This book is a detailed reference for all nurses caring for children with neurosurgical problems. The explanations and treatment options for each neurosurgical diagnosis will help the reader to understand the rationale behind the nursing care. Each chapter includes information on patient and family education and gives helpful guidelines. There is no other reference available that provides such specific information.
Author(s): Cathy Cartwright, Donna C. Wallace
Edition: 1st Edition.
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 295
Contents......Page 8
Nursing Approach to Neurological Assessment......Page 16
Developmental Assessment: Growth and Developmental Tasks by Age......Page 17
Neonate......Page 19
Infant......Page 22
Toddler......Page 25
School-Age Child......Page 26
Adolescent......Page 27
Hands-On Neurological Assessment......Page 28
Level of Consciousness......Page 29
Cranial Nerve Assessment – Brainstem Function......Page 31
Assessment of Motor Function......Page 34
Assessment of Reflexes......Page 35
Assessment of Gait and Balance......Page 36
Assessment of Brain Death: Herniation Syndromes and Brainstem Reflexes......Page 37
Pain Assessment in the Child with a Neurological Diagnosis......Page 38
Conclusion......Page 39
References......Page 42
History of Hydrocephalus......Page 43
Classifications of Types of Hydrocephalus......Page 44
Acquired Hydrocephalus......Page 45
Intracranial Pressure......Page 46
Brain Tissue Changes......Page 48
Myelomeningocele and Chiari II Malformation......Page 49
Vein of Galen Malformation......Page 50
Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity......Page 51
Postinfectious Hydrocephalus......Page 52
Signs and Symptoms of Hydrocephalus......Page 53
Ultrasonography......Page 55
Computed Tomography......Page 56
Medical Therapy......Page 57
Surgical Intervention......Page 58
Treatment of Hydrocephalus in Specific Malformations/Diseases......Page 62
Shunt Malfunction......Page 64
Shunt Infection......Page 66
Complications Related to Distal Catheter Location......Page 67
Special Diagnostic and Treatment Challenge: Slit Ventricle Syndrome......Page 68
Pathophysiology......Page 70
Nursing Care of the Hydrocephalus Patient After Surgery......Page 71
Medications......Page 72
Other Nursing Care......Page 73
Extraventricular Drainage......Page 74
Family Support......Page 75
Living with Hydrocephalus......Page 76
Cognitive Abnormalities......Page 77
Seizures......Page 78
References......Page 79
Introduction......Page 81
Pathophysiology......Page 82
Pathophysiology......Page 90
Surgical Intervention......Page 95
Preoperative Preparation for Intracranial Surgery......Page 96
Surgical Experience......Page 97
Surgical Technique......Page 98
Conclusion......Page 101
References......Page 102
Etiology......Page 104
Pathophysiology......Page 105
Myelomeningocele (Open Defect)......Page 106
Comorbidities of Myelomeningocele......Page 108
Prenatal Screening for Myelomeningocele......Page 109
Nursing Considerations......Page 111
Spina Bifida Occulta (Closed Defect)......Page 114
Clinical Presentation......Page 115
Cutaneous Anomalies of OSD......Page 116
Orthopedic Findings of OSD......Page 117
Nursing Considerations......Page 118
Conclusion......Page 119
References......Page 120
Chiari Type I......Page 122
Chiari Type II......Page 123
Chiari Type I......Page 124
Chiari Type II......Page 125
Diagnostic Tests......Page 126
Nursing Care......Page 127
Treatment Options for Syringomyelia......Page 128
Outcomes: Short and Long Term......Page 129
References......Page 130
Etiology......Page 132
Nervous System Anatomy......Page 133
Diagnosis......Page 134
Treatment......Page 138
Types of Tumors......Page 143
Infant Tumors......Page 151
Diagnosis......Page 152
Surgery......Page 153
Observation......Page 154
Chemotherapy......Page 155
Late Effects of CNS Tumors and Treatment......Page 156
Neuroendocrine Late Effects......Page 157
Conclusion......Page 158
References......Page 159
Pediatric Anatomy and Physiology in Head Trauma......Page 161
Primary Versus Secondary Mechanism of Injury......Page 162
General Assessment......Page 163
Glasgow Coma Scale......Page 164
Pupillary Response......Page 165
Brainstem Reflex Exam......Page 166
Motor Exam......Page 167
Supratentorial Versus Infratentorial Injury......Page 168
Birth-related TBI......Page 170
Neonatal Skull Fracture......Page 171
Subdural Hemorrhage......Page 173
Intracerebellar Hemorrhage......Page 174
Pediatric TBI......Page 175
Diffuse Axonal Injury......Page 181
Penetrating Craniocerebral Injury......Page 182
Inflicted TBI......Page 183
Intracranial Compliance......Page 186
Pathophysiology of Intracranial Hypertension......Page 187
Cerebral Herniation Syndromes......Page 188
Intensive Care Management......Page 190
ICP Monitoring......Page 191
Analgesia, Sedation, and Neuromuscular Blockade......Page 192
Hyperventilation......Page 193
Hydration and Nutrition......Page 194
Diabetes Insipidus......Page 195
Postoperative Nursing Care and Complications......Page 196
General Postoperative Nursing Care......Page 197
Postoperative Complications......Page 198
Prevention Efforts......Page 199
References......Page 200
The Pediatric Spinal Column......Page 203
Injury Classifications......Page 204
Treatment......Page 211
Secondary Medical Conditions......Page 212
Spinal Manifestations of Achondroplasia......Page 214
Klippel-Feil Syndrome......Page 217
Mucopolysaccharide Disorders......Page 218
References......Page 220
Cerebral Blood Supply......Page 223
Arterial Supply......Page 224
Venous Supply......Page 225
Presenting Symptoms......Page 226
Diagnostic Tests......Page 227
Nursing Care......Page 228
Etiology......Page 229
Diagnostic Imaging......Page 230
Treatment......Page 231
Pathophysiology......Page 233
Diagnostic Imaging......Page 234
Aneurysm Subtypes......Page 235
Pathophysiology......Page 236
Treatment Options......Page 237
Outcomes......Page 238
Treatment Options......Page 239
Pathophysiology......Page 240
Treatment......Page 241
Outcomes......Page 242
Treatment Options......Page 243
Patient and Family Education......Page 244
Management of Pain and Anxiety......Page 245
Patient and Family Education......Page 246
Pathophysiology......Page 247
Presenting Signs and Symptoms......Page 248
Treatment Options......Page 249
Nursing Care......Page 250
Neurovascular Websites for Parents......Page 251
References......Page 252
Introduction......Page 255
Preoperative Preparation......Page 256
Invasive Monitoring......Page 257
Seizure Surgery......Page 259
Hemispherectomy......Page 260
Nursing Care......Page 261
Surgical Procedure......Page 262
Conclusion......Page 263
References......Page 264
Pathophysiology of Spasticity......Page 265
Baclofen......Page 266
Intrathecal Baclofen......Page 267
Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy......Page 268
Procedure......Page 272
References......Page 273
Etiology......Page 275
Presenting Symptoms......Page 276
Treatment Options......Page 277
Outcome......Page 278
Diagnostic Tests......Page 279
Patient and Family Education......Page 280
Presenting Symptoms......Page 281
Nursing Care......Page 282
Pathophysiology......Page 283
Outcome......Page 284
References......Page 285
B......Page 286
C......Page 287
D......Page 288
H......Page 289
J......Page 290
N......Page 291
P......Page 292
S......Page 293
V......Page 294
X......Page 295
