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Nutritional concerns in recreation, exercise, and sport

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Athletes, coaches, and recreationalists are continually seeking ways to maximize their competitive efforts in both exercise and sport, and from 5km runners to Olympians, most athletes recognize that good nutrition is as crucial to success as ongoing practice and regular exercise. Written and edited by top-notch nutrition and exercise authorities, Nutritional Concerns in Recreation, Exercise, and Sport comprehensively covers the major nutritional concerns related to physical activity and the serious recreationalist and athlete, focusing on core questions in the growing field of sports nutrition.

This valuable resource discusses the central roles macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) play in healthy nutrition. It includes practical considerations related to hydration, body weight, and the use of nutritional supplements as ergogenic aids. It also discusses the various athletic concerns athletes will likely face during different life stages, such as the young athlete, the pregnant athlete, and the aging athlete.

Concise and extensively referenced, Nutritional Concerns in Recreation, Exercise, and Sport provides the knowledge base athletes need to make well-informed dietary decisions, optimize overall health, and achieve personal performance success.

Author(s): Judy A. Driskell, Ira Wolinsky
Publisher: CRC
Year: 2009

Language: English
Pages: 367

Cover Page......Page 1
Title: Nutritional Concerns In Recreation, Exercise, And Sport......Page 2
ISBN 1420068156......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 7
The Editors......Page 8
Contributors......Page 10
Contents......Page 12
A. What Is Energy?......Page 13
C. Energy Expenditure......Page 14
Iii. How To Assess Intake And Expenditure In Athletes......Page 15
A. Matching ATP Production with ATP Requirements......Page 16
B. Exercise Intensity and Duration......Page 17
C. MultIplE Bouts of ExErCIsE......Page 18
2. Insufficient Intake Relative To Demand ( Energy Deficit)......Page 19
V. Energy Deficit For Weight Loss......Page 20
A. Acutely (Day of Competition or during Competition)......Page 21
Vii. Range Of Intakes In Various Sport Situations......Page 22
B. Is There a Conservation of Energy?......Page 24
C. Masters Athlete......Page 25
E. Sex Differences......Page 26
X. Conclusions......Page 27
References......Page 28
Contents......Page 34
A. Classifications and Dietary Sources......Page 35
B. Digestion and Absorption......Page 39
C. Carbohydrate Metabolism......Page 40
1. General Metabolic Processes Of Carbohydrate Metabolism......Page 41
2. Carbohydrate Metabolism During Exercise......Page 43
1. Temporal Issues......Page 45
2. Carbohydrate Loading......Page 47
3. Food Forms......Page 48
a. Fructose......Page 52
c. Galactose and Trehalose......Page 53
a. Pyruvate......Page 54
c. Chromium......Page 55
d. Glycerol......Page 56
Iii. Fat......Page 57
2. Fatty Acids......Page 58
B. Digestion and Absorption......Page 61
1. General Metabolic Processes Of Lipid Metabolism......Page 62
2. Lipid Metabolism During Exercise......Page 65
1. Fat Loading......Page 66
2. Mct Oil......Page 67
3. Conjugated Linoleic Acid......Page 68
4. Omega- 3 Fatty Acids......Page 69
5. Carnitine And Choline......Page 70
E. Influence of Exercise on Lipid Status......Page 71
Iv. Conclusions......Page 72
References......Page 73
I. Introduction......Page 86
Iii. Controversy......Page 87
1. Following Exercise......Page 88
2. Before Exercise......Page 91
C. Protein Type......Page 94
Vi. Conclusions......Page 96
References......Page 97
I. Introduction......Page 102
A. Vitamin A......Page 105
B. Vitamin D......Page 107
C. Vitamin E......Page 108
D. Vitamin K......Page 110
A. Thiamin......Page 111
B. Riboflavin......Page 112
C. Niacin......Page 113
D. Vitamin B6......Page 115
E. Folate......Page 116
F. Vitamin B12......Page 118
H. Biotin......Page 120
I. Choline......Page 121
J. Vitamin C......Page 122
References......Page 125
Contents......Page 134
Iii. Importance Of Obtaining Accurate Dietary Intake Information......Page 135
B. Calcium Homeostasis......Page 136
C. Calcium Requirements......Page 138
E. Calcium Supplementation and Exercise Performance......Page 139
A. Role of Magnesium in the Human Body......Page 140
D. Magnesium Status of Athletes......Page 141
E. Magnesium Supplementation and Exercise Performance......Page 143
C. Chromium Supplementation and Exercise Performance......Page 144
A. Boron Requirements and Boron Supplementation and Exercise Performance......Page 146
Ix. Future Research Needs......Page 148
References......Page 149
I. Introduction......Page 156
Iii. Properties Of Water......Page 157
Iv. Definition And Symptoms Of Dehydration......Page 158
V. Regulation Of Thirst And Hydration......Page 159
Vi. Hydration And Health And Disease......Page 161
Vii. Hydration And Physical And Athletic Performance......Page 163
Viii. Practical Measurements Of Hydration......Page 165
Ix. The Difference Between Water And Other Means Of Rehydration......Page 167
X. Fluid Replacement......Page 170
Xi. Conclusions......Page 171
References......Page 172
Contents......Page 178
1. Energy Intake And Expenditure......Page 179
2. Diet- Induced Thermogenesis......Page 181
C. Weight Gain......Page 183
1. Glycemic Index Of Carbohydrates......Page 184
B. High Protein Diets......Page 186
1. Fiber......Page 188
B. Thermogenics......Page 189
2. Calcium Pyruvate......Page 190
4. Chromium......Page 192
6. Conjugated Linoleic Acids ( Cla)......Page 193
8. Garcinia cambogia (HCA)......Page 194
E. Diuretics......Page 195
F. Weight Gain and Muscle Mass......Page 196
2. Creatine......Page 197
3. b-hydroxy b-methylbutyrate (b-HMB)......Page 198
V. Future Research Needs......Page 199
Vi. Conclusions......Page 200
References......Page 201
Table 7.1 Glycemic Index Of Common Foods......Page 185
Table 7.2 Other Purported Weight Loss Supplements.......Page 191
I. Introduction......Page 212
Iii. Energy Expenditure And Intake......Page 213
A. Carbohydrate......Page 215
B. Protein......Page 218
C. Fat......Page 219
V. Micronutrients......Page 220
Vi. Water And Sodium......Page 222
A. Carbohydrate Loading for Competition......Page 225
B. Pre-Exercise Meal and Hydration......Page 226
C. Glycerol Hyperhydration......Page 227
D. Exercise Fueling and Hydration......Page 228
E. Recovery Nutrition and Hydration......Page 233
A. Caffeine......Page 235
Ix. Ultra- Endurance And Multi- Day Events......Page 236
X. Future Research Needs......Page 237
Xi. Conclusions......Page 238
References......Page 239
Contents......Page 246
1.b-Alanine......Page 247
2.b-Hydroxy-b-Methylbutyrate (HMB)......Page 250
3. Caffeine......Page 251
4. Creatine......Page 252
5. Essential Amino Acids ( Eaas)......Page 253
7. Sodium Citrate......Page 255
2. Alpha- Ketoisocaproate ( Kic)......Page 256
4. Branched- Chain Amino Acids ( Bcaas)......Page 257
5. Colostrum......Page 258
6. Dehydroepiandrosterone ( Dhea)......Page 259
8. Ginseng......Page 260
10. N- Acetylcysteine ( Nac)......Page 261
11. Rhodiola......Page 262
13. Taurine......Page 263
2. Betaine......Page 264
5. Citrulline Malate......Page 265
7. D- Pinitol......Page 266
9. Glutamine......Page 267
11. Octacosanol......Page 268
14. Tyrosine......Page 269
15. Yohimbine......Page 270
Iii. Summary And Conclusions......Page 271
References......Page 277
Contents......Page 292
A. Introduction......Page 293
B. Factors Affecting Nutritional Needs......Page 294
C. Energy Requirements......Page 295
1. Carbohydrates......Page 296
2. Fat......Page 297
3. Protein......Page 298
1. Vitamins......Page 299
2. Minerals......Page 300
F. Fluids......Page 302
G. Supplement Use......Page 304
H. Food Habits......Page 306
I. Adolescent Body Image and Weight Control......Page 309
J. Disordered Eating......Page 310
K. Summary......Page 311
A. Introduction......Page 312
B. Energy Requirements......Page 313
E. Iron Requirements......Page 314
3. Adolescent Athletes And Pregnancy......Page 315
H. Recommendations......Page 316
A. Introduction......Page 317
C. Energy Requirements......Page 318
D. Macronutrients......Page 320
2. Fat......Page 321
3. Protein......Page 322
E. Micronutrients......Page 323
a. Vitamin A......Page 325
c. Vitamin B12......Page 326
e. Vitamin D......Page 327
f. Vitamin E......Page 328
h. Folate......Page 329
a. Calcium......Page 330
b. Iron......Page 331
F. Fluids......Page 332
G. Supplement Use......Page 333
H. Medication–Nutrient Interactions......Page 335
V. Conclusions......Page 336
References......Page 337
A......Page 352
C......Page 353
E......Page 355
F......Page 358
H......Page 359
L......Page 360
M......Page 361
P......Page 362
S......Page 363
V......Page 364
W......Page 365
X,Y,Z......Page 366
Back Page......Page 367