Contents......Page 5
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
1.1 System Components......Page 12
1.2 Forcing......Page 14
1.3 Climate Models......Page 16
1.4 Mean State......Page 19
2.1 Phenomena and Null-Hypothesis......Page 25
2.2 Atmospheric Waves and Teleconnections......Page 27
2.3 The North Atlantic Oscillation......Page 28
2.4 The El Ni no–Southern Oscillation......Page 30
2.5 Tropical Circulation and Monsoons......Page 33
2.6 The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation......Page 36
3.1 Climate Data......Page 38
3.2 Linear Analysis Tools......Page 40
3.3 Nonlinear Analysis Tools......Page 47
3.4 Statistical Testing......Page 55
4.1 Complex Networks......Page 59
4.2 Construction of Climate Networks......Page 63
4.3 Climate Communities......Page 70
4.4 Flow Networks......Page 74
4.5 Event Synchronization Networks......Page 88
5.1 Computational Problem......Page 90
5.2 Serial Tools: pyunicorn......Page 92
5.3 Parallel Tools:
[email protected] 97
6.1 Network Analysis of ENSO Phases......Page 105
6.2 Evolution of Atmospheric Connectivity in the Twentieth Century......Page 110
6.3 Forced and Internal Atmospheric Variability......Page 112
6.4 Atmospheric Rossby Waves......Page 117
6.5 Atmospheric Blocking Events......Page 122
6.6 Indian Monsoon......Page 126
6.7 South American Monsoon......Page 131
7.1 Oceanic El Ni no Wave Dynamics......Page 141
7.2 Multidecadal North Atlantic SST Anomalies......Page 148
7.3 Mediterranean Sea Surface Flow Network......Page 153
7.4 Optimal Mediterranean Flow Paths......Page 167
8.1 Climate Tipping Elements......Page 172
8.2 Critical Slowing Down......Page 175
8.3 Atlantic MOC Collapse......Page 177
8.4 Desertification......Page 192
8.5 Percolation-Based Techniques......Page 201
9.1 Concepts of Predictability......Page 209
9.2 Machine Learning......Page 210
9.3 Prediction of the Indian Summer Monsoon......Page 212
9.4 El Nino Prediction......Page 219
References......Page 227
Copyright Acknowledgments......Page 248
Index......Page 250
Color plate section found between pages 118 and 119......Page 254
