Over the past decade, neuroproteomics has shed light on the molecular features of schizophrenia by depicting biological processes involved with its establishment, maintenance and treatment. These studies have also pointed to potential biomarkers applicable to diagnosis and medication monitoring. Edited by a leader in the field of neuroproteomics with contributions from subject experts, this new volume will address recent findings and compile evidence from difference perspectives―such as human samples, animal models, pluripotent stem cell-derived in vitro pre-clinical models―and provide findings to inform the development of innovative future treatment strategies.
This volume will be useful for a broad audience of researchers and professionals, including biologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, analytical chemists, and pharmacists, among others.
Author(s): Daniel Martins-de-Souza
Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1400
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 141
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Postmortem Brains: What Can Proteomics Tell us About the Sources of Schizophrenia?
1 Schizophrenia: Multifactorial Disorders Require Multifaceted Approaches
2 Proteomics and Postmortem Tissue: News About This Ideal Union
3 Bioinformatics: New Roads, New Perspectives
4 Knowledge: Sharing and Multiplying
5 Far Away from Conclusions
References
What Can We Learn from Animal Models to Study Schizophrenia?
1 Introduction
2 Pharmacological Models
3 Neurodevelopmental Models
3.1 The Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) Model
3.2 The Methylazoxymethanol Acetate (MAM) Model
4 Models Based on Myelin-Related Abnormalities: The Cuprizone Model
5 Genetic Models
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Modeling Schizophrenia In Vitro: Challenges and Insights on Studying Brain Cells
1 Introduction
2 2D and 3D Cell Models of Schizophrenia
2.1 Neuronal Cell Lines
2.2 Non-Neuronal Cell Lines
2.3 Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs)
2.3.1 Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs)
2.3.2 hiPSC-Derived Neurons
2.3.3 Glial Cells
2.4 Three-Dimensional Models
2.4.1 Neurospheres
2.4.2 Organoids
3 Advantages and Limitations of in Vitro Models to Study Schizophrenia
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Schizophrenia Outside the Brain
1 Introduction
2 Schizophrenia as a Systemic Disorder
3 The Musculoskeletal System
4 Immune System and Inflammation
5 Metabolic Syndrome in First-Episode Drug-Naïve Patients
6 Drugs and Side Effects Outside the Brain
6.1 First-Generation Antipsychotics
6.2 Second-Generation Antipsychotics
7 Conclusion and Final Remarks
References
Molecular Features Triggered by Antipsychotic Medication in Brain Cells
1 Introduction
2 Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms Affected by APDs
3 Cellular Receptors Targeted by APDs
4 APDs and Brain Cells
5 Novel Potential Antipsychotics
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Known and Unexplored Post-Translational Modification Pathways in Schizophrenia
1 Protein Modifications in Humans
2 Investigating Post-Translational Modifications
3 2-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis
4 Ion- and Antibody-Based Enrichment
5 Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry
6 PTMs in Schizophrenia
6.1 The Hypotheses of Schizophrenia
6.2 Differentially Expressed PTMs in Schizophrenia
6.3 Cell and Animal Models
6.4 Postmortem Brain Tissue
6.5 Biological Fluids
7 Uninvestigated Modified Proteins and Pathways
8 Future Directions and Conclusion
References
Molecular Findings Guiding the Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System as a Potential Target to Treat Schizophrenia
1 Introduction
2 Endocannabinoid System in Neurodevelopment, Synaptic Plasticity, and Brain Energy Metabolism
2.1 Neurodevelopment
2.2 Synaptic Plasticity
2.3 Brain Energy Metabolism
3 Cannabis Use, the Endocannabinoid System, and Schizophrenia
4 Endocannabinoid System Modulation and Schizophrenia
4.1 Evidence from In Vitro Studies
4.2 Evidence from Animal Models
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Metabolomics: A Powerful Tool to Understand the Schizophrenia Biology
1 Introduction
2 Metabolomics: Definitions and Related Analytical Techniques
3 Metabolomic Workflow, from Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics
4 Metabolomics Applied to Schizophrenia Studies
4.1 The Biology Behind Schizophrenia Metabolomics
4.2 Hypotheses Generated from SCZ Metabolomic Studies
5 Conclusion and Outlook
References
Modulating Specific Pathways In Vitro to Understand the Synaptic Dysfunction of Schizophrenia
1 Introduction
2 Stem Cells
3 shRNA/siRNA
4 CRISPR/CAS 9
5 Final Remarks
References
Proteomics and Schizophrenia: The Evolution of a Great Partnership
1 Introduction
2 Evolution of Mass Spectrometers for Proteomics
3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Acquisition Modes for Proteomics
4 Proteomics and Schizophrenia Research Evolving Together
5 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Proteomics
6 Conclusions
References
Index
