The neuroendocrine system plays a pivotal role in the control of growth, puberty, reproduction, and intermediate metabolism. The last decades have witnessed rapid progress in the understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms involved in neuroendocrine function, paralleled by dramatic improvements in imaging techniques. In this volume an international group of basic and clinical investigators presents their latest research on neuroendocrine physiology, advances in the control of the onset of puberty and its disorders, and basic and clinical aspects of the GH/IGF-1 and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. An entire section is dedicated to pituitary tumors, including genetics and neuroimaging, and another covers the neuroendocrine control of substrate metabolism, including hypothalamic obesity and anorexia. Pragmatic and topical, this book is a must read for pediatricians, endocrinologists and clinical researchers working in the field of pediatric neuroendocrinology.
Author(s): Sandro Loche, Marco Cappa, Lucia Ghizzoni, Mohamad Maghnie, Martin O. Savage
Edition: 1
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 220
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Abstract......Page 9
Detection of Hyperosmolality......Page 10
Function-Related Plasticity......Page 12
A Comprehensive Description of the HNS Transcriptome......Page 13
The HNS Transcriptome Is Highly Strain Dependent......Page 15
Conclusion......Page 16
References......Page 17
Hormones that Influence Glucose Regulation and Appetite Control Are Influenced by Sleep......Page 19
Obesity and Sleep Loss: Epidemiologic Evidence......Page 22
Obesity, Diabetes and Sleep Loss: Evidence from Laboratory Studies......Page 25
References......Page 28
Sex Differences in Cognition and Aggression: Little Effect of the Social Environment......Page 30
Organizational and Activational Effects of Sex Hormones......Page 31
Neurobiological Factors of Sexual Differentiation of the Brain......Page 33
Sex Differences in the Human Brain......Page 34
Transsexuality and the Brain......Page 36
Sexual Orientation......Page 38
Sexual Orientation and the Brain......Page 39
Conclusions......Page 40
References......Page 41
The ‘CRH Family’......Page 44
CRH Receptor Antagonists......Page 46
Clinical Implications of CRHR Antagonists......Page 47
References......Page 50
General Aspects......Page 52
‘Upstream’ Genes and the Transcriptional Control of Puberty......Page 53
Epigenetics and Puberty......Page 56
References......Page 57
Abstract......Page 60
Brain Sexual Differentiation and Puberty Onset......Page 61
Sexual Differentiation of Kiss1 Neurons: Functional Implications......Page 62
Kiss1 System and the Timing of Puberty: Mechanisms and Physiological Relevance......Page 63
Kiss1 System as Transmitter for the Metabolic Regulation of Puberty and Fertility......Page 65
Future Directions and Conclusions......Page 67
References......Page 68
Abstract......Page 71
Neurogenesis, Neuroprotection and Plasticity......Page 73
The Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 System in the Brain......Page 74
Age-Related Effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 on Neurogenesis......Page 75
Endogenous and Local Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 versus Therapy......Page 77
Treatment of Disease and Neurogenesis......Page 78
Experimental Validity for Human Clinical Use......Page 79
References......Page 80
Abstract......Page 85
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis......Page 86
Leptin and Central Peptide Hormones......Page 87
Linear Growth and Adolescent Development......Page 90
Body Composition and Adolescent Development......Page 91
References......Page 92
Abstract......Page 94
Neuroendocrine Actions......Page 95
Ghrelin, Appetite and Energy Expenditure......Page 97
Peripheral Metabolic Actions of Ghrelin......Page 99
References......Page 100
Abstract......Page 104
Methods......Page 105
Results......Page 108
Discussion......Page 110
References......Page 114
Abstract......Page 116
Synthetic GCs......Page 121
Serotonergic Drugs......Page 123
Conclusions......Page 125
References......Page 126
Abstract......Page 129
Sporadic Tumors......Page 136
Conclusion......Page 138
References......Page 140
Abstract......Page 142
Diagnosis of Paediatric Cushing’s Disease......Page 143
Treatment of Cushing’s Disease......Page 149
References......Page 151
Abstract......Page 154
Clinical Presentation......Page 155
Diagnosis......Page 160
Treatment Strategy......Page 162
Conclusion......Page 164
References......Page 165
Abstract......Page 168
Background......Page 169
Pituitary Adenomas......Page 171
Main Differential Diagnosis......Page 173
References......Page 180
Abstract......Page 183
Regulation of Resistin by Obesity and Insulin/Glucose Alterations......Page 184
Effects of Resistin on Glucose Metabolism......Page 185
Resistin and Lipid Metabolism......Page 187
Concluding Remarks......Page 189
References......Page 190
Abstract......Page 193
Hypothalamic Energy Regulation......Page 194
Etiologies of Hypothalamic Obesity......Page 195
Hormonal and Metabolic Characteristics of HyOb......Page 198
Treatment......Page 200
References......Page 201
Abstract......Page 205
Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis......Page 206
Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis......Page 207
Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis......Page 209
Peptides and Cytokines that Signal Energy Availability......Page 210
Leptin......Page 211
Peptide YY......Page 212
Bone Metabolism......Page 213
Hormonal Determinants of Low Bone Density in Anorexia Nervosa......Page 216
Body Composition......Page 218
Grant Support......Page 219
References......Page 220
Author Index......Page 223
Subject Index......Page 224
