This important book focuses on post-Lisbon Agenda issues of alignment and misalignment on different dimensions of European society and the European economy, including industrial systems, R&D systems, educational systems and job markets. It also looks in particular at the peripheral regions of Europe the less developed parts of old Europe, the parts of old Europe that are outside or only half-inside the EU, the new member-states of the EU, and Turkey as the most important EU candidate country. It takes as its methodological starting point the theory of network alignment as developed in SPRU, notably by Nick von Tunzelmann, and builds on this to produce an incisive assessment of the institutions, individual actors and markets that drive the knowledge economy. In all of this, it sets the European picture firmly in the context of global developments in investment, labour and intellectual property flows. Key authors include the editor himself, von Tunzelmann, Andrea Salavetz of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Matija Rojec of the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Author(s): David A. Dyker
Publisher: Imperial College Press
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 416
Cover
......Page 1
Contents
......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 6
List of Tables......Page 12
List of Figures......Page 16
List of Contributors......Page 20
Introduction......Page 24
1. Introduction — The Tasks Facing Network Alignment......Page 26
2. Antecedents of Network Alignment......Page 28
3.1. National systems of innovation......Page 29
3.2. Governance systems......Page 31
3.3. Complex systems......Page 33
4.1. Sources of learning......Page 34
4.2. The functions of the firm......Page 37
4.3. The capabilities of government......Page 40
4.4. Gauging network alignment......Page 41
5. Conclusions and Implications......Page 42
References......Page 43
Section 1 Innovation Networks......Page 46
1. Introduction......Page 48
2.1. Biases in technological change — Sectors, factor inputs and firm sizes......Page 49
2.2.1. R&D performance — GERD, BERD and HERD......Page 50
2.2.2. R&D funding......Page 51
2.2.3. Patenting......Page 52
2.2.5. ‘Hidden innovation’......Page 53
2.3. Summary of the UK’s technological performance......Page 54
3.1. ‘Value chain’ failures......Page 55
3.2. Spillovers and sectoral systems......Page 56
3.4. Summary of private-sector weaknesses and strengths......Page 58
4.1. Changes in governance......Page 59
4.2. The 1970s and 1980s......Page 60
4.3. Policy design in later years......Page 62
5. Conclusions......Page 63
References......Page 64
2. Preliminary Remarks on Methodology......Page 68
3. Basic Features of the German Innovation System......Page 69
4. The Evolution of the East German Innovation System......Page 74
5. Conclusions and Policy Options......Page 80
References......Page 82
1. Introduction......Page 86
2. The Institutional Structure of R&D in the Transition Countries Today......Page 87
2.1. Foreign companies......Page 88
2.2. Domestic companies......Page 91
2.3. State research institutes and universities......Page 92
3. Critical Weaknesses in the Chain of Governance in Transition R&D and Innovation Systems......Page 97
3.1. The multinationals — The limits to corporate vision......Page 98
3.2. Domestic firms — The burden of the past and the limits to ambition......Page 99
3.3. State research institutes and universities — A failure of restructuring......Page 101
4. Conclusions......Page 105
References......Page 106
2. Introductory Remarks on the German Innovation System......Page 110
2.1.3. University research centres(An-Institute)......Page 111
2.2. Industry......Page 112
3. Significance of the Economic Activities of the Central German Region......Page 113
5.1. Scientific organisations......Page 114
5.2. Industry......Page 116
Interview S1: Science institute......Page 117
Interview S2: Science institute......Page 119
Interview S3: University......Page 121
Interview S4: University research centre......Page 122
Other Comments......Page 123
Interview I1: Large chemical company......Page 124
Interview I2: Large chemical company......Page 125
Interview I3: Medium-sized food processor......Page 128
Other Comments......Page 129
7. Conclusions......Page 130
References......Page 131
2. Development in Market Conditions......Page 132
3. Institutional Background......Page 138
3.1. Slovak Academy of Sciences......Page 140
3.3. The VEGA grant agency and the science and technology assistance agency......Page 141
3.5. The National Agency for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises (NADSME)......Page 142
3.7. Technology incubators as technology transfer institutions......Page 143
4. Imbalance in the Innovation Market......Page 144
5. Innovation Strategy......Page 147
6. Conclusion......Page 151
References......Page 152
Section 2 Labour Markets, Job Matching and Social Networking......Page 154
1. Introduction......Page 156
2. Job Matching — Which Segments of the Labour Market Should We Focus On?......Page 157
3. The Supply Side — Is There a Problem, or Isn’t There?......Page 159
4. What is the Relationship Between Job-Matching and S&T?......Page 160
5. Do Managers Know What They Want?......Page 162
6. What About the Informal Labour Market?......Page 163
References......Page 164
1. Introduction......Page 166
2. Recruitment Practices and Problems......Page 170
3. Company Training Initiatives and Methods......Page 173
4. Relations with Higher Educational Institutions......Page 175
5. Conclusions......Page 179
References......Page 180
1. Introduction: The Market for Skills......Page 182
2. The Romanian Context......Page 183
3. Recent Trends in Participation, Employment and the Demand for Labour......Page 185
4. The Challenge of Unemployment......Page 194
5. Productivity, Labour Costs and Labour Market Flexibility......Page 197
6. Skill Mismatch and the Education Reform......Page 201
7. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations......Page 205
References......Page 207
1. Introduction......Page 208
2. Data......Page 209
3. Types of Mismatch and Hypotheses......Page 215
4. Average Mismatch Levels by Type of Education in the Period 1995–2005......Page 216
5. The Probability of Being Mismatched by Type of Education in the Period 1995–2005......Page 218
5.1. Type of education......Page 222
5.2. Individual characteristics and county-specific unemployment rates......Page 223
6. Possible Effects of Non-Response......Page 225
7. Conclusions......Page 226
References......Page 227
1. Introduction......Page 230
2. Theoretical Context......Page 231
2.1. Human capital theory and human resource development......Page 232
2.2. Economic growth: Neoclassical and post-neoclassical views......Page 234
2.3. Structuralist approaches......Page 235
2.4. Triple Helix view......Page 236
3. Regional Innovation Systems, Human Capital and Skills......Page 237
4. ‘Measuring’ Regional Innovation......Page 239
5. Policy Implications and Conclusions......Page 251
References......Page 252
1. Introduction......Page 256
2. Population Figures......Page 257
3. Brief History of the Housing Market in Istanbul......Page 258
4. (Lack of ) Urban Planning Measures in Turkey......Page 259
5. Informal and Formal Housing Networks Among Yesiltepe Migrants......Page 262
6. Labour Force Participation and Unemployment in Turkey......Page 265
7. The Informal Economy in Turkey......Page 267
8. Informal Employment Networks in Yesiltepe......Page 270
9. Conclusion......Page 273
References......Page 274
Section 3 Industrial Networks and International Spillovers......Page 276
1. Introduction......Page 278
2. Determinants of Firm-Level Innovation in Slovenia......Page 282
3.1. Effect of innovation on productivity growth using OLS estimations......Page 286
3.2. Effect of innovation on productivity growth using nearest neighbour matching and average treatment effects......Page 289
4. Conclusions......Page 293
References......Page 294
Appendix......Page 298
1. Introduction......Page 300
2. Changes in Technology in Wood-Based Industries......Page 301
3. Demand for Skills in the Wood-Based Industries......Page 303
4. Data and Methods......Page 307
5. Development of Technology and Skills in Wood Industries in Estonia......Page 311
6. Discussion......Page 320
7. Conclusions and Policy Implications......Page 321
References......Page 322
1. Introduction and Motivation of Analysis......Page 326
2. Theoretical Background and Development of Hypothesis......Page 327
3. The IWH — FDI Micro Database......Page 331
3.2. The main areas of interest in the questionnaires......Page 332
3.3. Comparing total population and sample......Page 333
4.1. Stylised facts: Investment motives of foreign investors......Page 335
4.2. Stylised facts: Technological activity of FIEs in a cross-country comparison......Page 337
4.3. Stylised facts: Autonomy of FIEs vis-à-vis foreign parents......Page 343
4.4. Stylised facts: Importance of augmenting and exploiting strategies......Page 344
4.5. Stylised facts: Integration of FIEs into host economies......Page 346
4.6. Firm-specific determinants of technological interaction of FIEs with host economies......Page 349
5. Conclusions and Outlook for Future Research......Page 351
References......Page 352
1. Introduction......Page 356
2. Overview of the Existing Literature on the Home-Country Employment Effect of FDI......Page 359
3. Framework for the Empirical Analysis......Page 361
4. Data Description and Preliminary Data Analysis......Page 365
5. Results of the Regression Analysis and Propensity Score Matching......Page 371
6. Conclusions and Implications......Page 378
References......Page 379
Appendix......Page 382
1. Introduction......Page 384
2. Learning from Global Networks: An Overview......Page 386
3. Dynamics of Network Alignment in Bursa and Upper Silesia......Page 388
4. Network Alignment in Bursa and Upper Silesia......Page 392
5. Network Alignment and Upgrading......Page 394
6. Conclusions......Page 400
References......Page 402
Appendix: Measuring Innovation......Page 404
Index......Page 408
