Oracle Essentials, Fourth Edition Oracle Database 11g

Oracle Essentials: Oracle Database 11g, Fourth Edition......Page 1
Table of Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Goals of This Book......Page 13
About the Fourth Edition (Oracle Database 11g)......Page 14
Structure of This Book......Page 15
Conventions Used in This Book......Page 16
Using Code Examples......Page 17
Acknowledgments......Page 18
Introducing Oracle......Page 20
The Evolution of the Relational Database......Page 21
Relational Basics......Page 23
How Oracle Grew......Page 24
The Oracle Database Family......Page 26
Database Programming......Page 28
Large objects......Page 29
The Oracle Call Interface......Page 30
Oracle content management......Page 31
Oracle Net......Page 32
Oracle Connection Manager......Page 33
Oracle Application Server......Page 34
Distributed Queries and Transactions......Page 36
Transportable Tablespaces......Page 37
Extraction, Transformation, and Loading......Page 38
Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence......Page 39
OLAP Option......Page 40
Business intelligence tools......Page 41
Oracle Enterprise Manager......Page 42
Incremental backup and recovery......Page 43
Data Guard......Page 44
Oracle Real Application Clusters......Page 45
Database Security Features......Page 46
Oracle Development Tools......Page 47
Oracle Reports Developer......Page 48
Oracle Portal......Page 49
Oracle Berkeley DB......Page 50
Oracle Lite......Page 51
Databases and Instances......Page 52
Tablespaces......Page 53
Files of a database......Page 55
Database Initialization......Page 56
Deploying Physical Components......Page 57
Control Files......Page 58
Datafiles......Page 59
Extents and segments......Page 60
Redo Log Files......Page 61
Multiplexing redo log files......Page 62
How Oracle uses the redo logs......Page 63
Archived redo logs......Page 64
ARCHIVELOG mode and automatic archiving......Page 65
Instance Memory and Processes......Page 67
Database buffer cache......Page 69
Other pools in the SGA......Page 70
Background Processes for an Instance......Page 71
The Data Dictionary......Page 73
Installing Oracle......Page 75
Supporting Multiple Oracle Versions on a Machine......Page 77
Planning the Database......Page 78
The Value of Estimating......Page 80
Tools for Creating Databases......Page 81
Configuring Oracle Net......Page 82
Resolving Oracle Net Service Names......Page 83
Oracle Net Manager......Page 85
Oracle Net Configuration Files......Page 86
Starting Up the Database......Page 87
Shutting Down the Database......Page 88
Server process......Page 89
Application Servers and Web Servers As Clients......Page 90
Oracle Net and Establishing Network Connections......Page 91
The Shared Server/Multi-Threaded Server......Page 92
Data dictionary information about the shared server......Page 95
Oracle and Transactions......Page 96
Flashback......Page 98
A Transaction, Step by Step......Page 99
Datatypes......Page 101
Character Datatypes......Page 102
Numeric Datatype......Page 103
Date Datatype......Page 104
Other Datatypes......Page 105
Concatenation and Comparisons......Page 107
NULLs......Page 108
Tables......Page 109
Indexes......Page 110
B*-tree indexes......Page 111
Bitmap indexes......Page 113
Function-based indexes......Page 114
Partitioning......Page 115
Synonyms......Page 117
Clusters......Page 118
Rules Manager......Page 119
The Expression Filter......Page 120
Data Design......Page 121
Constraints......Page 123
Triggers......Page 126
Query Optimization......Page 127
Rule-Based Optimization......Page 128
Cost-Based Optimization......Page 129
How statistics are used......Page 130
Influencing the cost-based optimizer......Page 133
Newer database releases and the cost-based optimizer......Page 134
Comparing Optimizations......Page 136
Understanding the Execution Plan......Page 137
Data Dictionary Tables......Page 139
Managing Oracle......Page 141
Database Advisors......Page 143
Automatic Storage Management......Page 144
Oracle Enterprise Manager......Page 145
Enterprise Manager Architecture......Page 146
Oracle Enterprise Manager Consoles......Page 148
EM2Go......Page 150
Resolving Fragmentation......Page 151
Backup and Recovery......Page 152
Types of Backup and Recovery Options......Page 153
Oracle Secure Backup......Page 154
Information Lifecycle Management......Page 155
Working with Oracle Support......Page 156
Automated Patching......Page 157
Security......Page 158
Usernames, Privileges, Groups, and Roles......Page 159
Security Privileges......Page 160
Special Roles: DBA, SYSDBA, and SYSOPER......Page 161
Policies......Page 162
Fine-grained access control......Page 163
Label Security Option......Page 164
Security and Application Roles and Privileges......Page 165
Multitier security......Page 166
Advanced Security Option......Page 167
Secure Backup......Page 168
Auditing......Page 169
Oracle Database Vault Option......Page 170
Flashback Data Archive......Page 172
Performance Tuning Basics......Page 173
Defining Performance and Performance Problems......Page 174
Oracle Server Performance......Page 175
AWR, ADDM, and Enterprise Manager......Page 176
Machine Resource Usage......Page 177
A Final Note on Performance Basics......Page 178
I/O Planning Principles for an Oracle Database......Page 179
Using RAID Disk Array Technology......Page 182
Volume managers......Page 183
Combined host-based and I/O subsystem volume management......Page 184
Flexibility, Manageability, and Disk Arrays......Page 185
How Oracle I/O and Striped Arrays Interact......Page 187
Oracle and Parallelism......Page 188
Block-Range Parallelism......Page 189
Parallelism for Tables and Partitions of Tables......Page 190
What Can Be Parallelized?......Page 191
Degree of parallelism......Page 192
Partition-Based Parallelism......Page 193
Parallel insert for nonpartitioned and partitioned tables......Page 194
Automatic sizing for the SGA......Page 195
The shared pool......Page 196
The redo log buffer......Page 197
How Oracle Uses the Program Global Area......Page 198
Memory for SQL statements......Page 199
TimesTen......Page 200
Oracle and CPU Resources......Page 201
Database Resource Manager......Page 203
Oracle Multiuser Concurrency......Page 205
Transactions......Page 206
Locks......Page 207
Integrity Problems......Page 208
Oracle and Concurrent User Access......Page 209
Oracle’s Isolation Levels......Page 210
Oracle Concurrency Features......Page 211
A Simple Write Operation......Page 213
A Conflicting Write Operation......Page 214
A Read Operation......Page 215
Concurrent Access and Performance......Page 216
Workspaces......Page 217
Workspace Implementation......Page 218
Workspace Enhancements......Page 219
OLTP Basics......Page 220
General characteristics......Page 221
Online versus batch......Page 222
OLTP Versus Business Intelligence......Page 223
Oracle’s OLTP Heritage......Page 224
Traditional Two-Tier Client/Server......Page 225
Stored Procedures......Page 226
Three-Tier Systems......Page 227
Application Servers and Web Servers......Page 228
The Grid......Page 229
General Concurrency and Performance......Page 230
Multi-Threaded Server/shared server......Page 231
Database Resource Manager......Page 233
Real Application Clusters......Page 234
High Availability......Page 236
Oracle Streams and Advanced Queuing......Page 237
Streams for System Interfaces......Page 238
Oracle and Publish-Subscribe Technology......Page 239
Object Technologies and Distributed Components......Page 240
Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence......Page 241
Business Intelligence Basics......Page 242
A Topology for Business Intelligence......Page 243
Data Marts......Page 244
Operational Data Store and Enterprise Warehouse......Page 245
Data Warehouse Design......Page 246
Bitmap Indexes and Parallelism......Page 249
Materialized Views......Page 251
Analytic and Statistical Functions......Page 252
OLAP and Data Mining Capabilities......Page 253
XML......Page 254
Other Software for the Data Warehouse......Page 255
Extraction, Transformation, and Loading......Page 257
Reporting and Ad Hoc Query Tools......Page 260
OLAP and OLAP Applications Building......Page 264
Data Mining......Page 265
Business Intelligence Applications......Page 266
The Metadata Challenge......Page 267
Best Practices......Page 268
Common Misconceptions......Page 269
Effective Strategy......Page 270
Oracle and High Availability......Page 272
Measuring and Planning Availability......Page 273
System Availability Versus Component Availability......Page 275
System Failure......Page 276
What Is Instance Recovery?......Page 277
Rollforward......Page 278
Fast-start fault recovery and bounded recovery time......Page 279
Rollback improvements......Page 280
Disk redundancy......Page 281
Automatic Storage Management......Page 284
Simple Hardware Failover......Page 285
Real Application Clusters......Page 287
Real Application Clusters and hardware failover......Page 288
Node failure and Real Application Clusters......Page 290
Oracle Transparent Application Failover......Page 291
TAF and various Oracle configurations......Page 293
Taking Oracle Backups......Page 294
Using Backups to Recover......Page 295
Recovery Manager......Page 297
Read-Only Tablespaces......Page 298
Flashback......Page 299
Complete Site Failure......Page 300
Oracle Data Guard: Standby Database for Redundancy......Page 301
Logical standby database......Page 302
Copying archived redo logs to a standby site......Page 303
Data Redundancy Solutions......Page 304
Data Replication—Synchronous and Asynchronous......Page 305
Old-Fashioned Data Redundancy......Page 307
Rolling Upgrades......Page 308
System Basics......Page 309
Uniprocessor Systems......Page 311
Symmetric Multiprocessing Systems......Page 312
Clusters......Page 314
Non-Uniform Memory Access Systems......Page 317
Grid Computing......Page 318
Disk and Storage Technology......Page 319
Disk Deployment Strategies......Page 320
Platform Comparison......Page 321
Approaches to Choosing Platforms......Page 323
Distributed Data Access Across Multiple Oracle Databases......Page 324
Access to and from Non-Oracle Databases......Page 325
Two-Phase Commits......Page 327
Transaction Processing Monitors......Page 328
Advanced Replication......Page 329
Managing Advanced Replication......Page 331
Queue creation and management......Page 332
Publish-and-subscribe capabilities......Page 333
Oracle Streams......Page 334
Transportable Tablespaces......Page 335
Object-Oriented Development......Page 337
Objects in Oracle......Page 338
Java’s Role and Web Services......Page 341
Enterprise JavaBeans......Page 342
Oracle Multimedia and Oracle Text......Page 343
Oracle Content Management......Page 345
Oracle Spatial Option......Page 346
Using the Extensibility Framework in Oracle......Page 348
Application Express......Page 350
Oracle Fusion Middleware......Page 351
Oracle Application Server Editions......Page 352
HTTP Server......Page 353
TopLink......Page 354
Development servers......Page 355
Wireless......Page 356
Security......Page 357
Business intelligence......Page 358
Integration......Page 359
Caching......Page 360
Clustering and load balancing......Page 361
Oracle SOA Suite......Page 364
Business Rules......Page 365
Oracle JDeveloper......Page 366
Oracle Service Registry......Page 367
Chapter1: Introducing Oracle......Page 368
Chapter4: Data Structures......Page 369
Chapter5: Managing Oracle......Page 370
Chapter7: Oracle Performance......Page 371
Chapter10: Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence......Page 372
Chapter13: Oracle Distributed Databases and Distributed Data......Page 373
Chapter15: Beyond the Oracle Database......Page 374
Web Sites......Page 375
Chapter1: Introducing Oracle......Page 376
Chapter4: Data Structures......Page 377
Chapter5: Managing Oracle......Page 378
Chapter9: Oracle and Transaction Processing......Page 379
Chapter10: Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence......Page 380
Chapter13: Oracle Distributed Databases and Distributed Data......Page 381
Chapter14: Oracle Extended Datatypes......Page 382
Chapter15: Beyond the Oracle Database......Page 383
Index......Page 384