This book covers all of the aspects necessary to the design and manufacturing of OLED displays. Topics include emission mechanism, material selection, device processing, manufacturing issues and countermeasures and display design basics. In addition, the book defines elements of OLED such as Thin Film Transistor (TFT) backplane design and processing details, including Low Temperature Poly Silicon (LTPS) process and circuit integration, and high yield method to manufacturer. Researchers and developers are aiming at making large OLED televisions and companies such as Samsung and Apple are rumored to be using OLED display for new screens. In addition to discussing the current composition of OLED, the book also covers the future for OLED technologies and displays.
The Society for Information Display (SID) is an international society, which has the aim of encouraging the development of all aspects of the field of information display. Complementary to the aims of the society, the Wiley-SID series is intended to explain the latest developments in information display technology at a professional level. The broad scope of the series addresses all facets of information displays from technical aspects through systems and prototypes to standards and ergonomics.
Author(s): Takatoshi Tsujimura
Series: Wiley series in display technology
Edition: 1
Publisher: Wiley
Year: 2012
Language: English
Pages: 256
Contents......Page 7
Series Editor’s Foreword......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
1: Introduction......Page 15
2.1 OLED DEFINITION......Page 19
2.2.1 Basic Device Structure......Page 22
2.2.2 Light Emission Mechanism......Page 24
2.2.3 Emission Efficiency......Page 40
2.2.4 Lifetime and Image Burning......Page 44
3.1.1 Basic Material Properties......Page 51
3.1.2 Purification Process......Page 55
3.2.1 Principle......Page 56
3.2.2 Evaporation Sources......Page 61
3.3 SHADOW MASK PATTERNING......Page 68
3.4.1 Dark Spot and Edge Growth Defects......Page 71
3.4.2 Light Emission from the Bottom and Top of the OLED Device......Page 72
3.5.1 Ionization Potential Measurement......Page 75
3.5.2 HPLC Analysis......Page 78
3.5.3 Cyclic Voltammetry......Page 79
4.1 COMPARISON BETWEEN OLED AND LCD MODULES......Page 83
4.2.1 Luminous Intensity, Luminance, and Illuminance......Page 85
4.2.2 OLED Current and Power Efficiencies......Page 90
4.2.3 Color Reproduction......Page 94
4.2.4 Uniform Color Space......Page 101
4.2.5 White Point Determination......Page 102
4.3.1 Structure......Page 105
4.3.2 Pixel Driving......Page 107
4.4.1 OLED Module Components......Page 110
4.4.2 Two-Transistor One-Capacitor (2T1C) Driving Circuit......Page 111
4.4.3 Ambient Performance......Page 114
4.4.4 Subpixel Rendering......Page 115
5.1 TFT STRUCTURE......Page 119
5.2.1 Low-Temperature Polysilicon Process Overview......Page 124
5.2.2 Thin-Film Formation......Page 125
5.2.3 Patterning Technique......Page 126
5.2.4 Excimer Laser Crystallization......Page 130
5.3 MOSFET BASICS......Page 134
5.4 LTPS-TFT-DRIVEN OLED DISPLAY DESIGN......Page 136
5.4.1 OFF Current......Page 137
5.4.2 Driver TFT Size Restriction......Page 138
5.4.3 Restriction Due to Voltage Drop......Page 139
5.4.4 LTPS-TFT Pixel Compensation Circuit......Page 146
5.4.5 Circuit Integration by LTPS-TFT......Page 153
6.1.1 White + Color Filter Patterning......Page 157
6.1.3 Laser-Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI) Method......Page 159
6.1.4 Radiation-Induced Sublimation Transfer (RIST) Method......Page 160
6.1.5 Dual-Plate OLED Display (DOD) Method......Page 162
6.1.6 Other Methods......Page 164
6.2 SOLUTION-PROCESSED MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES......Page 165
6.3.1 Vapor Injection Source Technology (VIST) Deposition......Page 169
6.3.2 Hot-Wall Method......Page 173
6.4 OLED TELEVISION APPLICATIONS......Page 176
6.4.1 Performance Target......Page 177
6.4.2 High-Yield Manufacturing by White + Color Filter Method......Page 178
6.5.1 Sequential Lateral Solidification (SLS) Method......Page 189
6.5.2 Microcrystalline and Superamorphous Silicon......Page 190
6.5.3 Solid-Phase Crystallization......Page 192
6.5.4 Oxide Semiconductors......Page 195
7.1 COLOR RENDERING INDEX......Page 201
7.2.1 Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)......Page 205
7.2.2 Other Requirements......Page 206
7.3.1 Microlens Array Structure......Page 211
7.3.2 Diffusion Structure......Page 212
7.4 OLED LIGHTING DESIGN......Page 214
7.4.2 Current Reduction......Page 215
8.1.2 Barrier Technology for Flexible Displays......Page 219
8.1.3 WVTR Measurement......Page 222
8.1.4 Organic TFTs for Flexible Displays......Page 224
8.2 TRANSPARENT DISPLAYS......Page 229
8.3.1 Passive-Matrix Tiling......Page 231
8.3.2 Active-Matrix Tiling......Page 234
Appendix......Page 239
About the Author......Page 243
Index......Page 245
