Ho-Won Jeong explains and assesses major approaches to dealing with ethnic conflict, communal violence, inter-state war and social injustice. The book analyses not only the sources of violence and conflict, but also how to manage and prevent them. As peace is relevant to improvement in human well-being and the future survival of humanity, the volume encompasses a variety of themes, ranging from alternative security policies, methods of peaceful settlement, human rights, self-determination, environmental politics, global governance and non-violence. Reflecting on the current thinking and drawing lessons from the past, the book can be considered as the most authoritative introduction to the field since the end of the Cold War.
Author(s): Ho-Won Jeong
Edition: Hardcover
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2000
Language: English
Commentary: Studies in peace and conflict research
Pages: 424
Tags: achieved action activities adversarial aggression agreement Angola arms race autonomy behaviour building Cambodia century challenges civil civilian collective security concerns Convention cooperation created cultural decision defence destruction developing countries disarmament disputes dominant ecological economic economic sanctions elimination environment environmental ethnic European forces global goals grassroots groups human rights identity indigenous individual industrialised institutions
Contents
Foreword to the Series by Chadwick F. Alger-----------------------------------------14
Foreword by John W. Burton-------------------------------------------------------------16
Preface-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
INTRODUCTION------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
The Framework of the Book--------------------------------------------------------------19
PART I: MEANINGS, CONCEPTS AND DISCOURSE------------------------------------21
1 Challenges for Peace-------------------------------------------------------------------22
Visions of Peace-----------------------------------------------------------------------------22
Historical Experiences---------------------------------------------------------------------23
Culture and Social Values-----------------------------------------------------------------25
Continuity and Discontinuity-------------------------------------------------------------26
Zones of Instability--------------------------------------------------------------------------27
2 Concepts of Peace and Violence------------------------------------------------------29
Direct and Structural Violence------------------------------------------------------------29
Cultural Violence-----------------------------------------------------------------------------31
Negative and Positive Peace--------------------------------------------------------------31
Holistic Conceptions of Peace------------------------------------------------------------35
3 Conflict Analysis--------------------------------------------------------------------------36
Structural Conditions-----------------------------------------------------------------------36
Conflict and Social Order------------------------------------------------------------------37
Traditional Management Strategies----------------------------------------------------37
Dispute Settlement and Conflict Resolution---------------------------------------38
Conflict Transformation and Peace Building---------------------------------------39
4 Peace Research------------------------------------------------------------------------41
Social Environment----------------------------------------------------------------------41
Evolution of Peace Research----------------------------------------------------------42
Nature of Peace Research-------------------------------------------------------------43
Methods for Inquiry--------------------------------------------------------------------44
Epistemological Foundations--------------------------------------------------------45
Policy Orientation---------------------------------------------------------------------45
Levels of Analysis----------------------------------------------------------------------46
PART II: ISSUES------------------------------------------------------------------------------48
5 Understanding War---------------------------------------------------------------------49
Nature of War-------------------------------------------------------------------------------49
Human Costs of War-----------------------------------------------------------------------51
Types of War--------------------------------------------------------------------------------52
Post-Colonial Context---------------------------------------------------------------------53
Just War Theory----------------------------------------------------------------------------55
6 Sources of Social Conflict---------------------------------------------------------------57
Human Nature and Violence--------------------------------------------------------------57
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis------------------------------------------------------58
Psychoanalytic Perspectives---------------------------------------------------------------58
Relative Deprivation-------------------------------------------------------------------------59
Basic Needs------------------------------------------------------------------------------------60
Identity Formation-------------------------------------------------------------------61
Conflict Dynamics in Divided Societies------------------------------------------61
7 Feminist Understandings of Violence-----------------------------------------63
Violence against Women------------------------------------------------------------63
Construction of Gender Identities-------------------------------------------------64
Masculine and Feminine Values----------------------------------------------------64
Patriarchy and Domination----------------------------------------------------------65
Feminist Critique of the World Order---------------------------------------------66
Women and the Military-------------------------------------------------------------66
Shared Goals of Peace and Feminism---------------------------------------------67
Reconceptualisation of Security----------------------------------------------------68
8 Political Economy-------------------------------------------------------------------70
Economic Disparities------------------------------------------------------------------70
Free Market Economy and Class Relations--------------------------------------71
International Capitalism and War-------------------------------------------------71
Economic Integration and Globalisation-----------------------------------------72
Social Transition-----------------------------------------------------------------------73
9 Environmental Concerns--------------------------------------------------------74
Changes in the Environmental System------------------------------------------74
Population Growth-------------------------------------------------------------------76
Tragedy of the Commons-----------------------------------------------------------77
Resource Scarcity and Conflict----------------------------------------------------78
Environmental Security-------------------------------------------------------------79
PART III: STRATEGIES FOR PEACE-----------------------------------------------------81
10 Control of Military Power----------------------------------------------------------82
Balance of Power-------------------------------------------------------------------------82
Collective Security------------------------------------------------------------------------85
Peace Keeping Operations--------------------------------------------------------------90
Humanitarian Intervention--------------------------------------------------------------97
Non-Provocative Defence--------------------------------------------------------------101
Civilian Based Defence-------------------------------------------------------------------104
Confidence Building----------------------------------------------------------------------104
Disarmament and Arms Control------------------------------------------------------106
Peace Conversion------------------------------------------------------------------------113
11 Conflict Resolution and Management------------------------------------------116
Negotiation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------116
Good Offices--------------------------------------------------------------------------------119
Enquiry---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------119
Arbitration----------------------------------------------------------------------------------120
Judicial Settlement------------------------------------------------------------------------122
Conciliation---------------------------------------------------------------------------------123
Mediation-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------124
Problem Solving Workshop-------------------------------------------------------------127
Second Track Diplomacy-----------------------------------------------------------------130
Reconciliation-------------------------------------------------------------------------------131
Post-Conflict Reconstruction--------------------------------------------------------------132
Preventive Diplomacy and Intervention------------------------------------------------134
Early Warning Systems----------------------------------------------------------------------137
A Final Note------------------------------------------------------------------------------------138
12 Human Rights----------------------------------------------------------------------------139
Human Rights Abuses-----------------------------------------------------------------------139
Connections to Peace-----------------------------------------------------------------------140
Three Generations of Human Rights Movements------------------------------------141
Development of Principles and Norms--------------------------------------------------142
Conventions in Specific Categories------------------------------------------------------144
Implementation of Human Rights Policy-----------------------------------------------145
State Sovereignty and Human Rights Protection-------------------------------------147
Regional Experiences------------------------------------------------------------------------148
Nongovernmental Organisations and Grassroots Struggle------------------------148
13 Self-Determination---------------------------------------------------------------------150
Basic Principles-------------------------------------------------------------------------------150
Historical Context----------------------------------------------------------------------------151
The Basis of Claims for Self-Determination--------------------------------------------152
Democratic Ideals and States-------------------------------------------------------------153
Autonomy of Minority Groups and Indigenous Peoples----------------------------153
State and National Boundaries----------------------------------------------------------154
Failure of Nation-State Building---------------------------------------------------------155
Multi-Ethnic State---------------------------------------------------------------------------155
Methods for Reducing Intergroup Tension-------------------------------------------156
A Final Note------------------------------------------------------------------------------------160
14 Development-----------------------------------------------------------------------------161
Modernisation--------------------------------------------------------------------------------161
A Growth-Oriented Development Model----------------------------------------------162
International Economic Imbalance------------------------------------------------------162
Dependency Theories-----------------------------------------------------------------------163
Import Substituting Industrialisation----------------------------------------------------164
The New International Economic Order------------------------------------------------165
Structural Adjustment----------------------------------------------------------------------167
Human Centred Development-----------------------------------------------------------168
Endogenous Development----------------------------------------------------------------169
Self-Reliance----------------------------------------------------------------------------------169
Empowerment and Grassroots Strategies---------------------------------------------171
Urban Informal Sectors---------------------------------------------------------------------171
Women’s Struggle for Survival------------------------------------------------------------172
Meanings of Development-----------------------------------------------------------------173
Development Discourse and Power-----------------------------------------------------173
A Final Note-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------174
15 Environmental Politics----------------------------------------------------------------176
Building Global Consensus----------------------------------------------------------------176
International Policies-----------------------------------------------------------------------177
Management of the Global Commons-------------------------------------------------180
Free Trade and the Environment--------------------------------------------------------183
International Organisations and Coordination---------------------------------------184
Nongovernmental Organisations--------------------------------------------------------185
Struggles in Indigenous Communities--------------------------------------------------186
Sustainable Development-----------------------------------------------------------------188
Prospects for Future Cooperation-------------------------------------------------------189
16 Global Order and Governance------------------------------------------------------191
Origins of a Sovereign State System----------------------------------------------------191
Realism and Neorealism-------------------------------------------------------------------191
Transnational Relations: Actors and Process------------------------------------------192
International Regimes----------------------------------------------------------------------193
Functionalism--------------------------------------------------------------------------------195
Neofunctionalism---------------------------------------------------------------------------196
World Government-------------------------------------------------------------------------200
Anarchism------------------------------------------------------------------------------------203
Global Civil Society-------------------------------------------------------------------------204
A Final Note----------------------------------------------------------------------------------205
17 Nonviolence----------------------------------------------------------------------------206
Meanings-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------206
Traditions¬-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------207
Nonviolence Theory on Power-----------------------------------------------------------208
Moral and Political Principles------------------------------------------------------------209
Nonviolence Principles of Social Life---------------------------------------------------210
Technique Approach-----------------------------------------------------------------------212
Nonviolent Direct Action-----------------------------------------------------------------214
Justification of Nonviolent Methods--------------------------------------------------215
18 Peace Movements-------------------------------------------------------------------217
History of Peace Movements----------------------------------------------------------217
Building a Popular Base for Nuclear Disarmament-------------------------------223
Innovations in Anti-Intervention Movements-------------------------------------225
Community Peace Activities-----------------------------------------------------------226
Politics of Peace Movements----------------------------------------------------------227
Issues and Strategies--------------------------------------------------------------------228
Organisational Bases and Structure-------------------------------------------------229
Major Characteristics of Peace Movements---------------------------------------230
Peace Movements in Developing Countries---------------------------------------231
Commitment and Motivation---------------------------------------------------------232
A Final Note--------------------------------------------------------------------------------233
PART IV INTEGRATION-------------------------------------------------------------------234
19 Applications and Future Directions----------------------------------------------235
Challenges and Paradigm Shift--------------------------------------------------------235
Designing a Peace System--------------------------------------------------------------235
Structural Change------------------------------------------------------------------------237
Personal Transformation---------------------------------------------------------------237
Reweaving Relations--------------------------------------------------------------------238
Future Directions-------------------------------------------------------------------------239
Bibliography-------------------------------------------------------------------------------242
Index----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------258
