New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture and Biomedicine Systems: Diversity and Functional Perspectives

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New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Trends of Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainab ...
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Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Tiny microbes, big yields: Microorganisms for enhancing food crop production for sustainable development
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Microbiome technology
1.3. Rhizosphere versus phytomicrobiome approaches
1.4. Effects of the root microbiome on plant health
1.4.1. Disease-suppressive soils
1.4.2. Development of disease suppressiveness
1.4.3. Beneficial rhizosphere microbes: Modulation of the host immune system
1.5. Technical challenges and emerging solutions
1.6. In situ manipulation of microbiome
1.7. Future outlook
1.8. Concluding annotations and scenarios
References
Further reading
Chapter 2: The contribution of microbial biotechnology to sustainable development in agriculture and allied sectors
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Microorganisms in the sustainable agriculture development
2.3. Microbial biotechnology for sustainable agriculture
2.4. Role of microorganisms in improving crop production
2.4.1. Biofertilizers
2.4.1.1. Nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers
Free-living nitrogen fixers:
Associative symbiotic nitrogen fixers:
Symbiotic nitrogen fixers:
2.4.1.2. Phosphate solubilizing biofertilizers
2.4.1.3. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
2.4.1.4. Potassium solubilizing biofertilizers
2.4.1.5. Sulfur oxidizing biofertilizers
2.4.2. Biopesticides
2.4.2.1. Microbial pesticides
2.4.2.2. Biochemical pesticides
2.4.2.3. Plant-incorporated protectants
2.4.3. Bioherbicides
2.4.4. Bioinsecticides
2.4.5. Genetically modified plants for sustainable agriculture
2.5. Conclusion and future prospects
References
Further reading
Chapter 3: Microbial technologies to enhance crop production for future needs
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Organic agriculture
3.3. Agroecology
3.4. Microbial consortia
3.4.1. Bacteria
3.4.2. Microalgae and cyanobacteria
3.4.3. Protozoa
3.4.4. Yeast
3.4.5. Filamentous fungi
3.4.6. Edible mushrooms
3.5. Biofertilizers
3.6. Biostimulants of natural origin
3.7. Use of agro-industrial waste
3.7.1. Agro-industrial wastes as substrates for the generation of bioenergies
3.8. Agriculture and climate change
3.9. Conclusion and future prospects
References
Further reading
Chapter 4: Role and potential applications of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable agriculture
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial communities
4.3. Microbe-mediated alleviation of abiotic stress in plants
4.3.1. Nutrient availability for plant uptake
4.3.2. PGPR producing plant growth regulators
4.3.3. Production of phytohormones
4.3.4. Iron chelation by PGPR
4.3.5. PGPR producing VOCs (volatile organic compounds)
4.3.6. PGPR producing enzymes
4.4. Forms of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
4.5. PGPR as biofertilizers
4.6. PGPR as biopesticides
4.7. Conclusion and future prospects
References
Chapter 5: Mechanistic understanding of the root microbiome interaction for sustainable agriculture in polluted soils
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Root microbiome
5.3. Role of root microbiome interactions in alleviating inorganic pollutants
5.3.1. PGPB strategies to remediate metal toxicity
5.3.1.1. Phosphate solubilization
5.3.1.2. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production
5.3.1.3. Siderophore production
5.3.1.4. ACC deaminase activity
5.3.2. Microbes-assisted phytoremediation strategy
5.3.3. Microbial biosorption and oxidative stress enzymes
5.3.4. Rhizobium-legume as a model
5.4. Role of root microbiome interactions in alleviating organic pollutants
5.5. Conclusions and future prospects
References
Further reading
Chapter 6: Plant root-microbe relationship for shaping root microbiome modification in benefit agriculture
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Plant root ecology and microbial interactions
6.2.1. Root colonization
6.2.2. Host reaction toward organisms and soil network
6.2.3. Chemistry and mechanisms of action
6.2.4. Root reactions to bacterial majority detecting quorum signals
6.2.5. Plant root microbial variety for sustainable agriculture
6.3. Plant and soil-derived determinants affecting microbial root communities
6.4. Research advancement on plant root-microbe relationships
6.5. Application of plant root-microbe relationships
6.6. Challenges and future perspectives
6.7. Conclusions
References
Chapter 7: Biodiversity, phylogenetic profiling, and mechanisms of colonization of seed microbiomes
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Isolation and characterization of seed endophytic microbes
7.2.1. Isolation and enumeration of seed endophytic microbes
7.2.2. Molecular characterization of seed microbiomes
7.2.3. Diversity and distribution of seed microbiomes
7.3. Endophytic lifestyle: Mechanisms of interaction with plants
7.3.1. Relationship of flower microbiomes with seed microbiomes
7.3.2. Interactions between microbes and root zone
7.3.3. Interactions between microbes and endosphere
7.3.4. Interactions between microbes and soil
7.3.5. Microbial colonization
7.4. The genomes of endophytic microbiomes
7.5. Conclusion and future prospects
References
Further reading
Chapter 8: Biotechnological applications of seed microbiomes for sustainable agriculture and environment
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Functional attributes of seed microbiomes
8.3. Biotechnological applications
8.3.1. Agricultural applications
8.3.1.1. Role in seed germination
8.3.1.2. Nitrogen fixation
8.3.1.3. Phytohormones production
8.3.1.4. Phosphate solubilization
8.3.1.5. Siderophore production
8.3.1.6. Biocontrol: Enzyme and metabolite production
8.3.2. Bioremediation
8.4. Conclusions and future prospect
References
Chapter 9: Microbial biofilms: Beneficial applications for sustainable agriculture
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Plant surfaces: Complex and dynamic environments
9.3. Biofilms in the rhizosphere
9.4. Biofilms on seeds and sprouts
9.5. Biofilms in epiphytic plant colonization
9.6. Agriculturally important microorganisms
9.7. Agriculturally important microbial biofilms
9.7.1. Importance of biofilm formation in plant growth promotion
9.7.2. Importance of biofilm formation in biocontrol
9.7.3. Importance of biofilm as biofertilizers
9.7.4. Importance of biofilm formation in bioremediation
9.7.5. Importance of biofilm formation in nutrient mobilization
9.8. Conclusion and future prospect
References
Chapter 10: Phytases from microbes in phosphorus acquisition for plant growth promotion and soil health
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Biodiversity of phytases-producing microbes
10.3. Microbial phytases
10.3.1. Production of phytases
10.3.2. Factors affecting phytase production
10.3.2.1. Carbon source
10.3.2.2. Nitrogen source
10.3.2.3. Trace elements and vitamins
10.3.2.4. Temperature
10.3.2.5. Cultivation time
10.3.2.6. Inoculum size
10.3.3. Purification of phytases
10.3.4. Properties of phytases
10.3.4.1. Thermostability
10.3.4.2. Proteolytic stability
10.3.4.3. Substrate specificity
10.3.4.4. Crystal structure
10.3.4.5. pH optima
10.3.4.6. Molecular weight
10.3.5. Regulation of phytase formation
10.4. Biotechnological applications
10.4.1. Phosphorus acquisition and plant growth promotion
10.4.2. Fish feed
10.4.3. Poultry nutrition
10.4.4. Pig diet
10.4.5. Food industry
10.4.6. Human nutrition
10.5. Molecular biology
10.5.1. Gene expression
10.5.2. Transgenics with bacterial and fungal phytases
10.6. Conclusions and future prospects
References
Further reading
Chapter 11: Potassium solubilizing and mobilizing microbes: Biodiversity, mechanisms of solubilization, and biotechnologi ...
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Dynamics and functions of potassium
11.3. Biodiversity and abundance of K-solubilizing microbes
11.4. Mechanisms of K-solubilization and mobilization
11.5. Plant growth promoting attributes of K-solubilizers
11.5.1. K-solubilizers as plant growth promoters
11.5.2. Other PGP attributes of K-solubilizing microbes
11.5.2.1. KSM with P-solubilizing attributes
11.5.2.2. KSM with biological nitrogen fixating attributes
11.5.2.3. KSM with phytohormones production
11.5.2.4. KSM with Fe-chelating compounds production attributes
11.5.2.5. KSM with ACC deaminase activity
11.5.2.6. KSM with biocontrol attributes
11.5.2.7. Production of hydrolytic enzymes
11.5.2.8. Production of bioactive compounds
11.6. Biotechnological implication for alleviations of abiotic stress
11.6.1. Cold stress tolerance and mitigation
11.6.2. Salt stress tolerance and mitigation
11.6.3. Water stress tolerance and mitigation
11.7. Role of KSMS as biofertilizers
11.8. Role of KSMS in soil fertility and health
11.9. Conclusion and future scope
References
Chapter 12: Scientific health assessments in agriculture ecosystems-Towards a common research framework for plants and human
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Ecosystem health and criteria for indicator selection
12.3. Ecosystem health assessment methods
12.3.1. Holistic approach
12.3.2. Network analysis
12.3.3. Multimetric approach
12.3.4. Predictive model approach
12.4. Methods for human-coupled ecosystems
12.4.1. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) model
12.4.2. Mathematical models
12.4.3. Artificial neural networks
12.4.4. Genetic algorithms
12.5. The agroecosystem
12.5.1. Energy flow
12.5.2. Nutrient cycling
12.5.3. Population regulating mechanisms
12.5.4. Dynamic equilibrium
12.5.5. Land
12.5.6. Water
12.5.7. Soil
12.6. Agroecosystem in human health
12.7. Conclusion and future prospects
References
Further reading
Chapter 13: Cyanobacteria: A perspective paradigm for agriculture and environment
13.1. Introduction
13.2. Cyanobacteria and their role in agriculture
13.3. Role of cyanobacteria in bioremediation
13.4. Role of cyanobacteria in global warming
13.4.1. Atmospheric carbon dioxide sequestration by cyanobacteria
13.4.2. Methane emissions mitigation from paddy soils through cyanobacteria
13.5. Biofuel production
13.6. Utilization of cyanobacteria as food supplements
13.7. Conclusion and future prospects
References
Further reading
Chapter 14: The role of microbial signals in plant growth and development: Current status and future prospects
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Signals beneficial to plant microbiota
14.2.1. Enhancement of the microbial signals for the plant growth and development
14.2.1.1. Auxins
14.2.1.2. Gibberellins
14.2.1.3. Phosphate solubilization
14.2.1.4. Nitrogen fixation
14.2.2. Enhancement of the microbial signals for induced of plant defenses
14.2.2.1. Resources competition
14.2.2.2. Antagonist effect
14.2.2.3. Induced systemic resistance
14.3. The form of relationship between plant defense and plant growth
14.4. The effect of signals of plant-microbial pathogen on the growth and development of plant compared with beneficial m ...
14.4.1. Viruses and viroids
14.4.2. Phytoplasma
14.4.3. Bacteria
14.4.4. Fungi
14.5. Conclusion and future prospect
References
Further reading
Chapter 15: Microbial biopesticides: Current status and advancement for sustainable agriculture and environment
15.1. Introduction
15.2. Biopesticides
15.2.1. Botanicals
15.2.2. Biochemical
15.2.2.1. Plant products against insect pests
15.2.2.2. Pheromone against insect pests
15.2.2.3. Peptidomimetics against insect pests
15.2.3. Microbial
15.2.3.1. Bacteria
15.2.3.2. Fungi
15.2.3.3. Viruses
15.2.3.4. Nematodes
15.3. Biopesticide: Status of research and development
15.3.1. Status in India
15.3.2. Biopesticides worldwide
15.4. Commercial aspects and applications
15.4.1. Mode of action
15.4.2. Mode of action taken up by different microorganism
15.4.3. Formulation and production
15.4.3.1. Dry formulations
15.4.3.2. Production
15.4.3.3. Commercialization
15.5. Limitations and challenges
15.5.1. Use of conventional pesticides
15.5.2. Replacement of chemical pesticides
15.5.3. Efficacy of different types of biopesticides
15.5.4. Quality control of biopesticides
15.5.5. Regulation of biopesticides
15.6. Role of biopesticides in sustainable developments
15.6.1. Microbial pesticides in integrated pest management
15.6.2. Role in nanotechnology
15.6.3. Role in sustainable environments
15.6.4. Role in sustainable agriculture
15.7. Conclusion and future aspects
References
Further reading
Chapter 16: Saline microbiome: Biodiversity, ecological significance, and potential role in amelioration of salt stress
16.1. Introduction
16.2. Biodiversity and ecological significance
16.2.1. Archaea
16.2.2. Bacteria
16.2.3. Fungi
16.3. Role of salt-tolerant microbes in crops improvements
16.3.1. Biological N2-fixation
16.3.2. Phosphorus and potassium solubilization
16.3.3. Phytohormones production
16.3.4. ACC deaminase production
16.3.5. Indirect plant growth-promoting attributes
16.4. Role of PGP microbes for the amelioration of salt stress
16.5. Conclusions and future prospect
References
Chapter 17: Global scenario and future prospects of the potential microbiomes for sustainable agriculture
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Plant-associated microbes
17.3. Mechanism of rhizosphere microbes interaction
17.3.1. Direct mechanisms
17.3.1.1. Nitrogen fixation
17.3.1.2. Mineral solubilization
17.3.1.3. Biosynthesis of phytohormone
17.3.1.4. Siderophore production
17.3.2. Indirect mechanisms
17.3.2.1. Antibiotic production
17.3.2.2. Hydrolytic enzymes
17.3.2.3. ISR (induced systemic resistance)
17.4. Quorum sensing
17.4.1. Mathematical modeling of quorum sensing in bacteria
17.5. Biofilm
17.5.1. Biofilm formation
17.5.2. Factors influencing biofilm formation
17.5.3. Biofilm growth model
17.6. Applications of the rhizosphere microbiome
17.6.1. Bioremediation
17.6.1.1. Mathematical model for heavy metals removal
17.6.2. Biofuel productions
17.6.3. Biofertilizers
17.6.4. Biopesticides
17.6.5. Biocontrol
17.6.6. Biodegradation
17.7. Conclusion and future perspectives
References
Further reading
Chapter 18: Microbial biotechnology for sustainable agriculture: Current research and future challenges
References
Further reading
Index
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