Page 391
J......Page 392
M......Page 393
N......Page 394
P......Page 395
S......Page 396
T......Page 397
Z......Page 398
