Network Evolution and Applications provides a comprehensive, integrative, and easy approach to understanding the technologies, concepts, and milestones in the history of networking. It provides an overview of different aspects involved in the networking arena that includes the core technologies that are essential for communication and important in our day-to-day life. It throws some light on certain past networking concepts and technologies that have been revolutionary in the history of science and technology and have been highly impactful. It expands on various concepts like Artificial Intelligence, Software Defined Networking, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things, which are very popular at present.
This book focuses on the evolutions made in the world of networking. One can’t imagine the world without the Internet today; with the Internet and the present- day networking, distance doesn’t matter at all. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a tough time worldwide, with global lockdown, locked homes, empty streets, stores without consumers, and offices with no or fewer staff. Thanks to the modern digital networks, the culture of work from home (WFH) or working remotely with the network/Internet connection has come to the fore, with even school and university classes going online. Although WFH is not new, the COVID-19 pandemic has given it a new look, and industries are now willfully exploring WFH to extend it in the future. The aim of this book is to present the timeline of networking to show the developments made and the milestones that were achieved due to these developments.
Author(s): Ciro Rodriguez, Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Kumar Pandey
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 255
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Authors
Chapter 1 Communication Network at a Glance
Abbreviations
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Types of Networks
1.2.1 Based on Spread of the Network
1.2.2 Based on the Type of Connection
1.2.3 Based on the Type of Signals
1.3 Network Topology
1.3.1 Bus Topology
1.3.2 Star Topology
1.3.3 Mesh Topology
1.3.4 Ring Topology
1.3.5 Hybrid Topology
1.4 Data Communication
1.4.1 Use Cases of Data Communication
1.4.2 Different Data Communication Mode
1.4.3 Components of Data Communication
1.4.4 Cellular or Mobile Communication
1.4.5 Internet
1.5 International Forums and Organizations
1.5.1 ITU-T
1.5.2 IANA
1.5.3 IETF
1.5.4 3GPP
1.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Reference Model and Protocol Suite
Abbreviations
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Why Standard Protocol Architecture?
2.3 Logistics of Communication
2.3.1 Protocols
2.3.2 Layers
2.3.3 Service
2.3.4 Client/Server Method
2.3.5 Addressing
2.3.6 Reliability
2.3.7 Flow Control Mechanism
2.3.8 Connection Oriented – Connectionless
2.4 TCP/IP
2.4.1 Layered Architecture
2.4.2 TCP/IP Operation
2.5 OSI
2.5.1 Layered Architecture
2.5.2 OSI Operation
2.5.3 Comparing TCP/IP and OSI Model
2.6 IP Address
2.6.1 IPv4 Address
2.6.2 IPv6 Address
2.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 The First Internet: ARPANET
Abbreviations
3.1 Introduction
3.2 ARPANET
3.2.1 A Brief History of ARPANET
3.2.2 Sites of ARPANET
3.2.3 Motivations
3.2.3.1 Time-Shared Computers
3.2.3.2 Network Working Group
3.2.3.3 Request For Comments (RFC)
3.2.3.4 Network Control Protocol
3.2.3.5 Decentralization of Network or Distributed Control
3.2.3.6 Store-and-Forward Switching
3.2.3.7 Responsiveness of Network
3.2.4 ARPANET Topology
3.2.5 ARPANET Network Operation
3.3 Reception, Success, and Achievement
3.3.1 Growth of ARPANET
3.3.2 Impact on Computer Resource and Communication Technology
3.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Ethernet
Abbreviations
4.1 Introduction
4.2 ALOHA
4.2.1 The ALOHA SYSTEM – Architecture
4.2.2 ALOHANET
4.2.3 Pure and Slotted: ALOHA Protocols
4.3 Ethernet History
4.3.1 Experimental Ethernet
4.3.1.1 Error Detection Mechanism
4.3.2 Ethernet Developments in History
4.4 Ethernet Concepts
4.4.1 Physical Layers of Ethernet
4.4.1.1 10 Mbit/s Ethernet
4.4.1.2 Fast Ethernet
4.4.1.3 Gigabit Ethernet
4.4.1.4 Ten Gigabit Ethernet
4.4.2 Medium Access Control
4.4.3 Ethernet Frame
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Journey of Cables – From Coppers to Optical Fiber
Abbreviations
5.1 Introduction
5.2 History of Telecommunication Cables
5.2.1 POTS
5.2.2 Development of Ethernet
5.2.3 From Analog to Digital
5.2.4 Transatlantic Cables
5.3 Copper Cables
5.3.1 Twisted Pairs
5.3.2 Coaxial Cables
5.3.3 Hybrid Cables
5.4 Optical Fiber Cables
5.4.1 Single-Mode Fiber
5.4.2 Multimode Fiber
5.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Wireless Networks
Abbreviation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Wireless Networks and Communication
6.2.1 Wireless Telegraphy
6.2.2 Mobile Telephone Service – Precellular
6.2.3 Mobile Communication – Cellular
6.2.3.1 First Generation
6.2.3.2 Second Generation
6.2.3.3 Third Generation
6.2.3.4 Fourth Generation
6.2.4 Wi-Fi
6.2.5 WiMAX
6.2.6 ZigBee
6.2.7 Bluetooth
6.3 Architecture of Wireless Networks
6.3.1 The OSI Reference Model
6.3.2 Different Types of Wireless Network
6.3.2.1 Wireless Wide Area Network
6.3.2.2 Wireless Metropolitan Area Network
6.3.2.3 Wireless Local Area Network
6.3.2.4 Wireless Personal Area Network
6.3.3 Wireless Network Topologies
6.3.3.1 Point-to-Point Wireless Network
6.3.3.2 Star Wireless Network
6.3.3.3 Tree Wireless Network
6.3.3.4 Mesh Wireless Network
6.3.4 Wireless Service Modes
6.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Circuit Switching and Packet Switching
Abbreviations
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Switched Network
7.3 Circuit Switching
7.3.1 Manual Switching
7.3.2 Automatic Switching
7.4 Packet Switching
7.4.1 Datagram
7.4.2 Virtual Circuit
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8 Multiprotocol Label Switching
Abbreviations
8.1 Introduction
8.2 MPLS Background: A Historical View
8.2.1 IP Switching Technology
8.2.2 Tag Switching
8.2.3 IBM ARIS
8.2.4 MPLS
8.3 Architecture of MPLS
8.3.1 MPLS Terminologies
8.3.2 MPLS Label Header
8.3.3 MPLS Operations
8.3.3.1 Assignment of Label
8.3.3.2 LDP or TDP Session Establishment
8.3.3.3 Distribution of Label
8.3.3.4 Retention of Label
8.3.4 Label Operations
8.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9 Metro Ethernet
Abbreviations
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Metro Ethernet
9.2.1 Metro Ethernet Forum
9.2.2 MEF: Carrier Ethernet Terminologies
9.2.3 MEF: Carrier Ethernet Services
9.2.3.1 E-Line
9.2.3.2 E-LAN
9.2.3.3 E-Tree
9.2.3.4 E-Access
9.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Modern Internet
Abbreviations
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Principles of Modern Internet Architecture
10.2.1 Heterogeneity
10.2.2 Scalability
10.2.3 Simplicity
10.2.4 Robustness and Adaptability
10.2.5 Loose Coupling
10.2.6 Naming and Addressing
10.2.7 Distributed Architecture
10.3 The Web
10.3.1 Web vs. Internet
10.3.2 Web 2.0
10.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Software-Defined Networking
Abbreviation
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Architecture of SDN
11.2.1 Components of SDN
11.2.1.1 Application Layer
11.2.1.2 Northbound Interface
11.2.1.3 Control Layer
11.2.1.4 Southbound Interface
11.2.1.5 Network Operating Systems
11.2.1.6 Infrastructure Layer
11.2.2 Traffic Flow in SDN
11.2.2.1 North-South Flow
11.2.2.2 East-West Flow
11.3 Open Flow Protocol
11.3.1 OpenFlow Table and Flow Entries
11.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Cloud Computing
Abbreviations
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Background
12.3 Benefits and Limitations of the Cloud
12.3.1 Benefits
12.3.2 Limitations
12.4 Deployment Models
12.5 Service Models
12.6 Featured Providers
12.7 Architecture
12.8 Cloud Risks
12.9 Data Centers as Support for Cloud Computing
12.10 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13 Internet of Things
Abbreviation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 IoT World Background
13.2.1 Communication Models of IoT
13.2.2 Communications Device to Device
13.3 Intercommunication Between Things
13.3.1 Protocols Used to Transmit Data
13.3.2 Embedded Vision Systems
13.3.3 Webinars on Embedded/Integrated Vision Systems
13.3.4 Machine Learning
13.3.5 Arduino
13.3.6 The Internet of Things as an Ally of Digital Transformation
13.4 Internet of Things 2.0: The Next Step Toward Industry 4.0
13.5 IoT Applications
13.5.1 What is IoT, and What are its Main Applications
13.5.2 This is What a Home IoT Network Looks Like
13.5.3 Business
13.5.3.1 Hostelry
13.5.3.2 Business IoT Network
13.5.4 Vehicle Fleets for Logistics
13.5.5 IoT Applications for Home Use
13.5.6 Growth of the Number of Connected Devices
13.5.7 IoT in Agriculture: Smart Farming
13.5.8 Agriculture and Livestock
13.5.8.1 Gardening
13.5.9 IoT in Medicine IoMT: Smart Health
13.5.9.1 Health
13.5.10 IoT in Energy Management: Smart Energy
13.5.11 IIoT, the Industrial Internet of Things
13.6 Advantages of IoT
13.7 Limitations of IoT
13.7.1 Considerations to Integrate IoT Technologies
13.7.2 Challenges and Challenges in Organizations
13.7.3 IoT Security
13.8 Future of IoT
13.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14 Next-Generation IoT and the World of Sensors
Abbreviations
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The World of Sensors
14.2.1 Great Growth Potential
14.3 Functions of the Sensors That Incorporate the Objects with IoT Technology
14.3.1 Sensors for Temperature
14.3.2 Sensors for Proximity
14.3.3 Sensors for Measurement Gases
14.3.4 Sensors for Pressure
14.3.5 Sensor for Moisture
14.3.6 Sensor of Level
14.3.7 Intelligent and Autonomous Sensors
14.4 The Next-Generation Internet of Things
14.5 Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions
14.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 15 Artificial Intelligence and Networking
Abbreviations
15.1 Introduction
15.2 What is AI?
15.2.1 Machine Learning
15.2.2 Neural Network
15.2.3 Deep Learning
15.3 How AI Can Transform Computer Networks?
15.3.1 AI in Software-Defined Networking
15.3.1.1 Some Parameters for Selecting ML Algorithm to Power an SDN Controller
15.3.2 AI in the Telcom Networks
15.3.3 AI in Cyber Security
15.4 Conclusion
References
Index
