Nutritional Oncology: Nutrition in Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship

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Nutritional Oncology: Nutrition in Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship presents evidence-based approaches to the study and application of nutrition in all phases of cancer including prevention, treatment, and survivorship.

There is a long history of interest in the role of nutrition in cancer but only in the last 50 years has this interdisciplinary field developed scientific evidence from a combination of population studies, basic research, and clinical studies. Precision oncology, targeted  therapies and immunonutrition have led to advances in cancer treatment and prevention. Highlighting insights from Precision Oncology and Precision Nutrition to improve cancer prevention, treatment and survival is the core mission of this book. The editors have over 40 years of clinical and research experience integrating science with practical advice based on available evidence for healthcare professionals while highlighting research vistas for the scientific community.

Features:

  • Comprehensive treatment of all aspects of nutrition and cancer, including prevention, response to treatment, avoidance of relapse and promotion of quality of life for cancer survivors.
  • Examines alternative medicines and botanical dietary supplements and identifies hypotheses for future research based on science.

This book is written for doctors, dietitians, and other health care professional advising cancer patients, cancer survivors and the general public.

Author(s): David Heber, Zhaoping Li, Vay Liang
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2021

Language: English
Pages: 520
City: Boca Raton

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Foreword
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Historical Evolution of the Role of Nutrition in Cancer
Introduction
Cancer Malnutrition
Vitamins and Cancer
Cancer Causation
Chemical Carcinogenesis
Nutrition and Cancer
Diet and Nutrition
Nutrigenomics
Precision Oncology
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Cancer Metabolism and Nutrition
Introduction
Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cancer
The Role of Stem Cells and Cancer Progenitor Cells
Metabolic Changes Favoring Growth in Cancer Cells
Tumor–Host Metabolic Interaction
Cancer Cell Gene Regulation and Tumor Cell Metabolism
Tumor Cell Metabolism and Metastasis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Precision Oncology and Nutrition
Introduction
Precision Oncology
Monoclonal Antibodies
Antibody-Drug Conjugates
Selective Tyrosine Kinase and Small Molecule Inhibitors
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
Immunotherapy
Molecular Radiotherapy
Adoptive Cell Therapies
The Microbiome
Glucose Restriction
Amino Acid Deprivation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Phytonutrients and Cancer
Introduction
Phytonutrients
Polyphenols
Flavonoids
Anthocyanins
Flavanols (Catechins)
Isoflavonoids
Flavonols
Flavanones
Phenolic Acids
Ellagitannins
Stilbenes
Lignans
Organosulfurs
Carotenoids
Amides
Phytosterols
Curcumin
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Nutrition and Immune Function
Introduction
Nutrient–Immune System Interactions
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Zinc
Copper
Iron
Tryptophan
Fiber
Fatty Acids
Nutrition and Immune-Mediated Diseases
Asthma
Food Allergy
Atopic Dermatitis
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Immunonutrition in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Personalized Nutrition and Cancer
Introduction
Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenomics
Choline
Obesity
Insulin Resistance
Implementation
Protein
Amino Acids
Carbohydrates
Fiber
Fats and Oils
Personalization
Supplements
Vitamins
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B6
Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Choline
Vitamin B5
Biotin
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Epidemiology of Nutrition, Diet, and Cancer Risk
Introduction
The Tobacco Model
Bradford Hill Criteria
Diet and Cancer
Carotenoids
Obesity
Vitamin D
Calcium
Fiber
Cruciferous Veggies
Folate
Selenium
Green Tea
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Oxidant Stress and Carcinogenesis
Introduction
Source of Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress
Antioxidants
Pro-oxidants
Role of ROS in Redox Signaling
ROS Are Part of Metabolic Phenotype of Cancer Cells
Oxidative Stress and Redox Balance in Carcinogenesis
Obesity, Oxidative Stress, and Cancer
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Diets and Cancer
Vitamin E
Carotenoids
Vitamin C
Flavonoids
Glutathione and Glutathione Reactive Units in Food
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Nutrition, Angiogenesis, and Cancer
Introduction
Nutrients and Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis and Carcinogenesis
Drug Targets and Angiogenic Factors
Vascular Endothelial Cells and Neovascularization
Nutritional Inhibition of Angiogenesis
Soy and Isoflavones
Teas and Catechins
Tomatoes and Carotenoids
Pomegranate, Strawberries, Walnuts, Pecans, and Ellagic Acid
Berries and Anthocyanins
Red Wine and Resveratrol
Beer Hops and Xanthohumol
Cruciferous Vegetables and Glucosinolates
Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acid Balance from Foods and Supplements
Leafy Green Vegetables and Vitamins K1 and K2
Angiogenesis Prevention
Adjunctive Treatment with Antiangiogenic Foods
Prevention of Relapse
Microbiota, Diet, and Angiogenesis
Fermented Foods and Angiogenesis
Berry Polyphenols
Citrus Fruits
Conclusion and Future Directions
References
Chapter 10 Cholesterol and Prostate Cancer
Introduction
Cholesterol Synthesis and Regulation in Normal Cells
How Cells Acquire Cholesterol
Dietary Origin of Cholesterol
De novo Cholesterol Synthesis
Regulation of De Novo Cholesterol Synthesis
Cholesterol Feedback Regulation
Transcriptional Master Regulators of Cholesterol Production
Linking Cholesterol Accumulation to PC Progression
Cell Proliferation
Steroidogenesis
Lipid Raft Signaling
Cholesterol Lowering Drugs in PC Prevention
Role of Cholesterol in the Changing Landscape of PC Progression
Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 11 The Microbiome and Cancer
Introduction
The Microbiome
Germ-Free Mice
Cancer Treatment
Diet
Fecal Microbiota Transplant
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Exercise, Energy Balance, Body Composition, and Cancer Risk
Introduction
Physiologic Changes Resulting from Exercise
Exercise and Adipose Tissue
Exercise and Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal Muscle and Glucose Regulation
Skeletal Muscle and Lipid Metabolism
Energy Balance
Exercise and Weight Maintenance
Exercise and Cancer Risk
Breast Cancer
Colon Cancer
Endometrial Cancer
Other Cancer Sites (Lung, Kidney, Prostate, Pancreatic)
References
Chapter 13 Nutrition, Hormones, Cancer Risk, and Progression
Obesity and Cancer
Estrogens
Aromatase
Metabolic Syndrome
Insulin and IGF-1
Androgens
Dietary Fiber
Microbiome
GI Hormones
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14 Nutrition Support for Cancer Patients throughout the Continuum of Care
Abbreviations
Nutritional Needs of Patients with Cancer
The Role of Muscle in Patients with Cancer
Nutrition Support for Patients with Cancer
Screening, Assessment, and Diagnosis of Malnutrition in Patients with Cancer
Guidelines for Implementing Nutrition Support for Patients with Cancer
Methods of Nutrition Support for Patients with Cancer
Nutrition Consideration in the Management of Cancer Cachexia
Nutrition Challenges for Patients with Cancer Cachexia
Clinical Effects of Omega-3 Enriched ONS for Cancer Cachexia
Clinical Trials of Omega-3 Enriched ONS for Cancer Cachexia
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Omega-3 Enriched ONS for Cancer Cachexia
Expert Recommendations and Guidelines on Omega-3 Enriched ONS for Cancer Cachexia
Other Nutrients/Ingredients to Inhibit Muscle Protein Degradation
Perioperative Nutrition Needs and the Impact of Malnutrition on the Surgical Oncology Patient
Prevalence of Malnutrition in the Surgical Oncology Patient
Impact of Malnutrition on the Surgical Patient and Effect of Sarcopenia on Surgical Outcomes
Preoperative Malnutrition Screening and Assessment in Surgical Oncology
Monitoring and Evaluation: Nutrition Challenges of the GI Surgical Patient
Perioperative Nutrition Care of the Surgical Oncology Patient
Preoperative Carbohydrate Loading for Surgical Oncology
Immunonutrition for Surgical Oncology
Postoperative Nutrition Care for Surgical Oncology
Implementing Perioperative Protocols in Surgical Oncology
Transitions of Care and Long-Term Nutrition Support of the Surgical Oncology Patient
Postdischarge Dietitian Counseling
Oral Nutrition Supplements
Diligent Postdischarge Malnutrition Surveillance
Oncology Nutrition Economics and Quality Improvement Programs
Opportunities in Value-Based Care and Nutrition-Focused Quality Improvement Programs for Cancer Patients
Nutrition-Focused QIP in the Hospital Setting
Nutrition-Focused QIP in the Postacute Setting
Nutrition-Focused QIP in the Outpatient Setting
Oncology Nutrition Care Alignment with Patient-Centered Care
Developments in Telehealth and Oncology Nutrition
Conclusions and Future Directions of Oncology Nutrition Support
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 15 Malnutrition and Cancer Cachexia
Introduction
Cytokines
Muscle Wasting
Lipid Mobilization
Anorexia
Taste and Smell
Prevalence
Lung Cancer
Head and Neck Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Gastric Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Liver Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Nutrition and Chemotherapy in the Epidemic of Obesity
Introduction
Epidemiology and Prognosis of Cancer in the Face of Obesity
Cancer Incidence
Effects of Obesity
Effects of Diet
Effects of Weight Loss
Cancer Outcome
Potential Mechanisms Linking Obesity to Cancer Outcome
Genetics, Ethnicity, and Race
Socioeconomic Status
Behavior
Pharmacokinetics
Inflammation
Hormones
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1
Insulin
Leptin
Adiponectin
Osteopontin
Estrogen
Metabolic Fuels
Microbiome
Specific Cancers Related to Underlying Obesity-Related Conditions
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Barrett’s Esophagus
Pancreatitis
Weight Changes during Cancer Treatment
Diet Interventions
Fasting
Calorie Restriction
Ketogenic Diet
Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Fish Oil Supplementation
Animal Protein Restriction
Possible Mechanisms of Improved Efficacy with Diet Interventions
Which Is the Best Diet?
Summary/Conclusions
References
Chapter 17 Integrative Oncology and Nutrition
Introduction
Integrative Oncology
Botanical Dietary Supplements
Curcumin
Green Tea
Ginger
Reishi mushroom
Communicating
Mind–Body Practice
Acupuncture
Massage
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Susceptibility to Common Age-Related Chronic Diseases
Introduction
Obesity
Anxiety and Depression
Second Primary Cancers
Cardiovascular Disease
Diabetes
Osteoporosis
Addressing the Behavioral and Nutritional Concerns of the Cancer Survivor
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 Nutritional Advice and Dietary Supplements for the Cancer Survivor
Introduction
Post-Treatment Transition
Nutrition in the Cancer Survivor
Specific Nutrients and Food Compounds
Alcohol Use in Survivors
Dietary Pattern
Dietary Supplements
Vitamins and Minerals
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Beta-Carotene
Vitamin C
Summary and Future Directions
References
Chapter 20 Lifestyle Changes and Behavioral Approaches for the Cancer Survivor
Healthier Lifestyle Choices Improve Recurrence-Free Survival and Quality of Life
Cancer Survivors Are Motivated to Make Lifestyle Changes That Optimize Their Quality of Life
Tobacco Use Confounder Needs to Be Taken into Account in Order to Optimize the Quality of Life Benefits of Healthy Eating and Regular Physical Activity
Physical Activity Influence on Eating Behavior and Digestion
Adherence to a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern or Similar Dietary Patterns is Associated with Increased Quality of Life
Health Orientation, Clarity of Health Change Goal, and Health Locus of Control
For Long-Term Maintenance of Desired Health Behaviors, Community Support is Key
Common Behavioral Approaches to Motivating Changes in Food Choice Behaviors and Maintaining Them
Prevention and Treatment of Obesity as a Primary Goal for Healthy Cancer Survivorship
Selected Behavior Change Theories Chosen for Their Frequency of Invocation in Publications
Social Cognitive Theory Highlights
Motivational Interviewing
Transtheoretical Model of Change (aka Stages of Change Model) Highlights
TPB Highlights
Self-Determination Theory Highlights
Social Ecological Model highlights
Evaluating Behavior Change Techniques Regardless of Behavior Change Theory
Behavior Change Research, Stratified by Cancer Site
Behavior Change Research Specific to Breast Cancer Survivorship
Focus on Dietary Change Approach to Increasing Recurrence-Free Survival and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
Focus on Physical Activity Change Approach to Increasing Recurrence-Free Survival and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors
Behavior Change Research Specific to Colorectal Cancer Survivorship
Behavior Change Research Specific to Lung Cancer Survivorship
Behavior Change Research Specific to Prostate Cancer Survivorship
Behavior Change Research Specific to Melanoma Cancer Survivorship
Behavior Change Research Specific to Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship
Behavior Change Research Specific to Surviving Diagnoses Involving Multiple Cancer Sites
Online Behavior Change Programs for Cancer Survivors
Structural Barriers to Healthcare Providers Promoting Healthier Behaviors to Cancer Survivors
Summary
Recommendations to Accelerate Progress in Optimizing Cancer Survivor Quality of Life through Motivating Them to Engage in Healthful Lifestyle Change
References
Chapter 21 Environmental Factors in Cancer Risk
Introduction
Environmental Factors and Genetic Alterations
Environmental Factors and Epigenetic Alterations
Environmental Factors and Protein Homeostasis
Environmental Factors and Stem Cells
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Cancer Risk
Air Pollution and Cancer Risk
Opportunities for Cancer Prevention
Conclusions
References
Chapter 22 Minority Health Disparities in Nutrition and Cancer
Introduction
Organizational Framework
Nutrition
Obesity
Oxidative Stress
Genomics
Cancer Incidence
Health Workers
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23 The Critical Questions on Nutrition and Cancer That Remain
Introduction
Obesity and Inflammation
Nutrition and Immunotherapy
Cachexia
Cancer Metabolism and Autophagy
Epigenetics
Angiogenesis
Botanicals
Big Data
Public Policy
Conclusion
References
Index