Ocular Pathology

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Bridge the gap between ophthalmology and pathology with the 8th Edition of this comprehensive, easy-to-understand reference from Drs. Myron Yanoff and Joseph W. Sassani. Designed to keep you up to date with every aspect of the field, from current imaging techniques to genetics and molecular biology to clinical pearls, Ocular Pathology provides the concise yet complete information you need for board exams and clinical practice. Key Features Includes new coverage of genetics and molecular biology, complications in diabetes mellitus, and the role of new drugs and other treatments for macular degeneration. Covers the latest imaging techniques, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), anterior segment OCT (AS-OCT) and OCT-angiography. Contains new images throughout that provide updated correlations between pathological and clinical aspects of each disorder. Clinicopathological correlations are presented with side-by-side image comparisons to make clinical pearl boxes even more useful. Features more than 1,900 illustrations from the collections of internationally renowned leaders in ocular pathology. Presents information in a quick-reference outline format - ideal for today's busy physician. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Author(s): Myron Yanoff, Joseph Sassani
Series: Eğitim Tanrısı
Edition: 8th Edition
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2019

Language: English
Commentary: TRUE PDF
Pages: 894

Cover......Page 1
Ocular Pathology......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Foreword......Page 5
Forewords to the First Edition......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Dedication......Page 11
Phases of Inflammation......Page 12
Background......Page 29
Humoral Immunoglobulin (Antibody)......Page 34
Immunohistochemistry......Page 35
Immunodeficiency Diseases......Page 36
Neoplasia......Page 40
Necrosis (Table 1.11)......Page 41
Apoptosis......Page 42
Pigmentation......Page 43
Epigenetics and Ocular Disease......Page 44
Modern Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Techniques......Page 45
Concluding Comments......Page 48
Immunobiology......Page 49
Modern Molecular Pathology Diagnostic Techniques......Page 50
Meningocutaneous Angiomatosis (Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis; Sturge–Weber Syndrome [SWS])......Page 52
Neurofibromatosis (Figs. 2.3–2.5)......Page 54
Tuberous Sclerosis (Bourneville’s Disease; Pringle’s Disease)......Page 57
Other Phakomatoses......Page 59
Chromosomal Aberrations......Page 60
Trisomy 13 (47,13+; Patau’s Syndrome)......Page 61
Triploidy......Page 62
Chromosome 47 Deletion Defect......Page 63
Mosaicism......Page 64
Congenital Rubella Syndrome (Gregg’s Syndrome)......Page 65
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) (Fig. 2.16)......Page 67
Cyclopia and Synophthalmos......Page 68
Anophthalmos (Fig. 2.18)......Page 70
Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Miller......Page 71
Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy (Leigh’s Disease)......Page 72
Menkes’ Kinky-Hair Disease......Page 73
Ectrodactyly–Ectodermal Dysplasia (EEC)......Page 74
Other Syndromes......Page 75
Neurofibromatosis......Page 76
Chromosomal Trisomy Defects......Page 77
Drug Embryopathy......Page 78
Other Congenital Anomalies......Page 79
Classification......Page 81
Examples......Page 83
Classification......Page 85
Examples......Page 86
Iris......Page 91
Retina......Page 93
End Stage of Diffuse Ocular Diseases......Page 94
Nonsuppurative, Chronic Nongranulomatous Uveitis and Endophthalmitis......Page 96
Sequelae of Uveitis, Endophthalmitis, and Panophthalmitis......Page 97
Sympathetic Uveitis (Sympathetic Ophthalmia [SO], Sympathetic Ophthalmitis)......Page 98
Phacoanaphylactic (Phacoimmune, Phacoantigenic, or Phacogenic) Endophthalmitis......Page 99
Viral......Page 101
Bacterial......Page 104
Fungal......Page 109
Parasitic......Page 112
Sarcoidosis (Figs. 4.22–4.27)......Page 118
Granulomatous Scleritis......Page 120
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Syndrome (Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome)......Page 121
Familial Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood......Page 122
Viral......Page 123
Bacterial......Page 124
Fungal......Page 125
Parasitic......Page 126
Sarcoidosis......Page 127
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Syndrome......Page 128
Familial Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood......Page 129
Immediate......Page 130
Postoperative......Page 134
Delayed......Page 142
Intravitreal Injections......Page 151
Immediate......Page 152
Postoperative......Page 153
Delayed......Page 156
Introduction......Page 157
Penetrating Keratoplasty (Graft)......Page 158
Other Refractive Keratoplasties......Page 160
Complications of Glaucoma Surgery......Page 162
Introduction......Page 163
Contusion......Page 165
Penetrating and Perforating Injuries......Page 178
Intraocular Foreign Bodies......Page 179
Chemical Injuries......Page 182
Burns......Page 184
Ocular Effects of Injuries to Other Parts of the Body......Page 185
Radiation Injuries (Electromagnetic)......Page 187
Complications of Retinal Detachment and Vitreous Surgery Including Intraocular Injections......Page 191
Complications of Corneal Surgery......Page 193
Complications of Nonsurgical Trauma......Page 194
Bulla......Page 197
Polarity......Page 200
Phakomatous Choristoma......Page 201
Cryptophthalmos (Ablepharon)......Page 202
Epicanthus......Page 203
Eyelash Anomalies......Page 204
Ichthyosis Congenita......Page 206
Xeroderma Pigmentosum......Page 207
Dermatochalasis and Blepharochalasis......Page 208
Herniation of Orbital Fat......Page 209
Terminology......Page 210
Viral Diseases......Page 213
Fungal and Parasitic Diseases......Page 215
Cutis Laxa......Page 216
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum......Page 217
Erythema Multiforme......Page 218
Epidermolysis Bullosa......Page 220
Contact Dermatitis......Page 221
Collagen Diseases......Page 222
Granulomatous Vasculitis......Page 228
Vasculitis-Like Disorders and Leukemia/Lymphoma......Page 229
Xanthelasma......Page 231
Necrobiotic Xanthogranuloma......Page 232
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG)......Page 233
Calcinosis Cutis......Page 234
Lipoid Proteinosis (Urbach–Wiethe Disease, Hyalinosis Cutis et Mucosae)......Page 235
Idiopathic Hemochromatosis......Page 236
Benign Cystic Lesions......Page 237
Benign Tumors of the Surface Epithelium......Page 241
Precancerous Tumors of the Surface Epithelium......Page 246
Cancerous Tumors of the Surface Epithelium......Page 247
Tumors of the Epidermal Appendages (Adnexal Skin Structures)......Page 251
Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Neuroendocrine Carcinoma, Trabecular Carcinoma) (Fig. 6.45)......Page 262
Normal Anatomy (Fig. 6.46)......Page 263
Blockage of Tear Flow Into the Nose......Page 264
Epithelial......Page 266
Miscellaneous......Page 267
Congenital Abnormalities......Page 268
Inflammation......Page 270
Lid Manifestations of Systemic Dermatoses or Disease......Page 271
Cysts, Pseudoneoplasms, and Neoplasms......Page 274
Tumors......Page 277
Normal Anatomy......Page 278
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Rendu–Osler–Weber Disease)......Page 279
Laryngo-Onycho-Cutaneous (LOC or Shabbir) Syndrome......Page 280
Sickle-Cell Anemia......Page 281
Hemangioma and Lymphangioma......Page 282
Basic Histologic Changes......Page 283
Infectious......Page 287
Noninfectious......Page 289
Deposition of Metabolic Products......Page 291
Skin Diseases......Page 292
Pinguecula......Page 293
Amyloidosis......Page 294
Conjunctivochalasis......Page 297
Cysts......Page 298
Pseudocancerous Lesions......Page 299
Cancerous Epithelial Lesions......Page 307
Stromal Neoplasms......Page 313
Inflammation......Page 316
Cysts, Pseudoneoplasms, and Neoplasms......Page 317
Normal Anatomy......Page 321
Abnormalities of Size......Page 324
Congenital Corneal Opacities......Page 325
Clinicopathologic Types—Specific......Page 326
Epithelial Erosions and Keratitis......Page 334
Stromal (Interstitial) Keratitis......Page 335
Peripheral......Page 337
Central......Page 338
Inflammations—Corneal Sequelae......Page 341
Epithelial......Page 342
Stromal......Page 344
Classification of Dystrophies......Page 354
Primary in the Corneal......Page 356
Melanin......Page 392
Kayser–Fleischer Ring......Page 393
Drug-Induced......Page 394
Crystals......Page 396
Neoplasm......Page 397
Ochronosis (Alkaptonuria)......Page 398
Episcleritis......Page 400
Introduction......Page 401
Episcleral Osseous Choristoma and Episcleral Osseocartilaginous Choristoma......Page 404
Ectopic Lacrimal Gland......Page 405
Congenital Defects......Page 406
Degenerations: Stromal......Page 407
Dystrophies: Stromal......Page 408
Dystrophies: Descemet’s Membrane and Endothelial......Page 409
Heredofamilial......Page 410
Crystals......Page 411
Inflammations......Page 412
Persistent Tunica Vasculosa Lentis......Page 413
Aniridia (Hypoplasia) of the Iris......Page 415
Coloboma......Page 417
Cysts of the Iris and Anterior Ciliary Body (Pars Plicata)......Page 419
Diabetes Mellitus......Page 420
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (Nevoxanthoendothelioma)......Page 421
Iris Neovascularization (Rubeosis Iridis)......Page 423
Choroidal Folds......Page 424
Choroidal Dystrophies......Page 425
Epithelial......Page 427
Muscular......Page 429
Vascular......Page 430
Leukemic and Lymphomatous (See Chapter 14)......Page 431
Other Tumors......Page 433
Secondary Neoplasms......Page 434
Types......Page 435
Congenital and Developmental Defects......Page 436
Dystrophies......Page 437
Tumors......Page 438
Uveal Edema......Page 440
Fleck Cataract......Page 441
Anterior Polar Cataract......Page 442
Posterior Polar Cataract......Page 443
Posterior Lenticonus (Lentiglobus)......Page 444
General Reactions......Page 445
Exfoliation of the Lens Capsule......Page 447
Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (Pseudoexfoliation of Lens Capsule, Exfoliation Syndrome, Basement Membrane Exfoliation Syndrome, Fibrillopathia Epitheliocapsularis) (Figs. 10.8–10.11)......Page 448
Anterior Subcapsular Cataract (ASC) (Figs. 10.12–10.15)......Page 452
Posterior Subcapsular Cataract (PSC) (Figs. 10.16 and 10.17; see Fig. 10.15)......Page 453
Cortex (“Soft Cataract”)......Page 454
Age-Related (Senile) Cataracts......Page 459
Glaucoma......Page 461
Congenital......Page 463
Congenital Anomalies......Page 468
Capsule......Page 469
Secondary Cataracts......Page 470
Ectopic Lens......Page 471
Albinism (Fig. 11.4)......Page 472
Coloboma......Page 474
Lange’s Fold......Page 475
Myelinated (Medullated) Nerve Fibers......Page 476
Foveomacular Abnormalities......Page 477
Causes......Page 478
Complications of Retinal Ischemia......Page 480
Histology of Retinal Ischemia......Page 481
Causes and Risk Factors of Hemorrhagic Infarction......Page 482
Types of Hemorrhagic Infarction......Page 483
Histology of Retinal Hemorrhagic Infarction (see Fig. 11.12)......Page 485
Hypertensive and Arteriolosclerotic Retinopathy......Page 487
Sickle-Cell Disease......Page 489
Eales’ Disease (Primary Perivasculitis of the Retina)......Page 491
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation......Page 492
Specific Retinal Inflammations (see Chapters 2–4)......Page 493
Microcystoid Degeneration......Page 495
Degenerative Retinoschisis......Page 496
Paving Stone (Cobblestone) Degeneration (Peripheral Chorioretinal Atrophy; Equatorial Choroiditis)......Page 499
Idiopathic Serous Detachment of the RPE (Fig. 11.25)......Page 500
Idiopathic Central Serous Choroidopathy (Central Serous Retinopathy; Central Angiospastic Retinopathy) (see Fig. 11.25)......Page 501
Drusen......Page 502
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry, Atrophic, or Senile Atrophic Macular Degeneration)......Page 505
Age-Related Exudative Macular Degeneration (Exudative, Wet, or Senile Disciform Macular Degeneration; Kuhnt–Junius Macular Degeneration)......Page 507
Exudative Macular Degeneration Secondary to Focal Choroiditis (Juvenile Disciform Degeneration of the Macula)......Page 510
Toxic Retinal Degenerations......Page 511
Cancer-Associated Retinopathy (Paraneoplastic Syndrome; Paraneoplastic Retinopathy; Paraneoplastic Photoreceptor Retinopathy; Melanoma-Associated Retinopathy)......Page 513
Traumatic Retinopathy......Page 514
X-Linked Retinoschisis (Juvenile Retinoschisis, Vitreous Veils; Congenital Vascular Veils; Cystic Disease of the Retina; Congenital Retinal Detachment)......Page 515
Stargardt’s Disease (Fundus Flavimaculatus)......Page 517
Best Vitelliform Disease (Vitelliform Foveal Dystrophy; Vitelliform Macular Degeneration; Vitelliruptive Macular Degeneration; Exudative Central Detachment of the Retina—Macular Pseudocysts; Cystic Macular Degeneration; Exudative Foveal Dystrophy)......Page 519
Dominant Cystoid Macular Dystrophy (DCMD)......Page 520
Cone–Rod Dystrophy......Page 521
Retinitis Pigmentosa (Retinopathia Pigmentosa; Pigmentary Degeneration of the Retina)......Page 522
Pigment Epithelial Dystrophy......Page 524
Patterned Dystrophies of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (Reticular Dystrophy or Sjögren Dystrophia Reticularis Laminae Pigmentosae Retinae; Butterfly-Shaped Pigment Dystrophy of the Fovea; Macroreticular or Spider Dystrophy)......Page 525
Bietti’s Crystalline Dystrophy (Bietti’s Tapetoretinal Degeneration With Marginal Corneal Dystrophy, Crystalline Retinopathy)......Page 526
Angioid Streaks......Page 527
Mucolipidoses......Page 528
Sphingolipidoses......Page 529
Other Lipidoses......Page 530
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism......Page 531
Collagen Diseases......Page 532
Glia......Page 533
Definitions......Page 538
Classification of Neural Retinal Detachment......Page 539
Predisposing Factors to Neural Retinal Detachment......Page 541
Pathologic Changes After Neural Retinal Detachment......Page 543
Pathologic Complications After Neural Retinal Detachment Surgery......Page 545
Vascular Disease......Page 546
Inflammation......Page 547
Degenerations......Page 548
Hereditary Primary Retinal Dystrophies......Page 552
Hereditary Secondary Retinal Dystrophies......Page 555
Retinal Detachment......Page 556
Post Nonsurgical and Surgical Trauma......Page 558
Iridescent Particles......Page 561
Vitreous Detachment......Page 563
Proteinaceous Deposits......Page 564
Amyloid......Page 565
Autosomal-Dominant Vitreoretinochoroidopathy (ADVIRC; Peripheral Annular Pigmentary Dystrophy of the Retina)......Page 567
Complications......Page 568
Vitreous Opacities......Page 571
Vitreous Hemorrhage......Page 572
Hypoplasia......Page 573
Congenital (Familial) Optic Atrophies......Page 576
Coloboma (Table 13.1)......Page 577
Causes......Page 580
Histology of Optic Disc Edema......Page 581
Causes......Page 582
Causes......Page 588
Primary......Page 589
Secondary......Page 597
Congenital Defects and Anatomic Variations......Page 598
Optic Neuritis......Page 599
Tumors......Page 601
Microphthalmos With Cyst......Page 603
Congenital Alacrima......Page 605
Chronic......Page 606
Penetrating Wounds......Page 608
Graves’ Disease (Fig. 14.10)......Page 609
Mitochondrial Myopathies......Page 611
Dermatomyositis......Page 612
Primary Orbital Tumors......Page 613
Secondary Orbital Tumors......Page 665
Orbital Inflammation......Page 667
Ocular Muscle Involvement in Systemic Disease......Page 668
Tumors: Mesenchymal–Vascular......Page 669
Tumors: Mesenchymal–Muscle......Page 670
Tumors: Neural......Page 671
Tumors: Epithelial of Lacrimal Gland......Page 672
Tumors: Malignant Lymphoma......Page 673
Tumors Leukemia......Page 675
Secondary Tumors......Page 676
Natural History......Page 677
Ocular Surface Disease......Page 679
Lens......Page 683
Iris......Page 685
Ciliary Body and Choroid......Page 686
Neural Retina......Page 690
Vitreous......Page 707
Optic Nerve......Page 709
Ocular Surface Disease......Page 711
Lens......Page 713
Retina......Page 714
Vitreous......Page 715
Optic Nerve......Page 716
Normal Anatomy (Figs. 16.1–16.3)......Page 717
Introduction......Page 720
Congenital Glaucoma (Table 16.3)......Page 724
Primary Glaucoma (Closed- and Open-Angle)......Page 728
Causes......Page 735
Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma......Page 742
Cornea (Figs. 16.26–16.28; See Also Fig. 8.49A,B)......Page 751
Iris......Page 752
Ciliary Body......Page 753
Neural Retina (Fig. 16.31)......Page 754
Optic Nerve......Page 755
Impaired Outflow: Congenital Glaucoma......Page 758
Impaired Outflow-Secondary Open-Angle......Page 759
Tissue Changes Caused by Elevated Intraocular Pressure......Page 760
Lentigo......Page 761
Nevus......Page 763
Malignant Melanoma......Page 767
Lentigo......Page 769
Nevus......Page 770
Primary Acquired Melanosis (PAM; Figs. 17.15 and 17.16; see also Table 17.2)......Page 774
Primary Malignant Melanoma of Conjunctiva (Fig. 17.17; see also Fig. 17.16)......Page 777
Reactive Tumors......Page 781
Nonreactive Tumors......Page 786
Acquired Neoplasms......Page 789
Iris......Page 791
Ciliary Body and Choroid......Page 797
Melanocytoma (Magnocellular Nevus of the Nerve Head)......Page 824
Malignant Melanoma......Page 825
Melanotic Tumors of the Orbit......Page 826
Melanocytic Tumors of the Uvea: Ciliary Body and Choroid......Page 829
Melanocytic Tumors of the Orbit......Page 831
General Information......Page 832
Heredity......Page 835
Clinical Features......Page 837
Histology......Page 840
Overview......Page 848
General Information......Page 850
Leukokoria (Box 18.1)......Page 851
Discrete Retinal or Chorioretinal Lesions......Page 865
Retinoblastoma—Heredity......Page 866
Retinoblastoma—Prognosis......Page 867
Lesions Simulating Retinoblastoma (Pseudoglioma)—Leukokoria: Persistent Fetal Vasculature......Page 868
Lesions Simulating Retinoblastoma (Pseudoglioma)—Leukokoria: Coats’ Disease......Page 869
Lesions Simulating Retinoblastoma (Pseudoglioma)—Leukokoria: Other Causes......Page 870
A......Page 871
B......Page 872
C......Page 873
D......Page 876
E......Page 877
F......Page 878
G......Page 879
H......Page 880
I......Page 881
L......Page 882
M......Page 884
N......Page 885
O......Page 886
P......Page 887
R......Page 889
S......Page 890
T......Page 892
V......Page 893
Z......Page 894