It is generally felt in the cosmology and particle astrophysics community that we have just entered an era which later can only be looked back upon as a golden age. Thanks to the rapid technical development, with powerful new telescopes and other detectors taken into operation at an impressive rate, and the accompanying advancement of theoretical ideas, the picture of the past, present and future Universe is getting ever clearer. Some of the most exciting new findings and expected future developments are discussed in this valuable volume. The topics covered include the physics of the early Universe and ultra-high energy processes. Emphasis is also put on neutrino physics and astrophysics, with the evidence for non-zero neutrino masses emerging from both solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos covered in great depth. Another field with interesting new results concerns the basic cosmological parameters, where both traditional methods and the potential of new ones, like deep supernova surveys and acoustic peak detections in the cosmic microwave background, are thoroughly discussed. Various aspects of the dark matter problem, such as gravitational lensing estimates of galaxy masses, cluster evolution and hot cluster electron distortions of the thermal microwave background spectrum, are also discussed, as are particle physics candidates of dark matter and methods to detect them. Cosmic rays of matter and antimatter are included as a topic, and so is the problem of the enigmatic dark energy of the vacuum.
Author(s): Lars Bergstrom, Per Carlson, Claes Fransson
Edition: 1st
Year: 2001
Language: English
Pages: 276
Cover......Page 1
Contents ......Page 4
Committees ......Page 5
List of participants ......Page 6
Preface ......Page 8
Remembering David N. Schramm ......Page 10
References ......Page 12
1. Introduction ......Page 13
2. Physics of BBN ......Page 14
3. Measurement of primordial abundances ......Page 15
4. Deuterium in quasar spectra ......Page 16
5. Helium ......Page 23
7. Lithium ......Page 24
9. Are the different nuclei concordant or is there a crisis? ......Page 26
10. Non-standard BBN ......Page 27
11. Cosmological baryon density ......Page 28
References ......Page 29
2. Cluster dynamics and the mass-to-light ratio ......Page 33
4. Evolution of cluster abundance ......Page 34
References ......Page 36
1. Introduction and brief historical overview ......Page 38
3. Determination of QA ......Page 40
4. Determination of H0 ......Page 42
6. The cosmic microwave background radiation and cosmological parameters ......Page 44
7. Discussion and summary ......Page 45
References ......Page 46
1. Cosmological parameters from "standard candles" ......Page 48
2. Type la supernovae as "standard candles" ......Page 49
4. Fits to QM and QA ......Page 50
5. Systematic uncertainties and cross-checks ......Page 51
6. Results and error budget ......Page 56
7. Conclusions and discussion ......Page 57
References ......Page 59
2. Ruling out simple biasing ......Page 60
3. Measuring r(k) ......Page 61
References ......Page 63
2. Standard model predictions ......Page 64
3. Three solar neutrino problems ......Page 66
4. Uncertainties in the flux calculations ......Page 68
6. Fits without solar models ......Page 69
References ......Page 70
1. Introduction ......Page 72
3. Homestake chlorine experiment ......Page 73
5. Gallex ......Page 75
7. Interpretation and implications ......Page 78
References ......Page 81
1. Introduction ......Page 83
3. Atmospheric Neutrinos ......Page 84
References ......Page 91
1. Introduction ......Page 92
2. Atmospheric neutrinos ......Page 93
3. Solar neutrinos ......Page 95
5. Neutrino mass-mixing patterns ......Page 98
References ......Page 99
2. Primary spectra ......Page 101
3. Atmospheric neutrinos ......Page 102
References ......Page 105
1. Introduction ......Page 107
2. Science goals ......Page 109
3. High energy neutrino observatories ......Page 112
References ......Page 116
1. Introduction ......Page 118
2. GRB fireballs and afterglow observations ......Page 119
4. UHECRs from GRB fireballs ......Page 121
5. GRB model predictions for UHECR experiments ......Page 123
6. High energy Neutrinos ......Page 124
References ......Page 126
2. Some important new themes in supernova theory ......Page 128
3. Characteristics of neutrino radiation fields ......Page 129
4. Summary of supernova neutrino burst signature ......Page 131
References ......Page 132
2. CMB: Status of the theory ......Page 133
6. Neutrinos and LSS ......Page 134
References ......Page 136
2. R. H. Dicke initiates a project ......Page 137
3. The phone call and discovery ......Page 138
5. Gamow theory ......Page 139
8. Epilogue ......Page 141
References ......Page 142
2. The cold dark matter model ......Page 143
4. What if the standard model is correct? ......Page 144
5. What if the standard model is wrong? ......Page 146
References ......Page 148
1. The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect ......Page 149
2. Cosmology with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect ......Page 150
3. SZE observations ......Page 151
4. Results ......Page 154
5. Discussion and future plans ......Page 155
References ......Page 156
2. Counting galaxies ......Page 157
4. Modeling galaxy evolution ......Page 158
5. Star formation history ......Page 159
7. Two extreme scenarios ......Page 160
9. The end of the "dark ages" ......Page 161
10. Reionization ......Page 162
References ......Page 163
1. Introduction ......Page 165
2. Numerical cosmology ......Page 166
References ......Page 167
2. Brief history of inflation ......Page 169
4. From the Big Bang theory to the theory of eternal inflation ......Page 171
5. Recent versions of inflationary theory ......Page 173
6. Reheating after inflation ......Page 174
7. Conclusions ......Page 176
References ......Page 177
2. The Solutions ......Page 178
3. Quintessential basics ......Page 179
5. A quintessential solution to the cosmic coincidence problem ......Page 180
6. Conclusions ......Page 182
References ......Page 183
2. Detection methods for ultra high energy cosmic rays ......Page 184
3. The energy spectrum of high energy cosmic rays ......Page 185
4. The arrival direction distribution ......Page 186
6. Theoretical interpretations ......Page 187
7. New projects ......Page 189
References ......Page 190
2. The cosmic ray spectrum ......Page 192
3. Cosmic ray acceleration ......Page 193
5. Discussion ......Page 194
References ......Page 195
1. The relativistic universe ......Page 196
3. Galactic sources ......Page 197
4. Extragalactic sources ......Page 198
5. Intergalactic absorption ......Page 204
6. Gamma ray bursts ......Page 205
7. Neutralinos ......Page 206
8. Quantum gravity ......Page 207
9. Future prospects ......Page 208
References ......Page 209
2. A complete inventory of matter and energy ......Page 211
3. Three dark matter problems ......Page 218
References ......Page 220
2. Neutrinos ......Page 222
3. The lightest supersymmetric particle ......Page 225
5. Vacuum energy ......Page 229
References ......Page 230
2. Inflation ......Page 232
3. Dark matter ......Page 237
References ......Page 245
2. (Super)String inspiration ......Page 247
4. Inflation as a classical gravitational instability ......Page 248
6. Observable relics and heating the pre-bang Universe ......Page 251
References ......Page 253
2. Gravitational microlensing ......Page 255
4. Contribution of high mass objects ......Page 256
5. Highlights toward the SMC ......Page 257
References ......Page 259
1. Introduction ......Page 260
3. Clusters of galaxies ......Page 261
4. Strong lensing in clusters ......Page 262
5. Statistical weak lensing ......Page 263
6. Weak lens mapping of clusters ......Page 264
7. Large scale dark matter ......Page 265
8. Cosmic complementarity ......Page 266
References ......Page 267
2. History ......Page 268
3. What is the trigger? ......Page 269
5. The gamma-ray emission mechanism ......Page 270
6. Intrinsic time scales ......Page 271
8. Brief comments on the afterglows ......Page 272
9. Conclusions and prospects ......Page 273
References ......Page 274
