Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases provides information on the diseases and applied epidemiology of all aquatic animal taxa, including invertebrates and vertebrates, along with information on applied epidemiology, acknowledging the One Health concept, and discussion on probabilities of disease outbreaks occurring and assesses the economic costs of treating those outbreaks, if applicable.
Divided into two sections, the book looks at the pathology of major aquatic taxa and their associated infectious diseases--parasitic, viral, and bacterial--and non-infectious diseases. Each includes an overview, their host range and transmission, signs and diagnosis, differentials, and treatment and management. These assets are accompanied by clinical signs-lesion differential charts.
Sample topics discussed in Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases include:
Echinoderms, including crinoidea (crinoids, sea lilies, feather stars, and asteroidea), sea stars/starfish, and ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars) Reptiles, including turtles (freshwater and marine), crocodilians, marine iguanas, and sea snakes Pinnipeds, including otariidae (eared seals), odobenidae (walruses), phocidae (earless seals), mustelidae (otters), and sirenia (manatees and dugongs) Tropical marine aquarium fish (damselfish, angelfish, gobies, wrasses, parrotfish, butterfly fish, and clownfish) and anemones. A highly useful reference for veterinary practitioners, academic staff, and researchers, Pathology and Epidemiology of Aquatic Animal Diseases is also suitable for those who are interested in aquatic veterinary medicine and serves as a companion to Fundamentals of Aquatic Veterinary Medicine, written by the same editorial team.
Author(s): Laura Urdes; Chris Walster; Julius Tepper
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 447
City: Hoboken
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I Pathology of Aquatic Animal Species
Introduction to the Manifestation of Disease and Major Pathogens
Chapter 1 Aquatic Invertebrates
Porifera (Sponges)
Overview
Clinical Signs
Coelenterates
Taxonomic Overview
Key Points
Clinical Signs
Clinical Signs: Corals (Anthozoans)
Diseases of Coral in Cultivation and Aquaria
Diseases of Small Polyp Stony Coral
Acropora-Eating Flatworm
Parasitic Copepods/Amphipods
Ciliates
Montipora-Eating Nudibranch
Diseases of Large Polyp Stony Corals
Euphyilla Flatworms
Dendrophilia-Eating Nudibranch
Diseases of Zoanthids
Zoanthid-Eating Nudibranch
Zoanthid Sea Spider
Other Parasites
Red Planaria (Convolutriloba retrogemma) (Figure 1.17)
Vermetidae Infestation
Class Hydrozoa
Introduction
Infectious Diseases
Mollusks (Bivalves)
Anatomy and Clinical Features
Clinical Differentials
Specific Diseases
Other Pathologies
Zoonoses
Abalone
Culture Methods
Breeding
Anesthetics
Environmental Requirements
Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
Helminths
Non-Infectious Diseases
Miscellaneous Findings
Sampling for Laboratory Testing
Cephalopods
Gastropods
Crustacea
Overview
Biology
Aquaculture and Economic Significance
Aquaria
Disease and Diagnostics
Clinical Signs
Specific Diseases
Notifiable Diseases
Freshwater Infections
Non-Notifiable Diseases
Zoonoses
References
Appendix 1.1
Chapter 2 Teleost Fish
Parasitic Diseases
Ectoparasites
Flukes (Monogenean Parasites)
Digenean Black Spot Disease
Turbellarian Black Spot Disease (Tang Disease, Black Itch)
Piscicolosis
Fish Henneguya (Henneguyosis)
Parasitic Crustacean Infestations
Endoparasites
Fish Eustrongylides (Eustrongylidosis)
Fish Anisakis (Anisakidosis)
Fish Tapeworm Infection (Diphyllobothriasis)
Fish Triaenophorus (Triaenophorosis)
Intestinal Ligulosis
References
Appendix 2.1
Appendix 2.2
Appendix 2.3
Chapter 3 Amphibians
Ranavirosis
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Bacterial Dermatosepticemia (Red Leg Syndrome)
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Ammonia Toxicity
Overview
Etiology
Host Range
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Gas Bubble Disease
Overview and Etiology
Host Range
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Frog Chytridiomycosis
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Salamander Chytridiomycosis
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Renal Calculi (Oxalate Toxicity or Nephrocalcinosis)
Overview
Etiology
Host Range
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Mycobacteriosis
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Pulmonary Nematodiasis
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Hypovitaminosis A (Short-Tongue Syndrome)
Overview
Etiology
Host Range
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Corneal Lipidosis
Overview
Etiology
Host Range
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Renal (Lucké’s) Adenocarcinoma
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Herpesvirus Skin Disease
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Hemoparasites
Overview
Etiology
Host Range and Transmission
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Ascites/Lymphedema
Overview
Etiology
Host Range
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Other Fungal Diseases
Bibliography
Appendix 3.1
Chapter 4 Reptiles
Introduction to the Manifestation of Disease and Major Pathogens of Aquatic Reptiles
Marine Turtles
Prevention and Control of Marine Turtle Diseases
Viral Disease
Fibropapillomatosis
Lung–Eye–Trachea Disease
Gray Patch Disease
Parasitic Disease
Spirorchiidiasis
Coccidiosis
Bacterial Diseases
Fungal Diseases
Overview
Non–Infectious Disease
Buoyancy Disorder/Floater’s Syndrome
Trauma
Cold Stunning
Freshwater Turtles
Diseases of Freshwater Turtles: Transmission, Prevention, Treatment, and Control
Bacterial Disease
Viral Disease
Ranavirus
Herpesvirus
Trionyx Sinensis Hemorrhagic Syndrome Virus
Nidoviruses
Fungal Disease
Parasites
Crocodilians
Prevention and Control of Crocodilian Diseases
Viral Disease
Poxviral Infections
Systemic Lymphoproliferative Syndrome With Encephalitis
Adenoviral infection
West Nile Viral Disease
Parasitic Disease
Cutaneous Paratrichosomiasis
Coccidiosis
Bacterial disease
Overview
Etiology
Host Factors and Transmission
Gross and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Nutritional Disease
Overview
Etiology
Host Factors and Transmission
Gross and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Gout
Overview
Etiology
Host Factors and Transmission
Gross and Clinical Signs
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Marine Iguanas
Sea Snakes
Bibliography
Appendix 4.1
Chapter 5 Aquatic Birds
Parasitic Diseases of Major Taxa
Ectoparasites
Metazoan Parasites
Hemoprotozoans and Intracellular Protozoans
Viral Diseases
Avian Poxvirus Disease
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Duck Virus Enteritis (“Duck Plague”)
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Avian Influenza
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
West Nile Disease
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Eastern Equine Encephalitis
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Newcastle Disease
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Wellfleet Bay Virus Disease
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Aquatic Bird Bornavirus 1 Disease
Overview/Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Bacterial Diseases of Major Taxa
Salmonellosis
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Mycobacteriosis (Tuberculosis)
Overview/Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Pasteurellosis
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Chlamydiosis
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Infection with Reimerella anatipestifer
Overview/Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Fungal Diseases of Major Taxa
Aspergillosis
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Candidiasis
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Non-Infectious Diseases of Major Taxa
Trauma
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Starvation
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Gout or Hyperuricemia
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Ingestion of Foreign Bodies
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Amyloidosis (Protein Misfolding Disease)
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Exertional Myopathy
Overview and Etiology
Pododermatitis (“Bumblefoot”)
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Spontaneous Neoplasia
Overview and Etiology
Toxicoses of Major Taxa
Heavy Metal Intoxications
Lead Toxicosis
Zinc Toxicosis
Mercury Toxicosis
Organophosphates and Carbamates
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
Biotoxins from Harmful Algal Blooms
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Avian Vacuolar Myelinopathy
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Botulism
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Mycotoxicosis
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Oiling of Aquatic Birds
Overview and Etiology
Signs and Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Salt Toxicosis
Disease Epidemiology in Aquatic birds
References
Appendix 5.1
Chapter 6 Aquatic Mammals
Parasitic Diseases of Major Taxa
Protista (Ciliates, Flagellates, Amoebae and Apicomplexa)
Etiology, Host Range and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment/Management
Trematoda: Digenia
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Cestoda
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Acanthocephala
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and Management
Nematoda
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Arthropods
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Bacterial Diseases
Leptospirosis
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Brucellosis
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Coxiella burnetti
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Vibriosis
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and Management
Pasteurellosis
Etiology, Host Range, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Enterobacteriaceae
Klebsiellosis
Etiology and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Salmonellosis
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and Management
Melioidosis
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Campylobacteriosis
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and management
Erysipelosis
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and Management
Nocardiosis
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Other Pyogenic Bacteria
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Mycobacteriosis
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Mollicutes
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Fungal Diseases (Dermatophytosis and Systemic Mycosis)
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Dermatophytosis
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Systemic Mycosis
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Viral Diseases
RNA Viruses
Morbillivirus infection
Influenza
Coronaviruses
Caliciviruses
DNA Viruses
Herpesviruses
Papillomaviruses
Poxviruses
Adenoviruses
Non-Infectious Disease
Neoplasia
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Toxins
Harmful Algal Blooms
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and Management
Persistent Organic Pollutants
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and Management
Heavy Metals
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Congenital or Genetic Diseases
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Age-Related or Degenerative Pathology
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
Etiology, Clinical and Gross Signs, Diagnosis
Treatment and Management
Miscellaneous Diseases
Amyloidosis
Etiology, Clinical and Gross Signs, Diagnosis
Treatment and Management
Gastrointestinal Ulceration
Etiology, Clinical and Gross Signs, Diagnosis
Treatment and Management
Cardiomyopathy
Etiology, Clinical and Gross Signs, Diagnosis
Dermatitis in Northern Elephant Seals
Etiology, Clinical and Gross Signs, Diagnosis
Treatment and Management
Alopecia in Pinnipeds and Polar Bears
Etiology, Clinical and Gross Signs, Diagnosis
Treatment and Management
Freshwater Skin Disease
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and Management
Ultraviolet Irradiation (Sunburn)
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differential Diagnoses
Treatment and Management
Angiomatosis
Etiology, Host Factors, and Transmission
Clinical and Gross Signs
Diagnosis
Differentials
Treatment and Management
Trauma
Predation and Interspecific Aggression
Human Interaction
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
Appendix 6.1
Part II Epidemiology and Animal Health Economics
Introduction
Chapter 7 Epidemiology Keyword Refresher
Biosecurity
Design Prevalence
Epidemiology
Epidemiological Unit
Incidence
Likelihood ratios
Monitoring
Odds Ratio
Predictive values
Prevalence
Probability (Frequentist)
Probability (Bayesian)
Probability Notation
Independent Probabilities
Conditional Probabilities
Relative Risk
Sensitivity
Specificity
Surveillance
Probabilities and Probability Distributions
Independent Probabilities
Conditional Probabilities
Mutually Exclusive Probabilities
Independent Events That can Occur Simultaneously
Probability Distributions
Distributions Used to Model a Binomial Process
Binomial Distribution
Syntax for Excel
Beta Distribution
Example
Syntax for Excel
Negative Binomial Distribution
Example
Syntax for Excel
Distributions Used to Model a Poisson Process
Poisson Distribution
Gamma Distribution (a)
Gamma Distribution (b)
Exponential Distribution
Hypergeometric Distribution
Lognormal Distribution
Normal Distribution
Pert Distribution
Using and Assessing Data Sources
Descriptive Epidemiology
Analytic Epidemiology
Cross-sectional studies
Cohort Studies
Case–Control Studies
Ecologic Studies
Randomized Controlled Trials
Expert Opinion
Further Reading
Chapter 8 Diagnostics: Sampling and Diagnostic Testing
Test Characteristics
Tests in Combination
To Obtain an Estimation of Disease Prevalence
Example
References
Chapter 9 Biosecurity: The Use of Risk Assessment, Surveillance, Outbreak Investigation, Modelling Disease Outbreaks
Risk Assessment
Disease Risk Analysis: Evaluating an Operation’s Risk from Disease Hazard
Identifying an Aquaculture Operations Critical Control Points
Disease Risk Management/Mitigation Options
Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance Information
Determining Disease Status and Freedom – Qualitative Compared With Quantitative Approaches
Disease Diagnostics and Monitoring
Auditing and Certifying Biosecurity Status
The Risk of Introducing Infection
Demonstrating Freedom from Disease
Basic Sampling for Presence or Absence of Disease
Risk-Based Sampling for Presence or Absence of Disease
Scenario Tree Modelling
Surveillance
Principles of Outbreak Investigation
Disease Contingency Plans
Disease Dynamics, Prevention and Control
Threshold for Disease Transmission
How Fast Does an Outbreak Take-Off?
Observed or Effective Reproduction Ratio
Modeling Disease Dynamics
Selecting the Model Structure
Difference Equation Models
Model Parameters
References
Further Reading
Chapter 10 Animal Health Economics
Economics and Biosecurity
Opportunity Costs
Rational Choices
Marginal Costs and Benefits
Production Functions
Economic Analysis of the Epidemiological Unit Biosecurity Plan
Partial Budgeting
Decision Tree Analysis
Cost–Benefit Analysis
References
Further Reading
Index
EULA
