New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics XIII: Contributions to the 22nd STAB/DGLR Symposium

Preface
Contents
Airplane Aerodynamics/Propulsion Integration
Influence of the Wind Tunnel Model Mounting on the Wake Evolution of the Common Research Model in Post Stall
1 Introduction
2 Test Case and CFD Setup
3 Results
3.1 Near Field Effects
3.2 Far Field Effects
3.3 Forces and Moments
4 Conclusions
References
Assessment of the Disturbance Velocity Approach to Determine the Gust Impact on Airfoils in Transonic Flow
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Methods and Setup
3 Results of the Gust Wavelength Variation
4 Results of the Angle of Attack Variation
5 Conclusion
References
Comparison of Different Methods for the Extraction of Airfoil Characteristics of Propeller Blades as Input for Propeller Models in CFD
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Method (a) - 3d Propeller Blade Polars
2.2 Method (b) - 2.5d Blade Element Polars
2.3 Method (c) - 2d Airfoil Polars
2.4 Method (d) - Slipstream Recovered Forces
2.5 Tip Loss Correction
3 Numerical Setup
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Airfoil Characteristics
4.2 Validation
5 Conclusions
References
Turbulence and Transition
Effect of the Motion Pattern on the Turbulence Generated by an Active Grid
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Modified Active Grid in the Wind Tunnel
2.2 Experiments and Data Acquisition
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Stochastic Modeling of Passive Scalars in Turbulent Channel Flows: Predictive Capabilities of One-Dimensional Turbulence
1 Introduction
2 ODT Model Formulation, Application, and Calibration
2.1 Key Idea of ODT Modeling
2.2 Governing Equations
2.3 Remarks on Computational Resources Used
2.4 Model Application and Calibration
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Scaling Regimes of the Scalar Transfer to the Wall
3.2 Mean Scalar Concentration and Boundary-Layer Structure
3.3 Scalar Fluctuation Variance and Turbulent Fluxes
3.4 Eddy Diffusivity and Its Relation to Asymptotic Scalar Transfer
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Study of RANS Turbulence Models for Turbulent Wake Flow in Adverse Pressure Gradient
1 Introduction
2 Test Case Description
3 Numerical Setup for RANS Simulations
4 RANS Turbulence Modelling
4.1 Sensitization to Pressure Gradients
4.2 Calibration of the GGDH Using the LES Data
5 Results
5.1 Mean Velocity
5.2 Reynolds Stresses
5.3 Ratio of Production to Dissipation of Turbulence
6 Conclusion
References
Study on Large-Scale Amplitude Modulation of Near-Wall Small-Scale Structures in Turbulent Wall-Bounded Flows
1 Introduction
2 Data Set
3 Methodical Approach
3.1 Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition
3.2 Inner-Outer Interaction Analysis
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Application of Multitask Learning for Enhancement of Spalart-Allmaras Turbulence Model
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Method
2.1 Inverse Problem Formulation
2.2 Machine Learning
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Investigation of Coherent Motions in a Flat-Plate Turbulent Boundary Layer with Adverse Pressure Gradient
1 Introduction
2 DNS Data Base and Correlation Technique
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics
HyperCODA – Extension of Flow Solver CODA Towards Hypersonic Flows
1 Introduction
2 Flow Solver CODA
2.1 Motivation and Background
2.2 Solver Capabilities
2.3 Infrastructure and Implementation
3 HyperCODA – Hypersonics Extension to CODA
3.1 Governing Equations
3.2 Infrastructure, Spatial, and Temporal Discretization
4 Numerical Results
4.1 Species Transport for a Multi-species Gas
4.2 Sod Problem with Multiple Species
4.3 Blunt Body Test Case
4.4 Application to a Rocket Example: Falcon9 Retropropulsion
5 Planned Features for HyperCODA
6 Conclusions
References
Experimental Approach on Concentration Measurements of NO in Hydrogen Combustion Based on Heterodyne Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Using Quantum Cascade Lasers
1 Introduction
2 Dual Comb Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
3 Experimental Apparatus
3.1 Spectrometer
3.2 HEG and SSFE Wind Tunnel Model
3.3 Flow State of the SSFE Propulsion Unit
3.4 Wavenumber Calibration
4 Conclusions
References
Internal Application of Ultra-Fast Temperature Sensitive Paint to Hydrogen Combustion Flow
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
3 Experimental Apparatus and Data Processing
4 Results
5 Summary, Conclusion and Outlook
References
Aerodynamic Data Set Generation for the Experimental Vehicle ReFEx
1 Introduction
2 Aerodynamic Characterization
2.1 Reduction of Calculation Points by Traditional Means
2.2 Aerodynamic Dataset Structure with Trimmed Sets
2.3 Obtaining Aerodynamic Coefficients from the Trimmed Aerodynamic Dataset
3 Superposition of Parameter Effects
4 Interpolation Quality and Valid Deflections
5 Conclusion
References
Contribution of Numerical and Experimental Flow Simulations to the Aerodynamic Data Base of the DLR Reusable Flight Experiment ReFEx
1 Introduction
2 Wind Tunnel
3 Numerical Methods
4 Results for Symmetrical Canard Deflection
4.1 Uncertainties of the Calculated Aerodynamic Coefficients
4.2 Further Influence on the Aerodynamic Coefficients
5 Results for Asymmetrical Canard Deflection
6 Conclusion
References
Flow Control
Unsteady Characterization of Fluidic Flow Control Devices for Gust Load Alleviation
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Approach
2.1 Unsteady Simulations
3 Actuator Definitions
3.1 Performance Recovery for Coanda Baseline Airfoil
3.2 Jet Temperature Effect
3.3 Dual Blowing for Load Alleviation
4 Gust Definition
5 Unsteady Behavior of Active Flow Control
5.1 Actuator Comparison
6 Conclusions
References
Aeroelastic Behavior of a Laminar Wing in Transonic Flow
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 ModGen: Geometry and Structural Model
2.2 DLR TAU-Code: Transition Prediction
2.3 FlowSimulator: CFD-CSM Coupling
3 Results
3.1 Aerodynamics
3.2 Structural Model
3.3 Aeroelasticity
4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Influence of Surface Irregularities on the Expected Boundary-Layer Transition Location on Hybrid Laminar Flow Control Wings
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Reference Design and Base Flow Computation
2.2 Infinite Swept-Wing Approximation
2.3 Surface Irregularity
2.4 Instability Analysis
3 Results
3.1 Base Flow Computations
3.2 N-Factor Curves
4 Conclusions
References
Transition Prediction and Analysis of the CRM-NLF Wing with the DLR TAU Code
1 Introduction
2 Simulation Set-Up
3 Results
3.1 Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Data
3.2 Influence of Turbulent Wedges
3.3 Stability Analysis
4 Conclusion
References
Determination of Critical N-Factors for the CRM-NLF Wing
1 Introduction
2 Approach
3 Approach
4 Conclusion
References
Experimental Investigation on Roughness-Induced Transition Under the Influence of Freestream Turbulence
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Set-Up
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
A Procedure to Estimate the Size of a Suction Flap for a Passive HLFC System
1 Introduction
2 Review of Rogallo's Results
3 Approximation of the Experimental Results
4 Flap Size Estimation
5 Conclusions
References
Receptivity of Swept-Wing Boundary Layers to Surface Roughness and Inhomogeneous Suction
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 PSE
2.2 Roughness and Inhomogeneous Suction Boundary Conditions
2.3 Adjoint PSE
2.4 Receptivity Coefficients
2.5 Baseflow Configuration
3 Results
3.1 FSC Results
3.2 A320 VTP Receptivity Results
4 Summary and Conclusions
References
DLR Feasibility Study of HLFC Wing Designs for S1MA Wind Tunnel Test
1 Introduction
2 Geometry and Flow Conditions
2.1 GBD-DLR-2 and HLFC-WIN S1MA Geometries
2.2 Flow Conditions
3 Design Requirements
4 Numerical Methods
4.1 CFD Method and Design Method
4.2 Computational Meshes
4.3 Stability Analysis
5 Results
5.1 Design Strategy and Procedure
5.2 Inner Wing Attachment Line Criteria Results 2Re
5.3 Presure Distributions Results, Especially Outer Wing
6 Summary
References
The Effect of 2-D Surface Irregularities on Laminar-Turbulent Transition: A Comparison of Numerical Methodologies
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Methods
3 Results
3.1 Laminar Basic Flows
3.2 Instability Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Numerical Study of Dynamic 2D Bumps for Active Gust Load Alleviation
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Approach and Flow Conditions
3 Prestudy–Critical Load Case
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
High-Agility Configuration
Steady-State Flow Solutions for Delta Wing Configurations at High Angle of Attack Using Implicit Schemes
1 Introduction, Governing Equations and Discretization
1.1 Introduction
1.2 RANS Equations and Discretization
2 Solution Method
2.1 Implicit Smoother
2.2 Preconditioning Strategies
2.3 Approximation of Jacobian
2.4 Choice of Time Step, Stabilization
3 Numerical Results
3.1 Transonic Flow over a Delta-Wing with Attached Sting
3.2 Low Mach Flow over a Delta-Wing with Load
4 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Vortex Burst Phenomena on Generic Hybrid Delta Wing Planforms at Subsonic Speeds
1 Introduction
2 Configurations
3 Experimental Methods
3.1 Fast Response Aerodynamic Probe
3.2 Particle Image Velocimetry
4 Results
4.1 Turbulent Flow Field
4.2 Spectral Analysis of the Vortex Breakdown
5 Conclusion
References
Numerical Modelling of a Wind Tunnel Experiment to Investigate Vortex-Dominated Flow at Medium and High Angles of Attack
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Considerations
3 Experimental Set-Up
3.1 Transonic Windtunnel Goettingen (TWG)
3.2 IWEX Model
3.3 Measurement Methodology/Sensors
4 Numerical Set-Up
4.1 CFD Grid
4.2 Flow Solver
4.3 Boundary Conditions for Wind Tunnel Flow
5 Results
5.1 Steady Calculations
5.2 Unsteady Calculations
6 Conclusion
References
Rotorcraft
Investigation of a Coaxial Propeller Configuration Under Non-axial Inflow Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Approach
3 Numerical Approach
4 Results
4.1 Steady Forces
4.2 Transient Forces
4.3 Velocity and Pressure Along Propeller Axis
4.4 Flow Fields
5 Conclusion
References
BOS-Based Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Rotor Blade Tip Vortex Positions
1 Introduction
2 Rotor Test Stand Experiment (RTG)
2.1 Experimental Setup at the RTG
2.2 Reconstruction Methodology
2.3 Results
2.4 PIV Comparison
3 Free-Flying Model Helicopter Experiment
3.1 Experimental Setup of the Model Helicopter
3.2 Reconstruction Methodology
3.3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Quantification of the Influence of Particle Voids on PIV Measurements via Synthetic-PIV
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
3 Synthetic Particle Image Velocimetry
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Development and Analysis of a Coaxial Rotor Test Bench in Axial Flow Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Experimental Procedure
3.1 Test Envelope
3.2 Data Processing and Uncertainty Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Numerical Investigation of Aerodynamic Fairings on a Cycloidal Rotor
1 Introduction
2 Model Setup
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Application of Fan Boundary Condition for Modelling Helicopter Rotors in Vertical Flight
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Numerical Setup
3 Results
3.1 Identification of Rotor Working States
3.2 Wake Swirl in Hover
4 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Efficient Aerodynamic and Aeroacustic Optimization of Propeller Sections Using Bayesian Methods
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Parametrization
2.2 Airfoil-Self Noise
2.3 Bayesian Optimization
3 Optimization Problem
4 Results
4.1 Pure Aerodynamic Optimization
4.2 Coupled Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Optimization
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Approximate Boundary Layer Methods for a Fast Mid-Fidelity Aerodynamics Code for Helicopter Simulations
1 Introduction
2 Computational Method
2.1 Unsteady Panel and Free-Wake Method
2.2 Approximate Boundary Layer Analysis
3 Results
3.1 Airfoils
3.2 Wings
3.3 Rotors
3.4 Fuselages
4 Conclusion
References
Experimental Measurement of a UAV Rotor's Acoustic Emission
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Aerodynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Coaxial Helicopter Fuselage
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Numerical Setup
3 Results
3.1 Fuselage Polar
3.2 Flight Polar
3.3 Fuselage Optimization
4 Conclusions
References
Effect of Vortex-Wake Interaction on Vortex-Rotor Interference and on Rotor Trim
1 Introduction
2 Technical Approach
3 Results
4 Visualization of Fixed-Wing and Rotor Wakes
5 Conclusions
References
Comparisons of Different Spatial Schemes and Limiters for Helicopter Flows
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Ehrenfried Vortex
4 Inviscid NACA0012
5 7A/7AD Rotors in Hover
6 HART-II Rotor in Descent Flight
7 Summary
References
Experimental and Numerical Study on Helicopter Acoustic Scattering
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Test Setup for the Fuselage Scattering
2.1 DLR Laser Point Source
2.2 Polimi Tail Rotor Source
3 Description of DLR Acoustic Scattering Prediction Methodology for the Helicopter Purpose
3.1 DLR Acoustic Scattering Prediction
3.2 The Rotor Noise Incident Field
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 The Fuselage Scattering from the Laser Point Source
4.2 Rotor Noise Scattering by the Fuselage
5 Conclusion Remarks
References
Technical Flows
Bi-stability Detection in the Flow Around a Sphere by Means of Experiments and Lattice Boltzmann Simulations
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Numerical Methodology
4 Comparison of the Predicted and Measured Results
5 Conclusion
References
Convolutional Neural Networks for Approximation of Blood Flow in Artificial Lungs
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Training Data
2.2 Neural Network Designs
2.3 Loss Manipulation
2.4 Hyper Parameter Search
3 Results
4 Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Modelling of Heat Transfer for Droplet Condensation in Mixed Convective Duct Flow
1 Condensation
1.1 Model Despcription
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Thermal Balance
2.2 Adjustment of the Droplet Force Balance
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Experimental Simulation of the Human Respiration
1 Introduction
2 Human Breathing Characteristics
3 System Layout and Implementation
3.1 Mechanical Implementation
3.2 Sensors and Control System
3.3 Development of a Realistic Human Breathing Flow via Facial Mask
4 System Validation and Application
4.1 Validation of Human Breathing Characteristics
4.2 Generic Train Laboratory
4.3 Spatial CO2 Distribution in the Generic Train Laboratory
5 Conclusion
References
Characterization of a Mixed Convection Cell Designed for Phase Transition Studies in Moist Air
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Set-Up
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Study on the Influence of Turbulence on Thermal Comfort for Draft Air
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
On the Simulation of a Heavy Vehicle Wake in OpenFOAM with Real-World Data
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Simulation of the On-Road Incoming Flow
2.2 Simulation of Incoming Flow for the Wind Tunnel Model
2.3 Computational Set-Up
3 Assessment of Incoming Velocity Fields
4 Assessment of Predicted Drag
5 Computational Resources
6 Conclusions
References
Aerodynamic Characterisation of a Compact Car Driving Behind a Heavy Vehicle
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Methodology
2.1 Test Site
2.2 Test Vehicles
2.3 Measurements
3 Incoming Flow
3.1 Turbulence Intensities, Length Scales and Isotropy
3.2 Velocity Flow Field
3.3 Frequency Spectra of the Velocity Fluctuations
4 Surface Pressure on the Compact Car
4.1 Time-Averaged Pressure
4.2 Transient Pressure
5 Conclusions
References
Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics
High-Fidelity Aeroelastic Loads Calculation for a Transport Aircraft Configuration Including Pitch and Roll Maneuvers
1 Introduction
2 Loads Analysis
2.1 Steady Maneuvers
2.2 Inertia Loads
2.3 Elastic Deformation
3 Models and Software
3.1 Aerodynamic Models
3.2 Structural Models
3.3 UltraFLoads
4 Results
5 Robustness
6 Conclusion
References
Deformation Measurements of a Full Span Model with Adaptive Elasto-Flexible Membrane Wings
1 Introduction
2 The Elasto-Flexible Morphing Wing
2.1 Description of the Concept
2.2 Model Design
3 Experimental Setup
4 Results
4.1 Pre-strain of the Membrane
4.2 Deformation of the Wing Planform
4.3 Deformation of the Wing Airfoil
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Numerical Investigation of Flexibility Effects on the CFD-CSM Coupling of Deflected Delta Wing Control Surfaces
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Methods
2.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Solver
2.2 Fluid-Structure Coupling
2.3 CFD Volume Grid Deformation
2.4 Chimera Implementation
2.5 Structural Solver
3 Model53 Delta Wing
3.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics Model
3.2 Finite Element Model
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Fluid and Thermodynamics
Validation of a Dynamic Simulation Approach for Transient Performance Using the Example of a Turbojet Engine
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Experimental Setup
2.2 Numerical Setup
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
LES of N2/H2 Transcritical Injection in a Rocket Combustion Chamber
1 Introduction
2 Governing Equations
3 Numerical Methods
3.1 Solver Description
3.2 Equation of State
4 Setup
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Computational Aerodynamics
Towards a 3D Galerkin-Type High-Order Panel Method: A 2D Prototype
1 Introduction
2 Galerkin-Type High-Order Panel Method
2.1 Governing Equations
2.2 Discretization
2.3 Comparison to Traditional Panel Methods
3 Numerical Results
3.1 Test Cases with Analytic Solutions
3.2 Miranda Test Case
4 Conclusions
References
Numerical Investigation of the Unsteady Flow Field Past an Offshore Wind Turbine in Maintenance Operations
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 The Flow Solver FLOWer
2.2 The NREL 5-MW Wind Turbine
2.3 Computational Cases
3 Results
3.1 Structure of the Time-Resolved Flow Field
3.2 Definition of the Helicopter Flight Regions
3.3 Turbulence Kinetic Energy
3.4 Inclination Angle
3.5 Turbulence Criterion for Safe Helicopter Operations
4 Conclusions
References
A Discontinuous Galerkin Chimera Method for Unsteady Flow Problems on Moving Grids
1 Introduction
2 Governing Equations
3 Numerical Formulation
4 Chimera Method
5 Numerical Results
6 Conclusion
References
Efficient Modelling of Near-Wall Turbulence in Hybrid RANS-LES Simulations
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Method
2.1 Hybrid RANS-LES Modelling
2.2 Analytical Wall Function Approach
3 Results
3.1 Periodic Channel
3.2 Backward-Facing Step
3.3 NASA Wall-Mounted Hump
3.4 Efficiency Considerations
4 Conclusions
References
Sensitivity Analysis of Discrepancy Terms Introduced in Turbulence Models Using Field Inversion
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Field Inversion and Machine Learning
2.2 Implementation
3 Sensitivity Analysis
3.1 Regularization
3.2 Grid Resolution
3.3 Area of Optimization
4 Application
4.1 Training
4.2 Numerical Results
5 Conclusion
References
Spliss: A Sparse Linear System Solver for Transparent Integration of Emerging HPC Technologies into CFD Solvers and Applications
1 Introduction
1.1 Matrix Structure
1.2 Solution Methods
2 The HPC-Aware Implementation of Spliss
3 The Integration of Spliss in CFD Applications
4 Evaluation
4.1 Evaluation of Spliss in Comparison to PETSc
4.2 Evaluation of CODA with Spliss on GPUs
5 Conclusion
References
Convection Treatment for RANS Turbulence Model Equations
1 Introduction
2 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow
2.1 Upwind Schemes
2.2 Fully Coupled Discretization
2.3 Loosely Coupled Discretization
2.4 Loosely Coupled, Simplified HLLC Discretization
3 Numerical Examples
3.1 Turbulent Flat Plate
3.2 Turbulent Flow over RAE 2822 Airfoil
3.3 Turbulent Flow over NACA 0012 Airfoil
4 Conclusion
References
DES of Weapon Bay in Fighter Aircraft Under High-Subsonic and Supersonic Conditions
1 Introduction
1.1 Description of Geometry
2 Numerical Method
2.1 Hybrid RANS-LES Method
2.2 Spatial and Numerical Discretization
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Qualitative Description of the Flow Field
3.2 Mean-u and p-RMS Fields
3.3 Spectral Analysis
4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Numerical Investigation of a Porous Trailing Edge by a Zonal RANS/LES Simulation
1 Introduction
2 Problem Formulation
2.1 LES
2.2 RANS
2.3 Numerical Solution
3 Computational Setup
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
Meshing Strategy for Movable Control Surfaces: Towards High-Fidelity Flight Maneuver Simulations
1 Introduction
2 Automatic Overlapping Region Generation for Matching Block Interfaces: The AutoLap Software
3 Test Cases
3.1 Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Fan
3.2 NACA0012 Wing with a Generic Aileron
4 Conclusions
References
Aerodynamic Shape Design of a Powered Helicopter Cell Using an Adjoint RANS Method with Actuator Disk Modelling
1 Introduction
2 Navier-Stokes Method and Actuator Disk Modelling
2.1 Finite-Volume Discretization
2.2 Discrete-Adjoint Method
2.3 Actuator-Disk Extension for the Discrete-Adjoint Method
2.4 Solution Algorithms
2.5 Verification Studies
3 Drag Minimization for a Helicopter Cell in Powered Conditions
3.1 ROBIN-Mod7 Helicopter Configuration
3.2 Optimization Workflow and Components
3.3 Optimization Study
4 Conclusions
References
Neural Network Modeling of Transonic Buffet on the NASA Common Research Model
1 Introduction
2 Computational Setup
2.1 CFD Solver
2.2 Nonlinear System Identification Approach
3 Application
3.1 Test Case: Common Research Model
3.2 Nonlinear System Identification
4 Validation and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Experimental Aerodynamics
Experimental Investigation of a Line-Cavity System Equipped with Fiber-Optic Differential Pressure Sensors in a Shock Tube
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical Background
2.1 Theory on the Line-Cavity System
2.2 System Identification
2.3 Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensor
3 Experimental Setup: Shock Tube
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
2D Airfoil-Testing in an Open Wind Tunnel Test Section: Test Setup, Instrumentation, Interference-Corrections, Validation
1 Introduction
2 Wind Tunnel and Test Setup
3 Investigation of Instrumentation and Testing Procedure
3.1 Angle of Attack Measurement
3.2 Flow Rakes in Angular Flow
3.3 Miscellaneous
4 Wind Tunnel Interference Correction
5 Validation Results and Conclusion
References
On the Effectiveness of Retrofitted Airfoil Leading Edge Devices to Limit Lift
1 Introduction
2 Wind Tunnel and Test Setup
3 Investigation of Leading Edge Radius Variations
3.1 Xfoil Results
3.2 Wind Tunnel Results
4 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Wake Vortex Analysis on Transport Aircraft Wing Featuring Dynamic Flap Motion
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Technique
2.1 Wind Tunnel Model and Test Facility
2.2 Particle Image Velocimetry
3 Numerical Setup
3.1 Computational Mesh
3.2 Flow Solver
4 Results
4.1 Baseline Configuration
4.2 Oscillating Flap Configuration
5 Conclusion
References
Aeroacoustic Noise
Fast Non-empiric Propeller Source Noise Model with Mean Flow
1 Introduction
2 Propeller Source Noise Model Implementation
2.1 Calculation of the Time Dependent Source Singularity Location
2.2 Regularisation of Sources
3 System of Perturbation Equations
4 Validation
5 Conclusions and Future Outlook
References
Investigation of Lighthill-Source Components in a Planar Jet-Wing-Flap Configuration
1 Introduction
2 Lighthill Source Componentens
3 Validation of the Source Treatment
4 Jet-Wing-Flap Configuration
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
A FWH Method for Aeroacoustic Prediction in Presence of Vorticity and Convection
1 Introduction
2 Governig Equations in CFD-Domain
3 Governing Equations in CAA-Domain
4 Verification and Validation
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Author Index