Neuroscience of Rule-Guided Behavior brings together, for the first time, the experiments and theories that have created the new science of rules. Rules are central to human behavior, but until now the field of neuroscience lacked a synthetic approach to understanding them. How are rules learned, retrieved from memory, maintained in consciousness and implemented? How are they used to solve problems and select among actions and activities? How are the various levels of rules represented in the brain, ranging from simple conditional ones if a traffic light turns red, then stop to rules and strategies of such sophistication that they defy description? And how do brain regions interact to produce rule-guided behavior? These are among the most fundamental questions facing neuroscience, but until recently there was relatively little progress in answering them. It was difficult to probe brain mechanisms in humans, and expert opinion held that animals lacked the capacity for such high-level behavior. However, rapid progress in neuroimaging technology has allowed investigators to explore brain mechanisms in humans, while increasingly sophisticated behavioral methods have revealed that animals can and do use high-level rules to control their behavior. The resulting explosion of information has led to a new science of rules, but it has also produced a plethora of overlapping ideas and terminology and a field sorely in need of synthesis. In this book, Silvia Bunge and Jonathan Wallis bring together the worlds leading cognitive and systems neuroscientists to explain the most recent research on rule-guided behavior. Their work covers a wide range of disciplines and methods, including neuropsychology, functional magnetic resonance imaging, neurophysiology, electroencephalography, neuropharmacology, near-infrared spectroscopy, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. This unprecedented synthesis is a must-read for anyone interested in how complex behavior is controlled and organized by the brain.
Author(s): Silvia A. Bunge, Jonathan D. Wallis
Edition: 1
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 500
Contents......Page 10
Contributors......Page 12
Introduction......Page 14
I. Rule Representation......Page 26
1. Selection between Competing Responses Based on Conditional Rules......Page 28
2. Single Neuron Activity Underlying Behavior-Guiding Rules......Page 48
3. Neural Representations Used to Specify Action......Page 70
4. Maintenance and Implementation of Task Rules......Page 92
5. The Neurophysiology of Abstract Response Strategies......Page 106
6. Abstraction of Mental Representations: Theoretical Considerations and Neuroscientific Evidence......Page 132
II. Rule Implementation......Page 152
7. Ventrolateral and Medial Frontal Contributions to Decision-Making and Action Selection......Page 154
8. Differential Involvement of the Prefrontal, Premotor, and Primary Motor Cortices in Rule-Based Motor Behavior......Page 184
9. The Role of the Posterior Frontolateral Cortex in Task-Related Control......Page 202
10. Time Course of Executive Processes: Data from the Event-Related Optical Signal......Page 222
III. Task-Switching......Page 250
11. Task-Switching in Human and Nonhuman Primates: Understanding Rule Encoding and Control from Behavior to Single Neurons......Page 252
12. Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control in Cued Task-Switching: Rules, Representations, and Preparation......Page 280
13. Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Modulation of Two Distinct Forms of Flexible Cognitive Control: Attentional Set-Shifting and Reversal Learning......Page 308
14. Dopaminergic Modulation of Flexible Cognitive Control: The Role of the Striatum......Page 338
IV. Building Blocks of Rule Representation......Page 360
15. Binding and Organization in the Medial Temporal Lobe......Page 362
16. Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex and Controlling Memory to Inform Action......Page 390
17. Exploring the Roles of the Frontal, Temporal, and Parietal Lobes in Visual Categorization......Page 416
18. Rules through Recursion: How Interactions between the Frontal Cortex and Basal Ganglia May Build Abstract, Complex Rules from Concrete, Simple Ones......Page 444
19. The Development of Rule Use in Childhood......Page 466
A......Page 482
B......Page 483
C......Page 484
E......Page 486
F......Page 487
H......Page 488
K......Page 489
M......Page 490
N......Page 491
P......Page 492
R......Page 495
S......Page 496
T......Page 498
V......Page 499
W......Page 500
