Neuroscience of Stress: From Neurobiology to Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Sciences

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This textbook provides an introduction to the interdisciplinary study of stress, helping students and professionals understand the main neurobiological and psychological causes and consequences of stress in human beings. It’s aimed at understanding the concept of stress at different levels, from the impact of environmental stressors to its processing in the brain, and from the neural mechanisms involved in this processing to the expression of different adaptive responses. All these neural mechanisms are clearly explained according to different levels of complexity, from the neurobiological level, including the cellular and molecular mechanisms, to the psychological level, including the cognitive and emotional processing, and behavioral expressions.

The whole content is described in a very comprehensive manner, accompanied with descriptive graphics to clearly illustrate every detail, therefore allowing a full integration of all the covered concepts. In addition, clinical expressions of stress, such as mood and anxiety disorders, are also covered in detail, including an overview of different factors of vulnerability and resilience, therefore providing a unique and fundamental insight of this interdisciplinary field.

Given its interdisciplinary approach, Neuroscience of Stress: From Neurobiology to Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioral Sciences will provide a comprehensive and clear introduction to the study of stress to students and professionals from different fields of the behavioral and health sciences. It will serve as a valuable text for adoption in classes of a wide range of graduate courses dealing with mental health and well-being, in areas such as health and clinical psychology, health promotion and disease prevention, psychiatry and behavioral medicine, among others.

Author(s): Gustavo E. Tafet
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 212
City: Cham

Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Stress
Stress: Historical Perspective and Evolution of the Concept
Stress in Daily Life: Stressors and Adaptive Responses
The Good and the Bad: Eustress, Distress and Learned Helplessness
Homeostasis, Allostasis and Allostatic Load
Acute and Chronic Stress: The Road Map to Trauma or Resilience
References
Chapter 2: Neurobiological Approach to Stress
Stress from the Environment to the Brain
Neural Structures and Neurotransmitters Involved in Adaptive Responses to Stress
Psychoneurobiology of the Limbic System: Amygdala and Hippocampus
Neurobiology of the Hippocampus and Associated Structures
Neurobiology of the Amygdala and Associated Structures
Neurocircuitry and Psychoneurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex
The Raphe Nuclei and the Serotonergic System: The Role of Serotonin (5HT)
The Reward System and Dopaminergic Pathways: The Role of Dopamine (DA)
The Locus Coeruleus and the Noradrenergic System: The Role of Norepinephrine (NE)
The Role of Neurotrophic Factors: Neuroplasticity and Neurogenesis
Brief Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Transcriptional Regulation
Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis
Molecular Biology of the HPA Axis: The Role of the CRF System
Molecular Biology of the HPA Axis: The Role of Cortisol and Its Receptors
References
Chapter 3: Psychological Approach to Stress
Cognitive Processing of Stress: Perception and Working Memory
Cognitive Processing of Stress: Appraisal and Coping
The Role of Cognitive and Emotional Resources
Stress, Trauma and Resilience: Cognition and Emotion
Developing Controllability: The Road Map to Resilience
Stress in Early Periods of Life: Vulnerability or Controllability
References
Chapter 4: Clinical Approach to Stress
The Role of Stress in the Development of Fear and Anxiety
Stress, Anxiety and the Development of Anxiety Disorders
Psychoneurobiological Bases of Fear and Anxiety
The Amygdala and the Fear Circuit in the Brain
Neurobiology of Innate Fear Programming
Neurobiology of Fear Conditioning
The Role of the Amygdala and the BNST in the Regulation of the HPA Axis
The Role of the PVN in the Regulation of the HPA Axis
The Role of the Amygdala and the Hypothalamus in the Regulation of the ANS
The Role of the Locus Coeruleus and the Noradrenergic System in Stress
The Role of the Raphe Nuclei and the Serotonergic System in Stress
The Role of the Reward Pathway and the Dopaminergic System in Stress
The Role of Stress in the Development of Depression
Chronic Stress and the HPA Axis: The Role of Glucocorticoids
Genetic Vulnerability: The Role of Polymorphisms
Inflammatory Processes: The Role of Cytokines
Stress, Appraisal and Coping: The Role of Psychological Vulnerability
Stress in Early Periods of Life and Its Long-Term Effects
References
Chapter 5: Integrative Approach to Stress
Cognitive and Neurobiological Integration of Stress and Resilience
Psychoneuroimmunoendocrinology: A “Roseta Stone” in the Neuroscience of Stress
References
Index