Current research indicates that up to ten percent of children suffer from mental health problems at some point before reaching adulthood. Complex diagnostic criteria and medication regimes can make these patients a challenge to manage. The chronic shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists has led to more and more cases being cared for by pediatricians and primary care practitioners. Patients may be on multiple medications of long duration, and reaching a decision to modify or cease treatment is often complicated. Pediatric and Adolescent Psychopharmacology: A Practical Manual for Pediatricians is written for all non-psychiatrists who find themselves caring for children and teenagers with mental health disorders. It gives clear, expert guidance on the complexities of diagnosis of mental health disorders and provides practical, accessible advice on the complex treatment options available for many disorders. This text will be an invaluable resource for all clinicians who encounter these vulnerable patients.
Author(s): Donald E. Greydanus, Jr, Joseph L. Calles, Dilip R. Patel
Series: Cambridge Clinical Guides
Edition: 1
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2008
Language: English
Pages: 320
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Forewords......Page 13
Preface......Page 17
Acknowledgement......Page 19
Introduction......Page 21
Psychotherapy......Page 22
Treatment modalities......Page 23
Behavior therapy (BT)......Page 24
Family systems theory......Page 27
Social learning theory......Page 28
Interpersonal psychosocial therapy (IPT)......Page 30
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)......Page 31
Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD)......Page 34
Cognitive-adaptive disabilities......Page 35
Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD)......Page 36
Elimination disorders......Page 37
Self injury......Page 39
Sleep disorders......Page 40
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 42
Absorption......Page 45
Distribution......Page 47
Metabolism......Page 48
Excretion......Page 49
The neuron......Page 51
The synapse......Page 53
Chemical neurotransmission......Page 56
Allosteric modulation......Page 59
Agonists and antagonists......Page 60
Dopaminergic system......Page 61
The GABAergic system......Page 62
Glutamatergic system......Page 63
Noradrenergic system......Page 64
Serotonergic system......Page 65
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 66
3 Prescribing psychopharmacologic agents......Page 69
History......Page 71
Nonpharmacological treatment......Page 74
Patient and family education......Page 75
Switching, augmentation, combination......Page 76
What is the most important information I should know if my child is being prescribed an antidepressant?......Page 77
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 80
Epidemiology......Page 81
Differential diagnoses/comorbid disorders......Page 82
Medication classification and mechanism of action......Page 84
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors......Page 86
Benzodiazepines......Page 89
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors......Page 90
Other medication......Page 91
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors......Page 92
Other medication......Page 93
Tricyclic antidepressants......Page 94
Summary......Page 95
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 96
Introduction......Page 97
Evaluation......Page 98
Psychological management......Page 100
Methylphenidate preparations......Page 101
Amphetamine preparations......Page 106
Pemoline......Page 107
Side effects of stimulants......Page 108
Atomoxetine......Page 110
Tricyclic antidepressants......Page 112
Tricyclic antidepressant monitoring......Page 113
Clonidine......Page 115
Bupropion......Page 117
Modafinil......Page 118
Summary......Page 119
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 120
Definition......Page 123
Differential diagnosis/comorbidity......Page 124
Medication classification and mechanism of action......Page 125
Side effects (adverse effects)......Page 126
Contraindications......Page 129
How to use the medications (see Figures 6.1 and 6.2)......Page 130
How to monitor the medication......Page 132
Summary......Page 133
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 136
Definition......Page 137
Psychopharmacology......Page 138
Alpha-agonists......Page 141
Psychostimulants......Page 142
Mood stabilizers......Page 143
Antidepressants......Page 144
Mood stabilizers......Page 145
Psychostimulants......Page 146
Antidepressants......Page 147
Mood stabilizers......Page 148
Alpha-agonists......Page 149
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 150
Definition......Page 153
Differential diagnosis/comorbidity......Page 154
Antipsychotics......Page 155
Beta blockers......Page 157
Sedative-hypnotics......Page 158
Beta-blockers (see Chapter 7)......Page 159
Antipsychotics......Page 160
Beta-blockers......Page 164
Antidepressants......Page 165
Antihistamines......Page 166
Sedative-hypnotics......Page 167
Anticholinergics......Page 168
Antidepressants......Page 169
Anticholinergics......Page 170
Sedative-hypnotics......Page 171
Summary......Page 172
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 173
Epidemiology......Page 175
Pharmacotherapy......Page 176
Antidepressant agents......Page 177
Summary......Page 179
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 180
Definition......Page 183
Epidemiology......Page 184
Psychopharmacology......Page 185
Antidepressants......Page 188
Beta-blockers......Page 190
Psychostimulants (see also Chapter 5)......Page 191
Anxiolytics (see also Chapter 4)......Page 192
Antidepressants (see also Chapter 6)......Page 193
Beta-blockers......Page 194
Psychostimulants (see also Chapter 5)......Page 195
Mood stabilizers......Page 196
Antihistamines......Page 197
How to use the medications: problem-oriented approaches......Page 198
Aggression (see also Chapter 7)......Page 199
Self-injurious behavior (SIB)......Page 201
Hyperactivity/impulsivity (see also Chapter 5)......Page 203
Sleep disturbances (see also Chapter 11)......Page 204
Eating disturbances......Page 205
Obsessions/compulsions......Page 207
Other anxiety disorders......Page 208
Depression......Page 209
Psychosis......Page 210
Movement disorders......Page 211
Antidepressants (see also Chapter 6)......Page 212
Beta-blockers......Page 213
Sedative-hypnotics (see also Chapter 11)......Page 215
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 216
Introduction......Page 219
Insomnia......Page 224
Excessive daytime sleepiness......Page 225
Narcolepsy......Page 227
Parasomnias......Page 230
Restless legs syndrome (RLS)......Page 232
Sleep-disordered breathing......Page 237
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 241
Epidemiology......Page 243
Differential diagnosis/comorbidity......Page 245
Psychopharmacology......Page 247
Antidepressants......Page 249
Alpha agonists......Page 250
Others......Page 251
Muscle relaxants......Page 252
Antipsychotics......Page 253
Others......Page 254
Alpha agonists......Page 255
Antidepressants......Page 256
Alpha agonists......Page 257
Summary......Page 258
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 259
Introduction......Page 261
Alcohol......Page 265
Management of alcohol abuse......Page 268
Tobacco......Page 272
Management of tobacco abuse......Page 273
Marijuana......Page 280
Methamphetamine......Page 282
Management of cocaine addiction......Page 284
Opioids......Page 286
Heroin addiction management......Page 287
Hallucinogenic drugs......Page 291
MDMA (Ecstasy)......Page 292
Flunitrazepam......Page 293
Summary......Page 294
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 295
Subject index......Page 299
