Contrary to the common belief that peace and democracy go hand in hand after a civil war, Pereira Watts argues they are, in fact, at a crossroads.
Offering an innovative framework based on Philosophical, Actors, and Tactical considerations, Pereira Watts identifies 14 dynamic dilemmas in democratic peacebuilding, with respective trade-offs. She focuses on explaining the contradictions in modern post-conflict recovery, the challenges facing interim governments, and the international community’s role. Based on an analysis of more than 40 countries between 1989 and 2022 and more than 60 UN peace operations, she presents critical issues that commonly need to be addressed in such scenarios: Elections and Political Parties; the Constitution; Checks, Balances and Power-sharing; Transitional Justice; Human Rights, Amnesty, Truth Commissions and War Crimes Tribunals; Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration; and Media Reform and Civil Society. Solving any of these dilemmas leads to others that shape a complex apparatus for restoring peace and installing a new political regime.
An essential resource for decision-takers, policymakers, international analysts and practitioners in the field of peacebuilding that will also be of great value to students of International Relations and Peace Studies as well as anyone interested in peacekeeping, democracy-building, and state-building.
Author(s): Izabela Pereira Watts
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 338
City: London
Cover
Endorsement Page
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Foreword
List of peace operations
List of illustrations
Glossary of abbreviations and technical terms
About the author
Introduction
I.1 Concept foundations
I.2 The objective
I.3 Justification: why do peacebuilding, democratization, civil wars, and fragile states matter?
I.4 A note on global peace data: is the world becoming more or less peaceful?
I.5 A note on postwar democratization: democratic peace theory and sequential transition models
I.6 Book structure
I.7 Methodology: research design
I.8 Definitions: what are we talking about?
I.9 Overview of the chapters
Notes
References
Part I Transitional dilemmas, violent democracies, and the United Nations’s statecraft
Chapter 1 The transition from civil war to hybrid peace: 14 dilemmas of peace, democracy, and state-building in post-conflict societies
1.1 Transition from hybrid war to hybrid liberal peace: background approach
1.2 Theoretical foundation: transitional dilemmas
1.3 Dilemmas and trade-offs between efforts to promote peace or democracy: an advanced approach
1.4 Premises of the Philosophical–Actors–Tactical (P–A–T) framework of transitional post-conflict and peacebuilding dilemmas: its properties and limitations
1.5 Summary of the chapter
References
Chapter 2 United Nations hybrid liberal peace dilemmas: Contingent sovereignty, responsibility to protect and moral selectiveness
2.1 United Nations’s statecraft: “benign” autocracy versus autonomy
2.2 Westphalia versus post-Westphalia peace: legality, legitimacy, sovereignty, and R2P
2.3 Who deserves to be free and safe? Selectiveness, efficiency, and other dilemmas
2.4 Summary of the chapter
Note
References
Chapter 3 From guns to votes to doves: Violent transition with ballots and bullets
3.1 U curves and “violent democracy”: anocracies, civil wars, and fragile states
3.2 Dilemmas of violence in democratic civil peace transitions: causes and consequences of why violence breeds violence
3.2.1 Dimension of actors
3.2.2 Security dimension
3.2.3 Institutional dimension
3.3 Summary of the chapter
Notes
References
Chapter 4 What role do UN operations play in bringing simultaneously peace and democracy to post-civil war countries?
4.1 Methodology
4.2 Analysis of promoting the state, democracy, and peace in post-conflict societies
4.2.1 Postwar democratic civil peace through UN peacekeeping operations
4.2.2 Autonomous postwar democratic civil peace: cases without UN intervention
4.3 Addressing the role of UN peacekeeping operations in promoting the state, democracy, and peace with the P–A–T framework of dilemmas: why are there different results?
4.3.1 The United Nations as savior: why do some missions triumph with the “positive but modest approach”?
4.3.2 Relying on the United Nations: why do some missions fail?
4.3.3 Not so peaceful nor so democratic: why are some countries stuck in the middle?
4.3.4 Action for Peacekeeping: is the answer for more effective operations?
4.4 Summary of the chapter
Notes
References
Part II Transitions to political, legal, civil, and social orders
Chapter 5 From war to peace: When elections and political parties promote democracy?
5.1 Elections: from the battlefield of war to the ballot box battlefield
5.2 Elections in dangerous place: more dilemmas than solutions
5.3 Demilitarization of politics and democratization of warlords: victorious guerrilla fighters turned democratic rulers
5.3.1 Literature review: transforming warring armies into political parties
5.3.2 Dilemmas of transforming warring armies into political parties
5.4 Summary of the chapter
Notes
References
Chapter 6 When the pen fails, the sword rules: Constitution building and power-sharing for divided societies
6.1 Conceptualization of sharing power and constitutionalism: division, competition, and institutional arrangements
6.1.1 Constitutional reform and dual power-sharing: the alternative of semi-presidentialism as cohabitation of power
6.1.2 Risks of constitutional reform: balance and alternation of power in democracy- building
6.2 Consociational democracy and power-sharing: alternatives for shared rule, self-rule, and the “tyranny of the majority”
6.2.1 Power-sharing arrangements and five case studies: good or bad for democracy and peacebuilding?
6.2.2 Additional power-sharing arrangements: peaceful alternatives but not so democratic
6.2.3 Power-sharing in Kosovo: consensus, consociational democracy, or no democracy at all?
6.2.4 Summing up power-sharing dilemmas: positive peace and negative democracy
Notes
References
Chapter 7 No Justice, (no) peace?: Democratic injustice or undemocratic justice in the name of human rights and reconciliation
7.1 Human rights: would amnesty ensure peace and democracy?
7.2 Justice matters: Truth and reconciliation commission and ad hoc tribunals
7.3 Leges inter arma silent: in the limbo between traditional and legal justice systems
7.4 Summary of the chapter
Notes
References
Chapter 8 Silencing the guns through DDR and SSR: The securitization of peace or governance of insecure democracy?
8.1 What do we know about DDR and SSR?
8.2 Trusting the enemy: dilemmas of post-conflict securitization and governance
8.2.1 Good timing for DDR/SSR: cost, sequencing, ownership, and other dilemmas
8.2.2 A note on the privatization of peace: more problems than solutions?
8.3 A case study on the security sector of Central African Republic: worse than a failure
8.4 A case study on the security sector of Timor-Leste: a partial or no reform?
8.5 Summary of the chapter
Notes
References
Chapter 9 From war to peace: Voters but not yet citizens
9.1 Civil society: the people’s voice on human rights and the parallel state
9.1.1 Dilemmas on how to go from civil strife to civil society in disrupted states: politicized and “uncivil” agents
9.2 Media reform and freedom of speech: (un)peaceful, (not) free and (un)fair
9.3 Summary of the chapter
Note
References
Part III Conclusion and recommendations
From hybrid democratic peace toward an integrated transition: Conclusion, limitations, and recommendations
Appendix
Index
