Grooming is among the most evolutionary ancient and highly represented behaviours in many animal species. It represents a significant proportion of an animal's total activity and between 30-50% of their waking hours. Recent research has demonstrated that grooming is regulated by specific brain circuits and is sensitive to stress, as well as to pharmacologic compounds and genetic manipulation, making it ideal for modelling affective disorders that arise as a function of stressful environments, such as stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. Over a series of 12 chapters that introduce and explicate the field of grooming research and its significance for the human and animal brain, this book covers the breadth of grooming animal models while simultaneously providing sufficient depth in introducing the concepts and translational approaches to grooming research. Written primarily for graduates and researchers within the neuroscientific community.
Author(s): Allan V. Kalueff, Justin L. La Porte, Carisa L. Bergner
Edition: 1
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2010
Language: English
Commentary: +OCR
Pages: 299
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Grooming and related behaviors......Page 13
Introduction......Page 19
How the study of mouse face-grooming sequences began (M. Frances Stilwell)......Page 20
Early rodent grooming studies and consequent research (John C. Fentress)......Page 29
References......Page 35
Summary......Page 37
Introduction......Page 38
Self-grooming in social and sexual contexts......Page 40
Self-grooming and attracting the opposite sex......Page 43
Self-grooming and seasonality......Page 46
The effects of melatonin......Page 47
The effects of prolactin and testosterone......Page 48
Self-grooming and age......Page 51
Self-grooming and protein content of the diet......Page 53
Self-grooming and same-sex competition......Page 55
Self-grooming and olfactory communication......Page 56
Acknowledgments......Page 57
References......Page 58
Summary......Page 64
Introduction......Page 65
Procedures......Page 70
Behavioral analysis......Page 71
Procedures and behavioral analyses......Page 73
Grooming behavior......Page 74
Barbering behavior......Page 76
Conclusion......Page 77
References......Page 78
Introduction......Page 84
To groom or to play: is a choice necessary?......Page 86
Playful manipulation......Page 91
Navigating social relationships......Page 94
Play fighting and the prefrontal cortex......Page 96
References......Page 99
Summary......Page 106
Introduction......Page 107
Effects of PCP on syntactic irregularities......Page 112
Effects of PCP on regional grooming distribution......Page 114
Phase duration within completed syntactic chains and chains lacking Phase 1......Page 115
Effects of PCP on grooming, exploration, and inactivity......Page 116
Discussion......Page 117
References......Page 122
Introduction......Page 126
Aromatase expression in the brain......Page 128
Estrogen receptor a and B expression in the brain......Page 129
Brain and behavior phenotypes of the aromatase knockout (ArKO) mouse model......Page 131
Brain and behavior phenotypes of estrogen receptor knockout (ErKO) mouse models......Page 135
Estrogen receptor-dependent mechanisms......Page 138
Conclusion......Page 140
References......Page 141
Introduction......Page 149
Locomotive hyperactivity......Page 151
Sensorimotor gating deficit and its reversal by an antipsychotic drug......Page 152
Lack of barbering (whisker trimming) behavior......Page 153
Lack of nesting behavior......Page 155
Working memory deficit: delayed nonmatch to sample (DNMTS) T-maze test......Page 156
Discussion......Page 158
References......Page 159
Introduction and methodological considerations......Page 163
Surgical lesions......Page 164
Grooming in Grid2Lc mutants......Page 165
Neurotoxic lesions and dopamine receptor stimulation......Page 166
Grooming in Grik2Wv mutants......Page 167
Lesions of the cerebral cortex......Page 169
Concluding remarks......Page 170
References......Page 171
Summary......Page 174
Some reasons for studying action sequencing......Page 175
The grooming chain and action sequencing......Page 176
The striatum and basal ganglia system......Page 178
The striatum and the grooming chain in the rat......Page 180
Why might the dorsolateral striatum subregion be critical for action sequencing?......Page 183
What is the implementation function?......Page 186
The striatum and sensorimotor gating......Page 187
The striatum, reward, and the grooming chain......Page 189
Clinical implications......Page 193
References......Page 194
Summary......Page 202
Introduction......Page 203
Adaptive value......Page 205
The dominance hypothesis......Page 207
The pathology hypothesis......Page 211
Species occurrence......Page 212
Human insights......Page 213
A comparison of mouse strains......Page 216
Development......Page 219
Known risk factors......Page 220
Role of the laboratory environment......Page 221
Insights from transgenic studies......Page 224
Behavioral mechanism......Page 228
Cues and constraints......Page 230
Neurophysiological mechanism......Page 231
Conclusion......Page 233
References......Page 235
Introduction......Page 244
Trichotillomania......Page 245
Pathological skin picking......Page 249
Nail biting......Page 253
Lip biting......Page 254
Impulse control disorder......Page 255
Obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder......Page 258
What is the right name?......Page 260
Acknowledgments......Page 261
References......Page 262
Introduction......Page 270
Nosological status of trichotillomania......Page 271
Explanatory models of trichotillomania......Page 272
Genetics in trichotillomania......Page 273
Endophenotype approach......Page 275
Impulsivity in trichotillomania......Page 276
Structural and functional abnormalities of the brain in trichotillomania......Page 279
Animal models......Page 281
References......Page 283
Index......Page 289
