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Author(s): John Firth (editor), Christopher Conlon (editor), Timothy Cox (editor)
Edition: 6
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 7728
cover
Oxford Textbook of Medicine
Copyright
Foreword
Preface
Section editors
Contents
List of abbreviations
List of contributors
SECTION 10 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning
10.1 Environmental medicine, occupational medicine, and poisoning— Introduction 1637
10.2 Occupational health 1638
10.2.1 Occupational and environmental health 1638
10.2.2 Occupational safety 1652
10.2.3 Aviation medicine 1656
10.2.4 Diving medicine 1664
10.2.5 Noise 1671
10.2.6 Vibration 1673
10.3 Environment and health 1677
10.3.1 Air pollution and health 1677
10.3.2 Heat 1687
10.3.3 Cold 1689
10.3.4 Drowning 1691
10.3.5 Lightning and electrical injuries 1696
10.3.6 Diseases of high terrestrial altitudes 1701
10.3.7 Radiation 1709
10.3.8 Disasters: Earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and volcanic eruptions 1713
10.3.9 Bioterrorism 1718
10.4 Poisoning 1725
10.4.1 Poisoning by drugs and chemicals 1725
10.4.2 Injuries, envenoming, poisoning, and allergic reactions caused by animals 1778
10.4.3 Poisonous fungi 1817
10.4.4 Poisonous plants 1828
10.5 Podoconiosis (nonfilarial elephantiasis) 1833
SECTION 11 Nutrition
11.1 Nutrition: Macronutrient metabolism 1839
11.2 Vitamins 1855
11.3 Minerals and trace elements 1871
11.4 Severe malnutrition 1880
11.5 Diseases of affluent societies and the need for dietary change 1891
11.6 Obesity 1903
11.7 Artificial nutrition support 1914
SECTION 12 Metabolic disorders
12.1 The inborn errors of metabolism: General aspects 1929
12.2 Protein- dependent inborn errors of metabolism 1942
12.3 Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism 1985
12.3.1 Glycogen storage diseases 1985 Robin H. Lachmann and Timothy M. Cox
12.3.2 Inborn errors of fructose metabolism 1993 Timothy M. Cox
12.3.3 Disorders of galactose, pentose, and pyruvate metabolism 2003
12.4 Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism 2015
12.5 The porphyrias 2032 Timothy M. Cox
12.6 Lipid disorders 2055
12.7 Trace metal disorders 2098
12.7.1 Hereditary haemochromatosis 2098 William J.H. Griffiths and Timothy M. Cox
12.7.2 Inherited diseases of copper metabolism: Wilson’s disease and Menkes’ disease 2115
12.8 Lysosomal disease 2121
12.9 Disorders of peroxisomal metabolism in adults 2157
12.10 Hereditary disorders of oxalate metabolism: The primary hyperoxalurias 2174
12.11 A physiological approach to acid– base disorders: The roles of ion transport and body fluid compartments 2182
12.12 The acute phase response, hereditary periodic fever syndromes, and amyloidosis 2199
12.12.1 The acute phase response and C- reactive protein 2199
12.12.2 Hereditary periodic fever syndromes 2207
12.12.3 Amyloidosis 2218
12.13 a1- Antitrypsin deficiency and the serpinopathies 2235
SECTION 13 Endocrine disorders
13.1 Principles of hormone action 2245 Rob Fowkes, V. Krishna Chatterjee, and Mark Gurnell
13.2 Pituitary disorders 2258
13.2.1 Disorders of the anterior pituitary gland 2258 Niki Karavitaki and John A.H. Wass
13.2.2 Disorders of the posterior pituitary gland 2277
13.3 Thyroid disorders 2284
13.3.1 The thyroid gland and disorders of thyroid function 2284
13.3.2 Thyroid cancer 2302
13.4 Parathyroid disorders and diseases altering calcium metabolism 2313
13.5 Adrenal disorders 2331
13.5.1 Disorders of the adrenal cortex 2331 Mark Sherlock and Mark Gurnell
13.5.2 Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 2360 Nils P. Krone and Ieuan A. Hughes
13.6 Reproductive disorders 2374
13.6.1 Ovarian disorders 2374 Stephen Franks, Kate Hardy, and Lisa J. Webber
13.6.2 Disorders of male reproduction and male hypogonadism 2386
13.6.3 Benign breast disease 2406
13.6.4 Sexual dysfunction 2408
13.7 Disorders of growth and development 2416
13.7.1 Normal growth and its disorders 2416
13.7.2 Normal puberty and its disorders 2428
13.7.3 Normal and abnormal sexual differentiation 2435
13.8 Pancreatic endocrine disorders and multiple endocrine neoplasia 2449
13.9 Diabetes and hypoglycaemia 2464
13.9.1 Diabetes 2464
13.9.2 Hypoglycaemia 2531
13.10 Hormonal manifestations of nonendocrine disease 2541
13.11 The pineal gland and melatonin 2553
SECTION 14 Medical disorders in pregnancy
14.1 Physiological changes of normal pregnancy 2563
14.2 Nutrition in pregnancy 2568
14.3 Medical management of normal pregnancy 2575
14.4 Hypertension in pregnancy 2583
14.5 Renal disease in pregnancy 2589
14.6 Heart disease in pregnancy 2597
14.7 Thrombosis in pregnancy 2606
14.8 Chest diseases in pregnancy 2613
14.9 Liver and gastrointestinal diseases of pregnancy 2619
14.10 Diabetes in pregnancy 2627
14.11 Endocrine disease in pregnancy 2638
14.12 Neurological conditions in pregnancy 2642
14.13 The skin in pregnancy 2648
14.14 Autoimmune rheumatic disorders and vasculitis in pregnancy 2655
14.15 Maternal infection in pregnancy 2671
14.16 Fetal effects of maternal infection 2678
14.17 Blood disorders in pregnancy 2687
14.18 Malignant disease in pregnancy 2696
14.19 Maternal critical care 2701
14.20 Prescribing in pregnancy 2706
14.21 Contraception for women with medical diseases 2711
SECTION 15 Gastroenterological disorders
15.1 Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract 2721
15.2 Symptoms of gastrointestinal disease 2727
15.3 Methods for investigation of gastroenterological disease 2734
15.3.1 Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy 2734
15.3.2 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 2740
15.3.3 Radiology of the gastrointestinal tract 2748
15.3.4 Investigation of gastrointestinal function 2757
15.4 Common acute abdominal presentations 2765
15.4.1 The acute abdomen 2765
15.4.2 Gastrointestinal bleeding 2771
15.5 Immune disorders of the gastrointestinal tract 2783
15.6 The mouth and salivary glands 2797
15.7 Diseases of the oesophagus 2828
15.8 Peptic ulcer disease 2849
15.9 Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract 2862
15.9.1 Hormones and the gastrointestinal tract 2862
15.9.2 Carcinoid syndrome 2870
15.10 Malabsorption 2875
15.10.1 Differential diagnosis and investigation of malabsorption 2875
15.10.2 Bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine 2879
15.10.3 Coeliac disease 2884
15.10.4 Gastrointestinal lymphomas 2892
15.10.5 Disaccharidase deficiency 2902
15.10.6 Whipple’s disease 2909
15.10.7 Effects of massive bowel resection 2911
15.10.8 Malabsorption syndromes in the tropics 2916
15.11 Crohn’s disease 2925
15.12 Ulcerative colitis 2937
15.13 Irritable bowel syndrome 2951
15.14 Colonic diverticular disease 2960
15.15 Congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract 2967
15.16 Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract 2977
15.17 Vascular disorders of the gastrointestinal tract 2997
15.18 Gastrointestinal infections 3008
15.19 Miscellaneous disorders of the bowel 3025
15.20 Structure and function of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas 3032
15.21 Pathobiology of chronic liver disease 3043 Wajahat Z. Mehal
15.22 Presentations and management of liver disease 3049
15.22.1 Investigation and management of jaundice 3049
15.22.2 Cirrhosis and ascites 3058
15.22.3 Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding 3068
15.22.4 Hepatic encephalopathy 3080
15.22.5 Liver failure 3089
15.22.6 Liver transplantation 3100
15.23 Hepatitis and autoimmune liver disease 3108
15.23.1 Hepatitis A to E 3108
15.23.2 Autoimmune hepatitis 3119
15.23.3 Primary biliary cholangitis 3127
15.23.4 Primary sclerosing cholangitis 3135
15.24 Other liver diseases 3142
15.24.1 Alcoholic liver disease 3142
15.24.2 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 3147
15.24.3 Drug- induced liver disease 3155
15.24.4 Vascular disorders of the liver 3166
15.24.5 The liver in systemic disease 3169
15.24.6 Primary and secondary liver tumours 3178
15.24.7 Liver and biliary diseases in infancy and childhood 3191
15.25 Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree 3196
15.26 Diseases of the pancreas 3209
15.26.1 Acute pancreatitis 3209
15.26.2 Chronic pancreatitis 3218
15.26.3 Tumours of the pancreas 3227
Index
