This book aims to collect the latest theoretical and technological ideas in design and construction for different kinds of oceanic wave energy converters including linear electrical generators and drive systems. Advancements in new wave energy converters, linear machine topologies, integrated mathematical modeling, application of high graded magnetic materials, and high-performance control strategies are of great interest. With the ability to generate direct thrust without any mechanical transmission, the linear electrical machines serve as the excellent choice for wave energy generators, free piston engine, industrial applications requiring linear motion, and so on. On the other hand, the special characteristics of linear electrical machines, such as the large air gap length, force ripples, end effects, cogging force, cut open magnetic circuit, half-filled end slot, pose a great challenge to the engineer and scientist. The challenge is not only for designing electrical machines but also for control strategies. The chapters of this book have been structured with theoretical, simulation, and experimental results in such a way that it provides a consistent compilation of fundamental theories, a compendium of current research and development activities as well as new directions to overcome critical limitations.
Author(s): Omar Farrok, Md. Rabiul Islam
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2024
Language: English
Pages: 192
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Symbols
Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction to the Principles of Wave Energy Conversion
1.1 Introduction to the Oceanic Wave Energy
1.2 Motion of a Particle in Oceanic Wave
1.3 Estimation of Wave Power
1.4 Wave Energy
1.5 Recent Wave Energy Projects
1.6 Basic Principles of Wave Energy Devices
1.6.1 Point Absorber: Power Buoy
1.6.2 Overtopping WEC
1.6.3 Oscillating Water Column
1.6.4 Attenuators
1.6.5 Oscillating Wave Surge Converters
1.6.6 Submerged Pressure Differential
1.6.7 Rotating Mass
1.6.8 Bulge Wave Converter Device
1.7 State of the Art
1.8 Summary
References
2 Oceanic Wave Energy Devices
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Wave Resources and Energy Centers
2.3 Wave Energy Converters
2.3.1 WET-NZ
2.3.2 Sea Oyster
2.3.3 Onshore Device Limpet
2.3.4 Oscillating Water Column
2.3.5 Penguin as a Rotational Energy Capturing Device
2.3.6 Pelamis as a Floating Offshore Device
2.3.7 SEAREV Wave Energy Converter
2.3.8 Columbian Wave Energy Converter SeaRAY
2.3.9 Delos-Reyes Morrow Pressure Device
2.3.10 Tapchan
2.3.11 SeaRaser
2.3.12 Power Buoy
2.4 Design Objective of a Wave Energy Device
2.5 Modeling and Simulation of Point Absorber
2.5.1 Time Domain Simulation
2.5.2 Method of Extracting Maximum Energy
2.5.3 Latching Method for Extracting Maximum Energy
2.6 Research and Education Approach
2.7 Recent Development
2.8 Summary
References
3 Pelamis Wave Energy Converter
3.1 Introduction to Pelamis
3.2 Background
3.2.1 Energy Policy Drivers—UK Perspective
3.2.2 Wave Energy
3.2.3 US Wave Energy Resource
3.2.4 Grid Integration
3.3 Pelamis Technology
3.3.1 Power Train
3.3.2 Survivability of Pelamis
3.4 Power Capture by Pelamis
3.5 Example of Resonant Response
3.6 The Tuned Response of Pelamis
3.7 Features of Pelamis
3.8 Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat of Pelamis
3.8.1 Strength
3.8.2 Weakness
3.8.3 Opportunity
3.8.4 Threat
3.9 Renewable Ocean Energy
3.9.1 Wave Energy Technology and Devices
3.9.2 Renewable Oceanic Energy Challenges
3.9.3 Investment and Operational Cost
3.10 Installation Challenges
3.10.1 Power Take-Off
3.10.2 Direct Drive Device
3.11 Uninterrupted Power Supply
3.12 Challenges and Solutions
3.12.1 Environment and Ecology
3.12.2 Economic Aspect
3.12.3 Installation-Related Factors
3.13 Summary
References
4 Resonant Wave Energy Converter
4.1 Introduction
4.2 State of the Art of Wave Energy Device
4.3 Resonant Effect in Oceanic Wave
4.3.1 Resonance as a Swing
4.3.2 Tank Testing of Wave Energy Device
4.3.3 Stage 3 Pilot Project
4.3.4 Full System Test Rig
4.3.5 Half Scale Device
4.4 Experimental Setup of Wave Energy Converter
4.4.1 The Shallow Water Wave Basin
4.4.2 Experimental Arrangement of the WECWake
4.5 Instrumentation and Acquired Data
4.5.1 Measurements of the Heave Displacement and Surge Force
4.5.2 Video Acquisition
4.6 Challenges
4.7 Conclusion
References
5 Mathematical Model, Design, and Cost Analysis of a Linear Electrical Generator
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Wave Power Formula
5.3 Wave Energy and Wave Energy Flux
5.4 Oceanic Wave and Linear Generator
5.5 Electricity Generation of the FSLEG
5.6 Description of the Magnetic Material
5.7 Simulation Results
5.8 Cost Analysis of the FSLEG
5.8.1 Active Material Used in the FSLEG
5.8.2 Cost Analysis of Active Material
5.8.3 Cost Calculation of Active Material
5.9 Future Scope
5.10 Summary
References
6 Dual-Port Linear Electrical Generator: Solution of the Existing Limitation of Power Generation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Existing Linear Generators
6.3 Limitation of the Existing Linear Generator
6.4 Dual-Port Linear Generator
6.5 Construction of the DPLG
6.6 Optimization of the DPLG
6.7 Results and Discussion
6.8 Summary
References
7 Flux Switching Linear Generator: Design, Analysis, and Optimization
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Manufacturer of Oceanic Wave Energy Devices
7.3 Prospects and Challenges
7.3.1 Prospects of Wave Energy
7.3.2 Challenges of Oceanic Wave Energy
7.4 Oceanic Wave Model
7.5 Limitations of the Existing FSLG
7.6 Optimization of the Existing FSLG
7.6.1 Working Principle
7.6.2 Architecture and Vector Diagram
7.6.3 Phasor Diagram
7.6.4 Equivalent Circuit Diagram
7.6.5 Electricity Generation
7.7 Simulation Results
7.8 Summary
References
8 Linear Electrical Generator for Hydraulic Free Piston Engine
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Parameter Analysis: Stroke Length
8.3 Output Power of the Generator
8.4 Frequency of the Generated Voltage
8.5 Voltage Rating
8.6 Simulation Results of an FPLG
8.7 Improvement
8.8 Future Scope
8.9 Summary
References
