Pathophysiology for each body system provides students with a solid grounding in the normal physiology of each body system prior to learning the pathology.
It Happened in the Clinic boxes in each chapter help students associate pathological conditions with actual clinical cases. Geriatric Considerations boxes train the student PTA to be tuned in to the concerns of geriatric patients.
Specific to PTA sections identify contraindications and precautions essential for the PTA to be aware of when treating patients with specific pathologies.
Why Does the PTA Need to Know This? sections provide a foundation for learning specific pathologies as they relate to the practice of physical therapy.
Sections on physical therapy intervention offer an overview for specific manifestations of pathologies.
Each chapter also includes a listing of "Chapter Concepts" content objectives and a glossary of new terms highlighted in bold. Reference boxes to the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice enhance its relevance to practice.
Author(s): Penelope J. Lescher
Publisher: F. A. Davis Company
Year: 2011
Language: English
Pages: 654
City: Philadelphia
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgments
Reviewers
Contents
Chapter 1: Inflammation and Healing
Introduction
Normal Cell Anatomy and Physiology
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Plasma Membrane
Cell Injury
Cell Injury—Reversible
Cell Injury—Irreversible
Cellular Responses to Damage or Stimuli
Inflammation
Causes of the Inflammatory Response
Polymorphonucleocytes
Eosinophils
Monocytes and Macrophages
Platelets
Basophils
Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells
Classification of Inflammation
Physical Therapy Treatment for Inflammation
Healing
Cells Involved in the Healing Process
Types of Healing
Complications of Wound Healing Other Than Delayed Healing
Special Aspects Regarding Pressure Ulcers
Physical Therapy Intervention for Wounds
Bone Healing
Ligament Healing
Muscle and Tendon Healing
Pain
Pain Control Theories
Physical Therapy Interventions
Pain Assessment
Chapter 2: Immunopathology, Neoplasia, and Chromosome Abnormalities
Introduction
Immunopathology
Cells of the Immune Response
Hypersensitivity Reactions
Type I Hypersensitivity
Type II Hypersensitivity
Type III Hypersensitivity
Type IV Hypersensitivity
Vaccination
Effects of Exercise on the Immune Response
Infections
Types of Microorganisms
Development of Infection
Treatment of Infection
Neoplasia
Carcinogens
Risk Factors for Malignant Tumors
Box 2.1
Treatment Interventions for Cancer
Genetic and Hereditary Chromosome Diseases
The Normal Chromosome
Overview of Genetic and Hereditary Chromosome Diseases
Chromosome Abnormalities
Chromosome Abnormality Conditions
Developmental Diseases/Birth Injuries
Genetically Linked Diseases
Chapter 3: Cardiovascular Pathologies
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Cardiovascular System
The Heart
Neural Control of the Heart
Nerve Conduction System of the Heart
Coronary Circulation
Cardiac Cycle
Heart Sounds
Pulse
Cardiac Output
Blood Pressure
Blood Vessels
Lymphatic System
Pathology of the Cardiovascular System
General Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Disease
Box 3.1
Diagnostic Tests Performed for Cardiac Patients
Disorders and Pathological Conditions of the Heart
Heart Transplant
Open Heart Surgery
Cardiac Surgeries and Cardiac Rehabilitation
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
Pacemaker Insertion
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Artery Angioplasty
Arterial Diseases
Venous Diseases
Blood Disorders
Lymphatic Disorders
Cardiovascular System Failure
Physical Therapy Treatment and the Role of the PTA in Cardiac and Circulatory Conditions
Other Considerations
Home Health Physical Therapy
Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation
Chapter 4: Respiratory Diseases
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System
The Thoracic Cage and Its Contents
Physiology of Ventilation and Respiration
Muscles of Ventilation
Objective Findings
Tests for Respiratory Function
Subjective Findings
Lung Function Tests
Diseases of the Respiratory System
General Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Diseases
Pathological Conditions of the Respiratory Tract
Pulmonary Surgery
Post–pulmonary Surgery Complications
Classes of Medications Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases
The Role of the PTA in Interventions for Patients With Respiratory Diseases
Specific Physical Therapy Treatment Interventions for Patients With Respiratory Pathologies
Chapter 5: Degenerative Joint Diseases and Bone Pathologies
Introduction
Normal Joint Structure
Normal Anatomy and Physiology of Bone
Degenerative Diseases of Joints
Surgical Intervention for Arthritis
Diseases of Bone
Bone Diseases Associated With Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism
Bone Tumors
Cartilage Tumors
Joint Abnormalities
Genetic Bone Abnormalities
Chapter 6: Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Conditions
Introduction
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Articular (Joint) Pathological Changes
Nonarticular (Nonjoint) Pathological Changes
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis and Still’s Disease
Rheumatoid-Related Inflammatory Joint Pathologies
Connective Tissue Diseases
Other Rheumatoidand Connective Tissue–Associated Diseases
Muscle Diseases
Chapter 7: Neurological Disorders
Introduction
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Neurological System
Development of the Nervous System in the Fetus
The Neuron
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Testing for the Neurological System
Physical Therapy Treatment for People With Neurological Conditions
Adverse Mechanical/Neural Tension
Alexander Technique
Brunnstrom Approach
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy
Craniosacral Therapy
Feldenkrais Method
Myofascial Release
Neurodevelopmental Therapy/Bobath Techniques
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Sensory Integration
Tai Chi Chuan in Rehabilitation
Neurological Disorders
Neurological Conditions Resulting From Deficits in the Development of the Nervous System or Birth Injury
Common Neurological Disorders
Chapter 8: Burns and Skin Conditions
Anatomy And Physiology of the Skin
Introduction
Skin Conditions and Diseases
Thermal Injuries
Cold Injuries
Infectious Diseases of the Skin
Chapter 9: Endocrine, Metabolic, and Nutritional Disorders
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine System
Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders
Pituitary Diseases
Thyroid Diseases
Adrenal Cortex Diseases
Adrenal Medulla Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic Coma
Metabolic Disorders
Balance of Acids and Bases
Nutritional Disorders
Overweight and Obesity
Eating Disorders
Mineral Deficiencies
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chapter 10: Infectious Diseases
Introduction
Hepatitis
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Nosocomial Infections
Insect (Vector)and Animal-Borne Infectious Diseases
Preventable Infectious Diseases for Which Health Care Workers Are Required to Have Immunity
Other Infectious Diseases
Chapter 11: Female and Male Reproductive System Conditions
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
Diseases and Conditions of the Female Reproductive System
Menstrual Cycle Problems
Carcinomas of the Female Reproductive System
Intrauterine Devices and Their Significance in Physical Therapy Intervention
Diseases of the Breast
Pregnancy
Lactation
Monitoring of the Fetus During Pregnancy
Precautions and Contraindications for PT Intervention During Pregnancy
Pregnancy-Related Conditions
Labor
Complications of Labor
Postpartum Issues and Problems
Menopause
Male Reproductive Anatomy
Diseases of the Male Reproductive System
Congenital Abnormalities
Prostate Diseases
Testicular Diseases
Chapter 12: Diseases of the Digestive and Urinary Systems
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System
Diagnostic Medical Tests for Digestive System Diseases
Diseases of the Digestive System
Diseases of the Esophagus
Diseases of the Mouth and Pharynx
Diseases of the Stomach
Diseases of the Small Intestine
Diseases of the Large Bowel and Large Intestine
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder
Liver Diseases and Conditions Caused by Drugs, Medications, and Toxins
Diseases of the Pancreas
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System
Diagnostic Tests and Procedures for the Urinary Tract
Terms Associated With Urinary Disease
Diseases of the Urinary Tract
Diseases of the Bladder
Diseases of the Kidney
Chapter 13: Intensive Care
Introduction
The Intensive Care Unit
General Precautions and Recommendations for Treating Patients in the ICU
Equipment Used in the ICU
What Causes a Patient to Be Placed in the ICU?
Physical Therapy Interventions Used for Patients With Specific Diagnoses on the ICU
Prevention of Pressure Ulcers
Legal and Ethical Issues
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Chapter 14: The Geriatric Patient
Introduction
Overview of Geriatrics
Physiological Effects of Aging
Effects of Age on the Skin
False Assumptions About the Elderly
Psychological Effects of Aging
Specific Diseases Prevalent in the Elderly Population
Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye
Pathological Conditions of the Eye
Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear
Pathological Conditions of the Ear
Other Conditions or Disorders Related to Aging
Amputation
Arthritis
Balance Problems, Falls, and Immobility
Bowel and Bladder Dysfunction
Dementia
Diabetes Mellitus
Malnutrition
Parkinson’s Disease
Pressure Ulcers
Terminal Illness
Special Issues Related to Geriatric Patients
Elder Abuse
Glossary
Index
