Outcasts : signs of otherness in northern European art of the late Middle Ages

A compilation of pictorial signs - the motifs, attributes, artistic devices, and themes used by medieval artists to brand or denigrate those figures considered outcasts: Jews, heretics, Muslims, blacks, executioners, prostitutes, lepers, gamblers, foot-soldiers, entertainers, and peasants. Signs treated include costume elements such as patterns, colors, and headgear, as well as physical attributes such as hair color, skin blemishes, gestures, and stance.